中国人的社会认知的理论构建和初步证据:来自自我认知和名利博弈的证据
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- 英文论文题名：Theory Construction and Preliminary Evidence of Chinese People's Social Cognition:Evidences from Self-Cognition and Reputation-Profit Game
- 论文作者：王沛
- 英文论文作者：Pei Wang ; Department of psychology ; Shanghai Normal University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：上海师范大学心理学系;
- 论文关键词：社会认知 ; 他位认知 ; 三重自我 ; 名利博弈
- 英文论文关键词：social cognition ; he-based cognition ; tripartite model of self-construal ; reputation-profit game
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：C912.6
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：805k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
社会认知是指个体对社会性客体和社会现象及其关系的感知与理解,可以分为自我认知、人际认知、群际认知以及以社会决策为核心的社会事件认知。与西方传统的"自我本位"取向不同,中国人社会认知的根本特点为重视以"群际认知(阶层认知)"为代表的"他位认知"。自我认知与社会事件认知层面的研究初步支持了中国人的社会认知理论。在自我认知层面,着重于对中国人的三重自我的特征进行探索。通过使用改编的自我威胁范式,从个体自我、关系自我、集体自我的动机性地位及其相互关系的角度,考察三重自我受到威胁时,个体在自我定义和情绪反应上的变化,以此初步从行为层面证明中国人的"他位认知"特征。结果表明个体自我与关系自我的地位接近,并且都比集体自我更优先;关系自我威胁能够引发最强烈的负性情绪。在此基础上,通过使用启动方式,以家人作为关系自我,以国家作为集体自我,借助ERPs技术探讨中国人三重自我建构的加工特点。结果表明自我建构占据加工优势取决于具体的加工阶段,早期加工阶段,集体自我占加工优势,晚期加工阶段,个体自我占加工优势,支持了三种自我主导性的情境性假设。在社会事件认知层面,着重于考察面对名与利不可兼得的名利博弈情境时个体的决策倾向。为初步验证他位认知的重要性,通过营造虚拟情境,分别在捐赠、贸易等任务中操纵名声信息接收方的能力与社会距离,前者代表名声带来回报的客观价值,后者代表名声带来回报的主观价值。结果表明在名利博弈任务中,名声信息接受者的身份会对名利博弈倾向产生影响,在无风险的捐赠情境中,博弈者在高能力他人面前捐得更多,更倾向于获得好名声,在有风险的贸易情境中,博弈者在他人低能力的情况下,在社会距离近的他人面前做出的定价更低,更倾向于获得好名声,表明名利博弈中"他位认知"具有重要的地位。以上结果支持了中国人社会认知的"他位认知"特点,为中国人社会认知的理论建构提供了初步的证据。
Social cognition, which can be divided into self-cognition, interpersonal-cognition, intergroup-cognition and social-event cognition, is the perception and recognition of social objects, social phenomena and the relations among them. Being different from the own-based cognition view which is widely accepted in the western, he-based cognition which focuses on the intergroup cognition(or, hierarchy cognition) should be the kernel of Chinese people's social cognition. Studies on self-cognition and social-event cognition have provided evidences to support the theory of Chinese people's social cognition. In the field of self-cognition, the character of tripartite model of self-construal on Chinese has been studied. By adopting self-threat paradigm, we focused on the influence of the tripartite self-threat on self-definition and affect to test the relative motivational-primacy of the selves and reveal the he-based cognition features. Results showed that the motivational status of the individual self and the relational self is similar; both of which are more primary than the collective self; the relational self-threat can lead to the most negative mood. On this base, the processing of tripartite model of self-construal was studied by using priming paradigm with the help of ERPs. In this study, parents were used as relational self and nation was used as collective self. Results showed that in the early stage, collective self becomes the primary one; in the late stage, individual self turns to be the primary one. This finding supports the situational primacy hypothesis. In the field social-event cognition, reputation-profit game, which focus on the choosing between reputation and material benefits, have been studied. In order to demonstrate the importance of he-based cognition, virtual situations about donation and bargain were set up. Ability and social distance which come from the identity of the reputation information receiver was manipulated. The former one represents for the objective amount of material return and the latter one represents for the subjective amount of material return. Results showed that the identity does have an effect on the tendency of choosing. To be specific, in donation task, which is risk-free, the amount of donation was higher(tending to obtain a good reputation) before an observer with high ability; in bargain task, which is risky, the price participants set is lower(tending to obtain a good reputation) before an observer whose ability is low and social distance is close than an observer whose ability is low while social distance is far. This result shows the he-based cognition feature of social-event cognition. Our findings support the he-based cognition view, and provide primarily evidences to the theory construction of Chinese people's social cognition.
Social cognition, which can be divided into self-cognition, interpersonal-cognition, intergroup-cognition and social-event cognition, is the perception and recognition of social objects, social phenomena and the relations among them. Being different from the own-based cognition view which is widely accepted in the western, he-based cognition which focuses on the intergroup cognition(or, hierarchy cognition) should be the kernel of Chinese people's social cognition. Studies on self-cognition and social-event cognition have provided evidences to support the theory of Chinese people's social cognition. In the field of self-cognition, the character of tripartite model of self-construal on Chinese has been studied. By adopting self-threat paradigm, we focused on the influence of the tripartite self-threat on self-definition and affect to test the relative motivational-primacy of the selves and reveal the he-based cognition features. Results showed that the motivational status of the individual self and the relational self is similar; both of which are more primary than the collective self; the relational self-threat can lead to the most negative mood. On this base, the processing of tripartite model of self-construal was studied by using priming paradigm with the help of ERPs. In this study, parents were used as relational self and nation was used as collective self. Results showed that in the early stage, collective self becomes the primary one; in the late stage, individual self turns to be the primary one. This finding supports the situational primacy hypothesis. In the field social-event cognition, reputation-profit game, which focus on the choosing between reputation and material benefits, have been studied. In order to demonstrate the importance of he-based cognition, virtual situations about donation and bargain were set up. Ability and social distance which come from the identity of the reputation information receiver was manipulated. The former one represents for the objective amount of material return and the latter one represents for the subjective amount of material return. Results showed that the identity does have an effect on the tendency of choosing. To be specific, in donation task, which is risk-free, the amount of donation was higher(tending to obtain a good reputation) before an observer with high ability; in bargain task, which is risky, the price participants set is lower(tending to obtain a good reputation) before an observer whose ability is low and social distance is close than an observer whose ability is low while social distance is far. This result shows the he-based cognition feature of social-event cognition. Our findings support the he-based cognition view, and provide primarily evidences to the theory construction of Chinese people's social cognition.
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