任务中断对空中交通管制员情境意识的影响

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• 英文论文题名：Effect of Task Interruption on the Situation Awareness of Air Traffic Controllers
• 论文作者：周坤 ; 唐辉 ; 解思琪
• 英文论文作者：Zhou Kun ; Tang Hui ; Xie Si-Qi ; College of Safety Science & Engineering ; Civil Aviation University of China ; School of Vocational Education ; Tianjin University of Technology and Education
• 年：2015
• 作者机构：中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院;天津职业技术师范大学职业教育学院;
• 论文关键词：空中交通管制员 ; 情境意识 ; 任务中断 ; 感觉通道 ; 跨通道效应
• 英文论文关键词：air traffic controller ; situation awareness ; task interruption ; sensory modalities ; cross-modality effect
• 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
• 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
• 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
• 语种：中文
• 分类号：B842.7
• 学会代码：ZGXG
• 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
• 会议地点：中国天津
• 主办单位：中国心理学会
• 学会名称：中国心理学会
• 页数：2
• 文件大小：767k
• 原文格式：D
• 会议级别：全国

摘要

情境意识是影响空中交通管制员判断与决策的关键因素之一。然而,多个航空情境任务的交叉运行,往往会使管制员频繁地面临航空情境任务的中断与转换。为探究任务中断对管制员情境意识的影响及机制,实验1征募了44名即将从事空中交通管制工作的空管专业毕业生进行实验,结果发现任务中断对被试的情境意识具有显著危害,雷达管制模拟任务执行过程中的任务中断会显著降低被试的情境意识水平;实验2以80名空管专业毕业生为被试,采用2(主任务感觉通道:视觉vs.听觉)×2(次任务感觉通道:视觉vs.听觉)的双因素被试间设计,进一步发现任务中断对被试情境意识的危害程度受主/次任务所占用感觉通道的调节,相同感觉通道的任务中断比视听跨通道的任务中断危害更大。在实验2所设定的四种实验条件中,被试的情境意识水平差异显著,按高低顺序依次为:M视觉-视觉Multiple intersecting aviation situational tasks often make the air traffic controllers(ATCOs) frequently face the interruption and switching of tasks. In order to investigate the effect of task interruption on the situation awareness(SA) of the ATCOs, we conducted two experiments. In Experiment 1, which involved 44 new graduates who were going to start working in air-traffic control(ATC), we found that task interruption significantly reduced the SA level of the participants. In Experiment 2, which included 80 new ATC graduates as participants, we used a 2(sensory modalities involved in the primary task: visual vs. auditory) × 2(sensory modalities involved in the secondary task: visual vs. auditory), between-subjects design and found that the negative impact of task interruption on the SA was moderated by interruption modality. Interruption that occurs in the same modality as the primary task produced greater decline than cross modal interruption. Compared to auditory task interruption, visual task interruption caused a greater decline in the SA, and visual task insertion also caused greater adversely impact to SA than auditory task insertion. The cross-modality moderation of the task-interruption effect on SA reported here could be useful in improving the SA of the ATCOs by providing insight into the proper design of human-computer interaction in an ATC automation system.

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