水禽分子营养研究进展
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摘要
水禽产业已成为农业产业中的重要产业,水禽营养的相关研究工作取得了一系列突破性进展,但分子营养方面研究还比较薄弱,近些年的相关研究主要集中在早期营养调控方面。研究表明早期发育占据家禽整个生命周期中较大比例,孵化后期是水禽胚胎消化器官和肌肉组织发育的重要阶段,其发育的快慢决定着出壳后的生长性能。当孵化后期家禽消化器官快速发育及机体活动加快时,蛋中所能提供的能量不能满足其需求,进而需要动员骨骼肌提供氨基酸底物作为糖异生来源,参与骨骼肌中蛋白质分解代谢的途径主要有泛素途径和溶酶体途径。近年来的研究表明,孵化后期家禽胚胎能量紧缺后能量贮存发生动员,机体通过泛素蛋白酶体途径和溶酶体途径介导胸肌中蛋白质降解供能。通过孵化后期二糖(蔗糖+麦芽糖)和丙胺酰-谷氨酰胺的补充有利于胚胎机体能量贮存,同时对出壳后早期能量状态产生有利影响,进一步研究发现孵化后期能量贮存动员加快,能量的紧缺很可能抑制了骨骼肌中蛋白质的翻译起始,同时加快了泛素系统参与的蛋白质分解代谢,进而导致骨骼肌的负生长。当对孵化后期进行单独补充二糖或丙胺酰-谷氨酰胺时,可以缓解泛素系统所参与的蛋白质分解代谢,促进肉鸭骨骼肌早期生长。但目前的研究中发现胚胎期营养对小肠发育、骨骼肌生长以及肉鸭出壳后生长的影响仅限于出壳后很短时间,其时间效应性是否跟所提供的营养物质剂量有关,这些问题有待于进一步研究和证实。
引文
[1]侯水生.我国水禽产业转型升级的思考.中国畜牧业协会禽业分会特邀报告,2015.9.
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[3]Christensen V L,Grimes J L.Donaldson W E.Lerner S.Correlation of body weight with hatchling blood glucose concentration and its relationship to embryonic survival.Poult Sci,2000,79:1817-1822.
[4]Tezuka Y,Yokoe Y and Yamagami K.Glycogen phosphorylases in yolk sac and liver of developing chick.Annot Zool Jpn,1974,47:74-83.
[5]Lemanski L F,Aldoroty R.Role of acid phosphatase in the breakdown of yolk platelets in developing amphibian embryos.J Morphol,1977,153:419-426.
[6]Moran Jr E T.Nutrition of the developing embryo and hatchling.Poult Sci,2007,86:1043-1049.
[7]Sethi N and Brookes M.Ultrastructure of blood vessels in the chick allantois and chorioallantois.J Anat,1971,109:1-15.
[8]Speake B K and Deans E A.Biosynthesis of oleic,arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids from their C18 precursors in the yolk sac membrane of the avian embryo.Comp Biochem Physiol,2004,138:407-414.
[9]Uni Z.Smirnov A,Sklan D.Pre-and posthatch development of goblet cells in the broiler small intestine:effect of delayed access to feed.Poult Sci,2003,82:320-327.
[10]陈伟.孵化后期注射二糖和谷氨酰胺调控肉鸭小肠发育和骨骼肌生长研究.博士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[11]Romanoff A L.Biochemistry of the Avian Embryo:A qualitative analysis of prenatal development,inter-science.New York N Y USA,1967,277-292.
[12]Ballard F J and Oliver I T.Carbohydrate metabolism in liver from foetal and neonatal sheep.Biochem J,1965,95:191-200.
[13]Freeman B M.The importance of glycogen at the termination of the embryonic existence of Gallus Domesticus.Comp Biochem Physiol,1965,14:217-222.
[14]Foye O T.Ferket P R and Uni Z.Ontogeny of energy and carbohydrate utilisation of the precocial avian embryo and hatchling.Avi Poul Biol Rev,2007,18(3):93-101.
[15]Gross G H.Innervation of the complexus("hatching")muscle of the chick.J Comp Neurol,1985,232:180-189.
[16]George J C and Iype P T.The mechanism of hatching in the chick.Pavo,1963,1:52-56.
[17]Freeman B M.The importance of glycogen at the termination of the embryonic existence of Gallus Domesticus.Comp Biochem Physiol,1965,14:217-222.
[18]Viera S L,Moran E T.Effects of egg of origin and chick posthatch nutrition on broiler live performance and meat yields.Worlds Poult Sci J,1999,55.125-142.
