为群体决策更保守?责任感增强群体代表的风险规避
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- 英文论文题名：Risk Aversion for a Group?Responsibility Increase Risk Aversion of Group Representative
- 论文作者：汪祚军 ; 匡仪 ; 陈嫒 ; 唐辉一 ; 袁博
- 英文论文作者：Zuo-Jun Wang ; Yi Kuang ; Ai Chen ; Hui-yi Tang ; Bo Yuan ; Department of Psychology ; Ningbo University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：宁波大学心理学系暨研究所;
- 论文关键词：为群体决策 ; 风险规避 ; 责任分散
- 英文论文关键词：group representative ; risk aversion ; diffusion-of-responsibility
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：C934
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：822k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
现实生活中,人们不仅要为自己做决策,而且经常要为群体做决策。虽然以往大量研究考察了个体决策(不涉及到决策结果对他人的影响),以及"群体决策"(通过群体讨论后做出一致性决策),但少有研究考察"为群体决策"时的风险偏好。本研究假设,在为群体决策时,由于个体需要独自做出决策,需要承担对决策后果所负的责任,因而会比个体决策时更保守。本研究1在获益框架下,通过让被试完成仿真气球任务(Balloon Analogue Risk Task)来考察为群体决策和为个体决策的差异,结果发现,为群体决策时比为个体决策时更保守:为群体决策时点爆的气球数和未爆气球被点击的平均次数更少。本研究2在控制金钱量级的条件下,通过让被试完成抽球任务(Marble Risk Task)来考察为群体决策和为个体决策的差异。在该任务中,被试可以在一个装有10个乒乓球的罐子中抽球,其中9个白球,1个黄球;每抽中一个白球则获得相应的金钱奖励,抽到黄球则损失掉之前的获益。结果发现,在为群体决策时,被试更保守:抽球的个数更少。研究3在可能存在损失的框架下考察为群体决策和为个体决策的差异。被试可以选择是否愿意玩一个70%的概率获得$5,30%的概率损失$5的真实金钱赌博任务。结果发现,相比为自己决策,在为群体决策时更多被试选择放弃。本研究结果一致表明,为群体决策时相比为个体决策时更保守。
Individuals often make risk decisions acting as part of, or representing, a group, which impact outcomes of others as well as their own. Notwithstanding its importance, researchers are only beginning to understand group representative decisions. This paper examined the hypothesis that group representatives exhibit more risk aversion because of sense of responsibility, compared to when they make decisions solely for themselves. The hypothesis was tested in situations where the sense of responsibility felt by representatives was real and salient, that is, when the concern of payoff inequality is controlled for, when the decisions impact groups(rather than dyads), when each choice is directly related to final outcomes, as well as when representatives face potential loss of others' money. The results in three studies provided consistently supporting evidence for the hypothesis.
Individuals often make risk decisions acting as part of, or representing, a group, which impact outcomes of others as well as their own. Notwithstanding its importance, researchers are only beginning to understand group representative decisions. This paper examined the hypothesis that group representatives exhibit more risk aversion because of sense of responsibility, compared to when they make decisions solely for themselves. The hypothesis was tested in situations where the sense of responsibility felt by representatives was real and salient, that is, when the concern of payoff inequality is controlled for, when the decisions impact groups(rather than dyads), when each choice is directly related to final outcomes, as well as when representatives face potential loss of others' money. The results in three studies provided consistently supporting evidence for the hypothesis.
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