不同经验教师对学生体育课堂危险行为加工的眼动研究
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- 英文论文题名：Different Experience Teachers' gaze in Students' PE Class Risk Behaviors:An Eye Movements Study
- 论文作者：王子涵 ; 张凯
- 英文论文作者：Wang Zi-han ; Zhang Kai ; Beijing Sports University Institute of education
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：北京体育大学教育学院;
- 论文关键词：不同经验教师 ; 体育课堂 ; 危险行为 ; 眼动
- 英文论文关键词：Different Experience Teacher ; PE Class ; Risk Behavior ; Eye Movement
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：G804.8;G807
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：752k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
教师的信息加工能力已经成为教师教学能力的核心部分,随着教师教学年限的增长以及知识经验的积累而提高。以往研究多是学科教师对静态课堂信息加工的研究,还没有体育教师对动态课堂加工的研究。对于体育课堂的危险行为,在以往研究中,有研究者通过问卷调查和访谈的方法对其进行了研究,但并未对不同经验的体育教师对课堂危险行为注意的差异进行研究。本研究选取17名不同经验的体育教师,让其观看前滚翻课程的视频,并记录其眼动信息。先对视频进行兴趣区的划分,根据前滚翻动作项目的特征,按照前滚翻动作易发生危险状况点即手部动作、预备动作、翻滚过程、打闹行为、秩序问题和器材问题划分兴趣区,并对数据进行分析。结果表明:新手教师需要比熟手和专家教师更多的时间来发现可能引发危险行为的状况点,且注视的持续时间会比较长,这是由于新手教师的教学经验少,在观察学生动作时,不能很快地抓住动作的要点,需要较长的时间才能分辨;在注视点持续时间和总和上,熟手教师的注视时间要少于新手和专家教师,熟手教师处于一个新手和专家之间的过渡阶段,相对于新手教师有着更多的教学经验,但这个时候教师容易在思想上出现一个懈怠期,认为自己可以很好地掌控课堂,因此注视时间要短于新手;而当熟手成长为专家教师,已经具备良好的识别能力,确保危险不会发生,并能察觉到新手熟手教师察觉不到的问题;新手教师对打闹行为和秩序问题给予了更多的关注,由于新手教师不能很好的掌控课堂,一旦出现此类问题,总是会引起他们更多的关注,而熟手和专家教师则能比较好的应对这类问题,不因为这类问题的出现而影响对课堂的整体关注。专家教师更加重视前滚翻动作的翻滚过程,关注的重心始终在教学上。
Teachers' information processing ability has become the core part of the teachers' teaching ability, and this ability has been improved with the experience knowledge developing. The previous research are especially focus on the difference of the static information on processing of class, therefore, there has no research on the difference of the dynamic information on processing of class before.For the PE class risk behaviors, in previous research, someone had studies through the method of questionnaire investigation and interview, however, there has no study which is on the difference of the capacity of students' PE class risk behaviors on processing between different experienced teachers. This research study selected 17 different experience PE teachers, and let them watch the video of forward roll class, then record their eye movement data.Before analysis, according to the characteristics of forward roll, in accordance with the forward roll risk points which include hand action, prepare action, rollover process, slapstick behavior, order and equipment problem divide the region of interest(ROI),and finally analysis the data.The results show that: the novice teachers need more time to find the risk behavior than the proficient teachers and the expert teachers, and the first fixation duration is also longer. This is because the novice teachers have less teaching experience, so they cannot fast catch the point of the action while they observe the students' behavior and need more time to distinguish. The proficient teachers need less time than the novice teachers and the expert teachers in fixation duration and total time of fixation duration. The proficient teachers is in the excessive stage between the novice teachers and the expert teachers, they have more teaching experience than novice teachers and this will lead them to burnout, they are confident to manage the class well, so they take less time to fix on the students than novice teachers. And the proficient teachers have better capacity of distinguish when they have grown to expert teachers so that they can insure the risk behavior would not happen in the PE class. The novice teachers pay more attention to slapstick behavior and the order problem. The novice teachers can not control the class well, so as long as the problem appear, they will pay more and more attention on the problem. To the contrary, the proficient teachers and the expert teachers can make this well, and they will not influenced by appeared problem to focus on the whole class. The expert teachers pay more attention on the rollover process of the forward roll action, the core they concern is always on the teaching.
Teachers' information processing ability has become the core part of the teachers' teaching ability, and this ability has been improved with the experience knowledge developing. The previous research are especially focus on the difference of the static information on processing of class, therefore, there has no research on the difference of the dynamic information on processing of class before.For the PE class risk behaviors, in previous research, someone had studies through the method of questionnaire investigation and interview, however, there has no study which is on the difference of the capacity of students' PE class risk behaviors on processing between different experienced teachers. This research study selected 17 different experience PE teachers, and let them watch the video of forward roll class, then record their eye movement data.Before analysis, according to the characteristics of forward roll, in accordance with the forward roll risk points which include hand action, prepare action, rollover process, slapstick behavior, order and equipment problem divide the region of interest(ROI),and finally analysis the data.The results show that: the novice teachers need more time to find the risk behavior than the proficient teachers and the expert teachers, and the first fixation duration is also longer. This is because the novice teachers have less teaching experience, so they cannot fast catch the point of the action while they observe the students' behavior and need more time to distinguish. The proficient teachers need less time than the novice teachers and the expert teachers in fixation duration and total time of fixation duration. The proficient teachers is in the excessive stage between the novice teachers and the expert teachers, they have more teaching experience than novice teachers and this will lead them to burnout, they are confident to manage the class well, so they take less time to fix on the students than novice teachers. And the proficient teachers have better capacity of distinguish when they have grown to expert teachers so that they can insure the risk behavior would not happen in the PE class. The novice teachers pay more attention to slapstick behavior and the order problem. The novice teachers can not control the class well, so as long as the problem appear, they will pay more and more attention on the problem. To the contrary, the proficient teachers and the expert teachers can make this well, and they will not influenced by appeared problem to focus on the whole class. The expert teachers pay more attention on the rollover process of the forward roll action, the core they concern is always on the teaching.
引文