基于虚拟仿真的城市公园的防灾避难服务范围模拟研究
详细信息 查看官网全文
- 英文论文题名：Study on the Safe Area of Disaster Prevention and Evacuation in the City Park based on the Virtual Simulation Technology
- 论文作者：杨杰莹 ; 冯瑶 ; 邵明琦
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院景观系、景观规划与生态研究所;
- 论文关键词：高密度社区 ; 安全范围 ; Building EXODUS ; 疏散人数 ; 疏散时间
- 英文论文关键词：High-density Communities ; Safe Area ; Building EXODUS ; The Number of Evacuees ; Evacuation Time
- 会议召开时间：2016-09-23
- 会议录名称：中国风景园林学会2016年会论文集
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：TU986.5;TU984.116
- 学会代码：ZGFV
- 会议名称：中国风景园林学会2016年会
- 会议地点：中国广西南宁
- 主办单位：中国风景园林学会
- 学会名称：中国风景园林学会
- 页数：5
- 文件大小：976k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
国内外城市灾害和突发事件频有发生,城市公园具有为居民提供防灾避难、救援等保障生命安全的功能。城市公园防灾避难服务范围的合理划定成为国家防灾减灾规划研究的重要前提。国家制定的相关标准中,根据公共空间的防灾等级确定防灾避难服务范围的方法,并不适合高密度社区内城市公园防灾避难服务范围的划定,可能导致其对应疏散范围内的人数过大,使实际的人均有效面积低于规定的人均有效面积。本文以哈尔滨儿童公园为例,结合Building EXODUS软件进行疏散模拟,对其防灾避难服务范围的划定方法进行探讨,分别得到满足最佳疏散比率的安全范围、满足最佳疏散半径划定方法的安全范围和满足最佳疏散距离的安全范围三种方法。模拟结果发现,三种方法划定的防灾避难服务范围对应的疏散人数接近公园可容纳的人数,又极大缩短了不必要的时间延误。同时,总结了三种方法所适用的场地类型。高密度社区内城市公园防灾避难服务范围划定方法的研究,为进一步的疏散优化策略研究提供研究基础。
Recently,there are various unexpected disasters and emergencies on the worldwide scale.City Park has provided the function for disaster prevention and rescue to protect the safety of the residents.It is the reasonable delineation of the service area for the disaster prevention of the city park that plays an important role in the research area of National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan.In the relevant national norms we should determine the service area of the public space according to the ability of disaster prevention of it,but the method is not suitable for the city park in the high-density communities.It may lead more evacuees to enter the park and the actual effective area of disaster prevention for one evacuee is less than the predetermined.This study suggests the method of the area of services of disaster shelters in Harbin Children' Park.And we obtained three kinds of methods,including the safe area to meet the best ratio of evacuation,the safe area to meet best way of defining the evacuation radius,the safe area to meet best distance of evacuation.According to analysis of the results of the virtual simulation of evacuation based on the Building EXODUS,these methods let appropriate number of evacuee to enter into the park and shorten the evacuation time.At the same time,we summarize the law that the methods suitable for all kinds of public space.The research on the reasonable delineation of the service area for the city park in the high-density communities,provides basis for further research on the optimization strategy of evacuation.
Recently,there are various unexpected disasters and emergencies on the worldwide scale.City Park has provided the function for disaster prevention and rescue to protect the safety of the residents.It is the reasonable delineation of the service area for the disaster prevention of the city park that plays an important role in the research area of National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan.In the relevant national norms we should determine the service area of the public space according to the ability of disaster prevention of it,but the method is not suitable for the city park in the high-density communities.It may lead more evacuees to enter the park and the actual effective area of disaster prevention for one evacuee is less than the predetermined.This study suggests the method of the area of services of disaster shelters in Harbin Children' Park.And we obtained three kinds of methods,including the safe area to meet the best ratio of evacuation,the safe area to meet best way of defining the evacuation radius,the safe area to meet best distance of evacuation.According to analysis of the results of the virtual simulation of evacuation based on the Building EXODUS,these methods let appropriate number of evacuee to enter into the park and shorten the evacuation time.At the same time,we summarize the law that the methods suitable for all kinds of public space.The research on the reasonable delineation of the service area for the city park in the high-density communities,provides basis for further research on the optimization strategy of evacuation.
引文
[1]张辉,黄金玲.大都市高密度社区公共空间的设计——以广州市珠江新城高密度社区为例[J].绿色科技,2013(02):81-84.
[2]廖曙江,江宁.重庆市城市社区级防灾疏散避难场所规划研究[J].建筑防火设计,2011(02):106-109.
[3]张培,张靖岩,王佳,朱立新.城市社区应急避难场所区位配置模型研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015(06):172-176.
[4]胡映洁,吕斌.城市社区空间应急疏散能力评价模型构建及其应用——以北京市交道口社区为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015(01):120-124.
[5]冯启民,孙峥,颜锋,等.城市社区抗震能力模糊综合评价模型[J].世界地震工程,2007(03):1-5.
[6]徐波,关贤军,尤建新.城市防灾避难空间优化模型[J].土木工程学报,2008(01):93 98.
[7]叶明武,王军,刘耀龙,等.基于GIS的上海中心城区公园避难可达性研究[J].地理与地理信息科学学报,2008(03):96-103.
