民族认同感测量:基于社会关系图和知识水平的方法
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- 英文论文题名：Measurement of National Identity Base on the Sociogram and the Knowledge Level
- 论文作者：卫静远 ; 吴瑞林
- 英文论文作者：Wei Jingyuan ; Wu Ruilin ; Department of psychology ; Beihang University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：北京航空航天大学心理学系;
- 论文关键词：民族认同 ; 少数民族 ; 社会关系图 ; 心理测量
- 英文论文关键词：national identity ; ethnic minority ; sociogram ; psychometrics
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：C955
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：771k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
对于少数民族同胞来说,民族认同不仅指其对自己民族的认同,也包括对中华民族的认同;对于汉族来说,也同样存在着对汉族的认同和对中华民族的认同。民族认同感的测量一直是心理学中较难解决的问题,直接进行普通的自陈式测验容易导致过强的社会期许效应和过高的表面效度,从而很难获取被试的真实反应。此外,现有的民族认同量表多数来源于Phinney的发展理论和社会认同理论,将测量结构分为探索和承诺两个维度。但在我国少数民族明显聚居的情况下,这样的结构并不完全适用。为了克服上述问题,我们探索了社会关系图和知识水平两种不同的方法,用以测量少数民族同胞的身份认同感,主要关注对中华民族身份的认同。基于社会关系图的方法是请被试用三个圆圈来分别代表汉族、藏族和蒙古族及他们之间的关系,测量指标有圆圈的排列方式与顺序、圆圈直径、圆圈间关系与距离、圆圈间连线形式等;基于知识水平的方法是通过考察被试对中华民族历史文化等方面常识的认知来反映其民族认同感。为考察这两种方法的效度,采用在以往研究中广泛使用的情感态度、行为倾向作为效标,同时体现在调查问卷中。对青海省黄南州2153名小学六年级学生进行集体施测,结果发现:(1)基于社会关系图和知识水平的方法其校标关联效度满足心理测量学的要求;(2)圆圈的排列方式主要为直线式和三角式,在直线式中被试更倾向于先画出代表自己民族的圆圈;(3)被试在民族认同知识水平上的得分越高,其所画圆圈的直径与圆圈间距越一致;(4)所画圆圈边缘相接或有交叉重叠的被试,其民族认同程度显著高于所画圆圈无接触的被试。
For ethnic minorities, ethnic identity refers not only to its own ethnic identity, but also the identity of the Chinese nation; it is the same for the Han ethnic group. In the field of psychology, measurement of the national identity is still an unsolved question: the ordinary self-report test is usually hard to obtain participants' real response, since which with strong social desirability effect and high face validity. Furthermore, the previous national identity scales are derived mostly from Phinney's development theory and social identity theory, its measurement structure can be divided into two dimensions: exploration and commitment. But in consideration that Chinese ethnic minorities are significantly clustered, the Phinney's structure is not appropriate in China. In order to circumvent the above problems, we explored two different methods: measure by the sociogram and the knowledge level. The current study mainly focuses on ethnic minorities' identity of the Chinese nation. In the sociogram test, participants are asked to draw three circles respectively to represent the Han, Tibetan, and Mongolian and also to indicate their relationship. The sociograms are encoded by 4 graduate students one case by one case, that are divided to categories regarding to circles' arrangement, sequence, diameter and the relationship between the circles. In the knowledge level test, participants are asked to response their knowledge of eight common-sense questions about Chinese history and culture to reflect their identity of the Chinese nation. Conventional emotional attitude and behavior tendency are measured as criterions to explore the validity of the two methods. Totally 2153 sixth grade students in elementary school of Qinghai province participate in the investigation. The results show that:(1) the criterion-related validity of these two methods meet the requirements of psychometrics;(2) the arrangement of the circles are mainly linear and triangle, participants in linear mode are more inclined to draw the first circle to represent their own ethnic;(3) participants' knowledge level of national identity is higher, the diameter and the spacing of the circles are more consistent;(4) participants whose circles are contiguous or overlapped, compared with the participants whose circles are detached, have a significantly higher degree in identity of the Chinese nation.
For ethnic minorities, ethnic identity refers not only to its own ethnic identity, but also the identity of the Chinese nation; it is the same for the Han ethnic group. In the field of psychology, measurement of the national identity is still an unsolved question: the ordinary self-report test is usually hard to obtain participants' real response, since which with strong social desirability effect and high face validity. Furthermore, the previous national identity scales are derived mostly from Phinney's development theory and social identity theory, its measurement structure can be divided into two dimensions: exploration and commitment. But in consideration that Chinese ethnic minorities are significantly clustered, the Phinney's structure is not appropriate in China. In order to circumvent the above problems, we explored two different methods: measure by the sociogram and the knowledge level. The current study mainly focuses on ethnic minorities' identity of the Chinese nation. In the sociogram test, participants are asked to draw three circles respectively to represent the Han, Tibetan, and Mongolian and also to indicate their relationship. The sociograms are encoded by 4 graduate students one case by one case, that are divided to categories regarding to circles' arrangement, sequence, diameter and the relationship between the circles. In the knowledge level test, participants are asked to response their knowledge of eight common-sense questions about Chinese history and culture to reflect their identity of the Chinese nation. Conventional emotional attitude and behavior tendency are measured as criterions to explore the validity of the two methods. Totally 2153 sixth grade students in elementary school of Qinghai province participate in the investigation. The results show that:(1) the criterion-related validity of these two methods meet the requirements of psychometrics;(2) the arrangement of the circles are mainly linear and triangle, participants in linear mode are more inclined to draw the first circle to represent their own ethnic;(3) participants' knowledge level of national identity is higher, the diameter and the spacing of the circles are more consistent;(4) participants whose circles are contiguous or overlapped, compared with the participants whose circles are detached, have a significantly higher degree in identity of the Chinese nation.
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