[19]Noy Y,Geyra A,Sklan D.The effect of early feeding on growth and small intestinal development in the posthatch poult.Poult Sci,2001,80:912-919.
[20]Lecker S H,Solomon V,Mitch W E,Goldberg A L.Muscle protein breakdown and the critical role of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in normal and disease states.J Nutr,1999,129:227-237.
[21]Mitch W E,Goldberg A L.Mechanisms of muscle wasting.The role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.N Engl J Med,1996,335:1897-1905.
[22]Ciechanover A.Proteolysis:from the lysosome to ubiquitin and the proteasome.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2005,6(1):79-87.
[23]Lecker S H.Jagoe R T,Gomes M,et al..Multiple types of skeletal muscle atrophy involve a common program of changes in gene expression.FASEB J,2004,18:39-51.
[24]Wing S S and Goldberg A L.Glucocorticoids activate the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system in skeletal muscle during fasting.Am J Physiol,1993,264:668-676.
[25]Levine B and Kroemer G.SnapShot:Macroautophagy.Cell,2008,132-162.e1-162.e3.
[26]Lum J J,DeBerardinis R J and Thompson C B.Autophagy in metazoans:Cell survival in the land of plenty.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2005,6:439-448.
[27]Gulati P and Thomas G.Nutrient sensing in the mTOR/S6Kl signalling pathway.Biochem Soc Trans,2007,35:236-238.
[28]Mizushima N.Yamamoto A.Matsui M,et al..In vivo analysis of autophagy in response to nutrient starvation using transgenic mice expressing a fluorescent autophagosome marker.Mol Biol Cell,2004,15:1101-1111.
[29]Bechet D.Tassa A.Taillandier D,et al..Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.Int J Biochem Cell Biol,2005,37:2098-2114.
[30]Tako E,Ferket P R and Uni Z.Effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on the development of chicken intestine.Poult Sci,2004,83:2023-2028.
[31]Smirnov A,Tako E.Ferket P R,et al..Mucin gene expression and mucin content in the chicken intestinal goblet cells are affected by in ovo feeding of carbohydrates.Poult Sci,2006,85:1785-1192.
[32]Tako E.Ferket P R.Uni Z.Changes in chicken intestinal zinc exporter mRNA expression and small intestinal functionality following intra-amniotic zinc-methionine administration.J Nutr Chem,2005,16:339-346.
[33]Hager J E.Beane W L.Posthatch incubation time and early growth of broiler chickens,Poult Sci,1983,62(2):247-254.
[34]Noy Y.Sklan D.The effect of early feeding on growth and small intestinal development in the posthatch poult.Poult Sci,2001,80:912-919.
[35]Geyra A,Uni Z.Sklan D.The effect of fasting at different ages on growth and tissue dynamics in the small intestinal of the young chick.Br J Nutr,2001,86:53-61.
[36]Yi G F,Allee G L,Knight C D,et al..Impact of glutamine and oasis hatchling supplement on growth performance,small intestinal morphology,and immune response of broilers vaccinated and challenged with eimeria maxima.Poult Sci,2005,84:283-293.
[37]彭鹏.早期开食及外源腐胺对肉鸭生长性能和空肠发育的影响.硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
[38]Uni Z.Noy Y,Sklan D.Posthatch changes in morphology and function of the small intestines in heavy and lightstrain chicks.Poult Sci,1995,74:1622-1629.
[39]Noy Y.Sklan D.Yolk utilisation in the newly hatched poult.Br Poult Sci,1998,39:446-451.
[40]Siddons R C.Effect of diet on disaccharidase activity in the chick.Br J Nutr,1972,27:343-352.
[41]Uni Z.Noy Y.Sklan D.Posthatch development of small intestinal function in the poult.Poult Sci,1999,78:215-222.
[42]Mauro,A.Satellite cells of skeletal muscle fibres.J Biophys Biochem Cyto,1961,9:493-495.
[43]Campion D R.The muscle satellite celha review.Int Rev Cytol,1984,87:225-251.
[44]Moore D T.Ferket P R,Mozdziak P E.Muscle development in the late embryonic and early post-hatch poult.Int J Poult Sci,2005,4(3):138-142.
[45]Halevy O,Gerya A,Barak M.Uni Z.Sklan D.Early posthatch starvation decrease satellite cell proliferation and skeletal muscle growth in chicks.J Nutr,2000,130:858-864.