[8]#12
[9]李树华.防灾避险型城市绿地规划设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2010
[10]单宝艳.郭金金.基于GIS空间分析的城市避震疏散规划研究[J].测绘通报,2014(01):86-89.
[11]Steve Gwynne,Edwin R.Galea.EXODUS模拟王府井大街疏散前和疏散初级阶段自由行人的运动[J].火灾科学与消防工程国际学术会议论文集,2003
[12]赵江平,田海啸,宋倩文,等.氯气泄漏事故区域应急疏散研究——以西安某化工厂氯气储罐为例[J].中国安全科学学报.2014(01);163-169.
[13]冯瑶,张露思,刘晓光.基于城市绿色基础设施理论的“景现游憩原理”课程教学研究[J].中国建筑教育,2015(12):
[14]冯瑶.国家自然科学基金青年项目:基于虚拟仿真技术的城市公共空间安全疏散模型研究(51208135),2013-2015:37-45
[15]冯瑶.黑龙江省青年科学基金:基于虚拟仿真技术的城市开放空间应急疏散模拟系统的关键问题研究(QC2011C098/E0802),2012-2015.
[16]Feng Yao,Zhang Lusi,Understanding of Landscape Architecture Design in Japan(EI.20130215884543),《Advanced Materials Research》,2012.10,2840-2845.
[17]Feng Yao,Liu xiaoguang,Study on Application of Immersion VR System into Disaster Prevention Education-Take the study on facilities for Tokyo disaster prevention education as an example(ISTP:000298969300014),Risk reduction and disaster management 2010,2010.11,P78-85.
[18]Feng Yao,Zhang Lusi,Shao Mingqi,Meng Qi.Discussion on the construction of disaster prevention green infrastructure network planning,2015 4th National Conference on Electrical,Electronics and Computer Engineering(NCEECE2015),2015.12,P1211-1217.
[19]Feng Yao,Yang Jieying,Shao Mingqi,Zhu Bingmiao.Research on strategies of safety evacuation simulation in the urban public space based on virtual simulation technology,2015 4th National Conference on Electrical,Electronics and Computer Engineering(NCEECE 2015),2015.12,P1218-1223.
[2]廖曙江,江宁.重庆市城市社区级防灾疏散避难场所规划研究[J].建筑防火设计,2011(02):106-109.
[3]张培,张靖岩,王佳,朱立新.城市社区应急避难场所区位配置模型研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015(06):172-176.
[4]胡映洁,吕斌.城市社区空间应急疏散能力评价模型构建及其应用——以北京市交道口社区为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015(01):120-124.
[5]冯启民,孙峥,颜锋,等.城市社区抗震能力模糊综合评价模型[J].世界地震工程,2007(03):1-5.
[6]徐波,关贤军,尤建新.城市防灾避难空间优化模型[J].土木工程学报,2008(01):93 98.
[7]叶明武,王军,刘耀龙,等.基于GIS的上海中心城区公园避难可达性研究[J].地理与地理信息科学学报,2008(03):96-103.
[8]#12
[9]李树华.防灾避险型城市绿地规划设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2010
[10]单宝艳.郭金金.基于GIS空间分析的城市避震疏散规划研究[J].测绘通报,2014(01):86-89.
[11]Steve Gwynne,Edwin R.Galea.EXODUS模拟王府井大街疏散前和疏散初级阶段自由行人的运动[J].火灾科学与消防工程国际学术会议论文集,2003
[12]赵江平,田海啸,宋倩文,等.氯气泄漏事故区域应急疏散研究——以西安某化工厂氯气储罐为例[J].中国安全科学学报.2014(01);163-169.
[13]冯瑶,张露思,刘晓光.基于城市绿色基础设施理论的“景现游憩原理”课程教学研究[J].中国建筑教育,2015(12):
[14]冯瑶.国家自然科学基金青年项目:基于虚拟仿真技术的城市公共空间安全疏散模型研究(51208135),2013-2015:37-45
[15]冯瑶.黑龙江省青年科学基金:基于虚拟仿真技术的城市开放空间应急疏散模拟系统的关键问题研究(QC2011C098/E0802),2012-2015.
[16]Feng Yao,Zhang Lusi,Understanding of Landscape Architecture Design in Japan(EI.20130215884543),《Advanced Materials Research》,2012.10,2840-2845.
[17]Feng Yao,Liu xiaoguang,Study on Application of Immersion VR System into Disaster Prevention Education-Take the study on facilities for Tokyo disaster prevention education as an example(ISTP:000298969300014),Risk reduction and disaster management 2010,2010.11,P78-85.
[18]Feng Yao,Zhang Lusi,Shao Mingqi,Meng Qi.Discussion on the construction of disaster prevention green infrastructure network planning,2015 4th National Conference on Electrical,Electronics and Computer Engineering(NCEECE2015),2015.12,P1211-1217.
[19]Feng Yao,Yang Jieying,Shao Mingqi,Zhu Bingmiao.Research on strategies of safety evacuation simulation in the urban public space based on virtual simulation technology,2015 4th National Conference on Electrical,Electronics and Computer Engineering(NCEECE 2015),2015.12,P1218-1223.