喀斯特山区有机与常规种植方式下烟田土壤微生物特性
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- 英文论文题名：Characteristic of Soil Microorganism under Organic and Conventional Cultivation Modes in Karst Mountain Region
- 论文作者：黄化刚 ; 肖谋良 ; 梁士楚 ; 张龙 ; 肖和友 ; 代园凤 ; 申燕 ; 苏以荣 ; 陈香碧
- 英文论文作者：HUANG Huagang ; XIAO Mouliang ; LIANG Shichu ; ZHANG Long ; XIAO Heyou ; DAI Yuanfeng ; SHEN Yan ; SU Yirong ; CHEN Xiangbi ; Bijie Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company ; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region ; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture ; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Guangxi Normal University
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司;中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室;广西师范大学生命科学学院;
- 论文关键词：烤烟 ; 有机种植 ; 常规种植 ; 土壤微生物 ; 喀斯特
- 英文论文关键词：Tobacco ; Organic cultivation ; Conventional cultivation ; Soil microorganism ; Karst
- 会议召开时间：2016-12-01
- 会议录名称：中国烟草学会2016年度优秀论文汇编——烟草农业主题
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：S572;S154.3
- 学会代码：ZGYG
- 学会名称：中国烟草学会
- 页数：12
- 文件大小：873k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
为明确喀斯特山区烤烟种植由常规转为有机方式后烟田土壤性质的变化,在贵州省金沙县以常规种植方式为对照,选择连续三年有机种植方式的烟田为试验对象,系统研究两种种植方式下烟田土壤基本性质、细菌和真菌群落结构特征及其关键影响因素。结果表明,该区烤烟种植方式由常规种植转换为有机种植后,土壤有机质、微生物量碳显著增加,而养分(全氮、全钾、速效磷、速效钾)含量显著降低(p<0.05或p<0.01);两种种植方式下,土壤微生物丰富度和多样性均以细菌高于真菌;两种种植方式下,土壤细菌和真菌多样性以及在"门"分类上的群落结构差异不大,细菌均以变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门占优势(54.2%～62.0%),真菌均以子囊菌门占绝对优势(74.4%);常规转为有机方式后,烟田土壤有益微生物类群增加;该区烟田土壤微生物群落结构主要受土壤有机质、养分和容重影响。未来需调整有机肥施入配方,以促进该区有机烟产业和植烟土壤可持续发展。
To investigate the change soil microbial characteristic after the conventional cultivation converted to organic cultivation in karst mountain region, a field experiment was carried out in Jinsha county, Guizhou province. The soil microbial diversity and community and their influencing factors in organic and conventional tobacco field were analyzed. Results showed that after the cultivation converted from organic to conventional mode, the contents of soil organic matter and microbial biomass carbon were significantly increased, while the contents of soil nutrients(total nitrogen, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium) were significantly decreased(p<0.05 or p<0.01). The richness and diversity of bacteria under both modes were higher than that of fungi. The richness and diversity of both microbial communities were not obviously different between conventional mode and organic mode. At phylum level, the bacterial and fungal communities were similar between conventional and organic modes, with bacterial communities dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria(accounting for 54.2%～62.0% of the clone libraries), and fungal communities dominated by Ascomycota(74.4%). The groups of beneficial microorganisms were increased after the cultivation converted from conventional to organic mode. The microbial communities(bacteria and fungi) were mainly influenced by soil organic matter, nutrient and soil density. In the future, in order to promote the sustainable development of the organic tobacco industry and soil quality in this karst region, the formula of the organic fertilizer should be improved.
To investigate the change soil microbial characteristic after the conventional cultivation converted to organic cultivation in karst mountain region, a field experiment was carried out in Jinsha county, Guizhou province. The soil microbial diversity and community and their influencing factors in organic and conventional tobacco field were analyzed. Results showed that after the cultivation converted from organic to conventional mode, the contents of soil organic matter and microbial biomass carbon were significantly increased, while the contents of soil nutrients(total nitrogen, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium) were significantly decreased(p<0.05 or p<0.01). The richness and diversity of bacteria under both modes were higher than that of fungi. The richness and diversity of both microbial communities were not obviously different between conventional mode and organic mode. At phylum level, the bacterial and fungal communities were similar between conventional and organic modes, with bacterial communities dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria(accounting for 54.2%～62.0% of the clone libraries), and fungal communities dominated by Ascomycota(74.4%). The groups of beneficial microorganisms were increased after the cultivation converted from conventional to organic mode. The microbial communities(bacteria and fungi) were mainly influenced by soil organic matter, nutrient and soil density. In the future, in order to promote the sustainable development of the organic tobacco industry and soil quality in this karst region, the formula of the organic fertilizer should be improved.
引文
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[2]杨佳玫,王玉平.贵州有机生态烟叶质量研究初报[J].耕作与栽培,2010,2:19-20.
[3]郭怡卿,张光煦,马剑雄,等.有机烟叶及其生产[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(6):1793-1798.
[4]窦玉青,刘新民,程森,等.论我国有机烟叶开发[J].中国烟草科学,2012,4:98-101.
[5]Torsvik V,?vre?s L.Microbial diversity and function in soil:from genes to ecosystems[J].Curr Opin Microbiol,2002,5:240–245.
[6]M?der P,Fliessbach A,Dubois D,et al.Soil fertility and biodiversity in organic farming[J].Science,2002,296:1694–1697.
[7]陈香碧,苏以荣,何寻阳,等.不同干扰方式对喀斯特生态系统土壤细菌优势类群—变形菌群落的影响[J].土壤学报,2012,49(2):149–158.
[8]Hutter G,Schlagenhauf U,Valenza G,et al.Molecular analysis of bacteria in periodontitis:evaluation of clone libraries,novel phylotypes and putative pathogens[J].Microbiology,2003,149:67–75.
[9]White T J,Bruns T,Lee S,et al.Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.In:Innis MA,Gefand DH,Sninsky JJ,White TJ(eds)PCR protocols,a guide to methods and applications[M].Academic,San Diego,1990,pp315–322.
[10]吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].中国气象科学出版社,2006.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[12]Upchurch R,Chiu C Y,Everett K,et al.Differences in the composition and diversity of bacterial communities from agricultural and forest soils[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2008,40:1294–1305.
[13]Lukow T,Dunfield P F,Liesack W.Use of the T-RFLP technique to assess spatial and temporal changes in the bacterial community structure within an agricultural soil planted with transgenic and non-transgenic potato plants[J].FEMS Microbiol Ecol,2000,32(3):241–247.
[14]毕明丽,宇万太.农田生态系统微生物多样性研究方法及应用[J].土壤通报,2009,40(6):1460–1466.
[15]Kamaa M,Mburu H,Blanchart E,et al.Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil bacterial and fungal microbial diversity in the Kabete long-term trial,Kenya[J].Biol Fertil Soils,2011,47:315–321.
[16]李东坡,武志杰,陈利军.有机农业施肥方式对土壤微生物活性的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(2):99–101.
[17]Tu C,Ristaino J B,Hu S.Soil microbial biomass and activity in organic tomato farming systems:effects of organic inputs and straw mulching[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2006,38(2):247–255.
[18]Chen X,Su Y,He X,et al.Soil bacterial community composition and diversity respond to cultivation in Karst ecosystems[J].World J Microbiol Biot,2012,28(1):205-213.
[19]王娜,吕国忠,孙晓东,等.山东省烟草根际土壤真菌多样性研究[J].菌物研究,2012,10(1):31–40.
[20]张永春,方宇澄,黄镇.烟草主要土传病害拮抗微生物菌株的筛选[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(8):93–94.