[46]Halevy O,Krispin A.Leshem Y,Mcmurtry J P,Yahav S.Early-age heat exposure affects skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in chicks.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2001,281:302-303.
[47]Pinchasov Y.Noy Y.Early postnatal amylolysis in the gastrointestinal tract of turkey poults.Comp Biochem Physiol,1994,106:221-225.
[48]Geyra A.Uni Z.Sklan D.Enterocyte dynamics and mucosal development in the posthatch chick.Poult Sci,2001,80:776-782.
[49]Canellakis E S,Viceps-Madore D.Kyriakidis D A,et al..The regulation and function of ornithine decarboxylase and of the polyamines.Curr Topics Cell Regul,1979,15:155-202.
[50]Dufour C,Dandrifosse G,Forget P,et al..Spermine and spermidine induce intestinal maturation in the rat.Gastroenterology,1988,95:112-116.
[2]Zhu M J,Ford S P.Nathanielsz P W,et al..Effect of maternal nutrient restriction in sheep on the development of fetal skeletal muscle.Biol Reprod,2004,71,1968-1973.
[3]Christensen V L,Grimes J L.Donaldson W E.Lerner S.Correlation of body weight with hatchling blood glucose concentration and its relationship to embryonic survival.Poult Sci,2000,79:1817-1822.
[4]Tezuka Y,Yokoe Y and Yamagami K.Glycogen phosphorylases in yolk sac and liver of developing chick.Annot Zool Jpn,1974,47:74-83.
[5]Lemanski L F,Aldoroty R.Role of acid phosphatase in the breakdown of yolk platelets in developing amphibian embryos.J Morphol,1977,153:419-426.
[6]Moran Jr E T.Nutrition of the developing embryo and hatchling.Poult Sci,2007,86:1043-1049.
[7]Sethi N and Brookes M.Ultrastructure of blood vessels in the chick allantois and chorioallantois.J Anat,1971,109:1-15.
[8]Speake B K and Deans E A.Biosynthesis of oleic,arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids from their C18 precursors in the yolk sac membrane of the avian embryo.Comp Biochem Physiol,2004,138:407-414.
[9]Uni Z.Smirnov A,Sklan D.Pre-and posthatch development of goblet cells in the broiler small intestine:effect of delayed access to feed.Poult Sci,2003,82:320-327.
[10]陈伟.孵化后期注射二糖和谷氨酰胺调控肉鸭小肠发育和骨骼肌生长研究.博士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2010.
[11]Romanoff A L.Biochemistry of the Avian Embryo:A qualitative analysis of prenatal development,inter-science.New York N Y USA,1967,277-292.
[12]Ballard F J and Oliver I T.Carbohydrate metabolism in liver from foetal and neonatal sheep.Biochem J,1965,95:191-200.
[13]Freeman B M.The importance of glycogen at the termination of the embryonic existence of Gallus Domesticus.Comp Biochem Physiol,1965,14:217-222.
[14]Foye O T.Ferket P R and Uni Z.Ontogeny of energy and carbohydrate utilisation of the precocial avian embryo and hatchling.Avi Poul Biol Rev,2007,18(3):93-101.
[15]Gross G H.Innervation of the complexus("hatching")muscle of the chick.J Comp Neurol,1985,232:180-189.
[16]George J C and Iype P T.The mechanism of hatching in the chick.Pavo,1963,1:52-56.
[17]Freeman B M.The importance of glycogen at the termination of the embryonic existence of Gallus Domesticus.Comp Biochem Physiol,1965,14:217-222.
[18]Viera S L,Moran E T.Effects of egg of origin and chick posthatch nutrition on broiler live performance and meat yields.Worlds Poult Sci J,1999,55.125-142.
[19]Noy Y,Geyra A,Sklan D.The effect of early feeding on growth and small intestinal development in the posthatch poult.Poult Sci,2001,80:912-919.
[20]Lecker S H,Solomon V,Mitch W E,Goldberg A L.Muscle protein breakdown and the critical role of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in normal and disease states.J Nutr,1999,129:227-237.
[21]Mitch W E,Goldberg A L.Mechanisms of muscle wasting.The role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.N Engl J Med,1996,335:1897-1905.
[22]Ciechanover A.Proteolysis:from the lysosome to ubiquitin and the proteasome.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2005,6(1):79-87.
[23]Lecker S H.Jagoe R T,Gomes M,et al..Multiple types of skeletal muscle atrophy involve a common program of changes in gene expression.FASEB J,2004,18:39-51.
[24]Wing S S and Goldberg A L.Glucocorticoids activate the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system in skeletal muscle during fasting.Am J Physiol,1993,264:668-676.
[25]Levine B and Kroemer G.SnapShot:Macroautophagy.Cell,2008,132-162.e1-162.e3.
[26]Lum J J,DeBerardinis R J and Thompson C B.Autophagy in metazoans:Cell survival in the land of plenty.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2005,6:439-448.
[27]Gulati P and Thomas G.Nutrient sensing in the mTOR/S6Kl signalling pathway.Biochem Soc Trans,2007,35:236-238.
[28]Mizushima N.Yamamoto A.Matsui M,et al..In vivo analysis of autophagy in response to nutrient starvation using transgenic mice expressing a fluorescent autophagosome marker.Mol Biol Cell,2004,15:1101-1111.
[29]Bechet D.Tassa A.Taillandier D,et al..Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.Int J Biochem Cell Biol,2005,37:2098-2114.
[30]Tako E,Ferket P R and Uni Z.Effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on the development of chicken intestine.Poult Sci,2004,83:2023-2028.
[31]Smirnov A,Tako E.Ferket P R,et al..Mucin gene expression and mucin content in the chicken intestinal goblet cells are affected by in ovo feeding of carbohydrates.Poult Sci,2006,85:1785-1192.
[32]Tako E.Ferket P R.Uni Z.Changes in chicken intestinal zinc exporter mRNA expression and small intestinal functionality following intra-amniotic zinc-methionine administration.J Nutr Chem,2005,16:339-346.
[33]Hager J E.Beane W L.Posthatch incubation time and early growth of broiler chickens,Poult Sci,1983,62(2):247-254.
[34]Noy Y.Sklan D.The effect of early feeding on growth and small intestinal development in the posthatch poult.Poult Sci,2001,80:912-919.
[35]Geyra A,Uni Z.Sklan D.The effect of fasting at different ages on growth and tissue dynamics in the small intestinal of the young chick.Br J Nutr,2001,86:53-61.
[36]Yi G F,Allee G L,Knight C D,et al..Impact of glutamine and oasis hatchling supplement on growth performance,small intestinal morphology,and immune response of broilers vaccinated and challenged with eimeria maxima.Poult Sci,2005,84:283-293.
[37]彭鹏.早期开食及外源腐胺对肉鸭生长性能和空肠发育的影响.硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
[38]Uni Z.Noy Y,Sklan D.Posthatch changes in morphology and function of the small intestines in heavy and lightstrain chicks.Poult Sci,1995,74:1622-1629.
[39]Noy Y.Sklan D.Yolk utilisation in the newly hatched poult.Br Poult Sci,1998,39:446-451.
[40]Siddons R C.Effect of diet on disaccharidase activity in the chick.Br J Nutr,1972,27:343-352.
[41]Uni Z.Noy Y.Sklan D.Posthatch development of small intestinal function in the poult.Poult Sci,1999,78:215-222.
[42]Mauro,A.Satellite cells of skeletal muscle fibres.J Biophys Biochem Cyto,1961,9:493-495.
[43]Campion D R.The muscle satellite celha review.Int Rev Cytol,1984,87:225-251.
[44]Moore D T.Ferket P R,Mozdziak P E.Muscle development in the late embryonic and early post-hatch poult.Int J Poult Sci,2005,4(3):138-142.
[45]Halevy O,Gerya A,Barak M.Uni Z.Sklan D.Early posthatch starvation decrease satellite cell proliferation and skeletal muscle growth in chicks.J Nutr,2000,130:858-864.
[46]Halevy O,Krispin A.Leshem Y,Mcmurtry J P,Yahav S.Early-age heat exposure affects skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in chicks.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2001,281:302-303.
[47]Pinchasov Y.Noy Y.Early postnatal amylolysis in the gastrointestinal tract of turkey poults.Comp Biochem Physiol,1994,106:221-225.
[48]Geyra A.Uni Z.Sklan D.Enterocyte dynamics and mucosal development in the posthatch chick.Poult Sci,2001,80:776-782.
[49]Canellakis E S,Viceps-Madore D.Kyriakidis D A,et al..The regulation and function of ornithine decarboxylase and of the polyamines.Curr Topics Cell Regul,1979,15:155-202.
[50]Dufour C,Dandrifosse G,Forget P,et al..Spermine and spermidine induce intestinal maturation in the rat.Gastroenterology,1988,95:112-116.