干扰刺激表征强度对负相容效应的调节作用
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- 英文论文题名：Distractor representation strength modulates the negative compatibility effect
- 论文作者：王永春 ; 戴东阳 ; 赵丽 ; 狄美琳 ; 魏连玉 ; 刘鹏 ; 王勇慧
- 英文论文作者：Yongchun Wang ; Dongyang Dai ; Li Zhao ; Meilin Di ; Lianyu Wei ; Peng Liu ; Yonghui Wang ; School of Psychology ; Shaanxi Normal University ; School of public management ; Northwest University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：陕西师范大学心理学院;西北大学公共管理学院;
- 论文关键词：负相容效应 ; 干扰刺激 ; 表征强度 ; 注意扩散
- 英文论文关键词：negative compatibility effect ; distractors ; representation strength ; attentional spreading
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842.3
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：741k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
负相容效应是指在掩蔽启动范式中,当启动刺激和目标刺激指向相同(相容条件)相比指向相反(不相容条件)时,反应时更长、错误率更高的现象。前人研究发现,掩蔽刺激或者干扰刺激在负相容效应中起着重要的作用,尤其掩蔽诱发抑制假说认为:相关的掩蔽或干扰刺激相比无关的掩蔽或干扰刺激,能够诱发更强的抑制,从而更易引发负相容效应。但未曾解决的问题是,改变刺激物理属性的同时又不可避免的改变了客体更新效力。本研究则将负相容范式和空间线索化任务创造性的结合在一起,在刺激物理属性恒定的条件下,只操纵干扰刺激的表征强度来验证干扰刺激对负相容效应的调节作用。实验一操纵了启动和目标相容性(相容条件和不相容条件)、启动——干扰时间间隔(SOA,23毫秒和70毫秒)、客体条件(同客体和异客体)三个被试内变量。预期在启动——干扰SOA为70毫秒的同客体条件下,因为有足够长的时间发生注意扩散,会加强干扰刺激的表征强度,诱发较强的抑制,从而引发负相容效应;在启动——干扰SOA为23毫秒的同客体条件下,没有足够长的时间发生注意扩散,干扰刺激的表征强度较弱,诱发抑制也较弱,从而不能引发负相容效应;在异客体条件下,不能发生注意扩散,干扰刺激的表征强度较弱,相应的诱发抑制也较弱,从而也不能引发负相容效应。实验结果完全符合此预期。然而实验一的结果不能排除由于启动刺激所处的位置不同导致激活强度不同的可能性。实验二在恒定干扰刺激诱发抑制的条件下,发现不同位置的启动刺激的激活强度是相同的。说明在实验一中,启动刺激的位置不影响负相容效应。综合以上两个实验的结果,本研究得出的结论是:干扰刺激表征强度通过影响其诱发抑制的大小来调节负相容效应。
The negative compatibility effect(NCE) refers to the phenomenon in which prime-target compatibility induces performance costs, whereas prime-target incompatibility induces performance benefits. Previous studies have confirmed that masks/distractors play a primary role in the NCE. The stimulus-triggered inhibition hypothesis states that inhibition is stronger in cases where relevant masks/distractors more readily lead to an NCE compared with irrelevant masks/distractors. Unfortunately, changes in the properties of physical stimuli inevitably alter the effectiveness of object updating. In the current study, using two experiments, we examined the role of distractors in the NCE by manipulating the representation strength of the distractors under the same physical stimulus conditions utilizing a novel combined task involving an NCE paradigm and a spatial cueing task. The prime/target compatibility(compatible and incompatible), prime-distractor stimulus onset asynchrony(SOA;23 and 70 ms) and object condition(same object and different object) variables were manipulated in the experiment 1. We predicted that a significant NCE would be observed for the same object condition under the 70-ms SOA, by contrast, a reversed NCE would be observed under the different object condition. This difference is based on the fact that attention can spread within the same object, thereby resulting in stronger stimulus-triggered inhibition. Whereas under the different object condition, attention cannot spread to the object over which the distractors will appear. Therefore, the stimulus-triggered inhibition should be both delayed and substantially weaker. Furthermore, the NCE for the same object condition would be expected to disappear under 23-ms SOA, as the process by which attention spreads within an object is time-consuming. Experiment 1 revealed a significant NCE for the same object condition under the 70-ms SOA. By contrast, reverse NCEs were obtained for all other conditions. All of the results supported our predictions. However, these effects could also be affected by prime position. Therefore, Experiment 2 was designed to disentangle these factors. The results indicated that prime position did not modulate the NCE in the Experiment 1. Taken together, these results indicate that the representation strength of distractors modulates the NCE via triggered inhibition.
The negative compatibility effect(NCE) refers to the phenomenon in which prime-target compatibility induces performance costs, whereas prime-target incompatibility induces performance benefits. Previous studies have confirmed that masks/distractors play a primary role in the NCE. The stimulus-triggered inhibition hypothesis states that inhibition is stronger in cases where relevant masks/distractors more readily lead to an NCE compared with irrelevant masks/distractors. Unfortunately, changes in the properties of physical stimuli inevitably alter the effectiveness of object updating. In the current study, using two experiments, we examined the role of distractors in the NCE by manipulating the representation strength of the distractors under the same physical stimulus conditions utilizing a novel combined task involving an NCE paradigm and a spatial cueing task. The prime/target compatibility(compatible and incompatible), prime-distractor stimulus onset asynchrony(SOA;23 and 70 ms) and object condition(same object and different object) variables were manipulated in the experiment 1. We predicted that a significant NCE would be observed for the same object condition under the 70-ms SOA, by contrast, a reversed NCE would be observed under the different object condition. This difference is based on the fact that attention can spread within the same object, thereby resulting in stronger stimulus-triggered inhibition. Whereas under the different object condition, attention cannot spread to the object over which the distractors will appear. Therefore, the stimulus-triggered inhibition should be both delayed and substantially weaker. Furthermore, the NCE for the same object condition would be expected to disappear under 23-ms SOA, as the process by which attention spreads within an object is time-consuming. Experiment 1 revealed a significant NCE for the same object condition under the 70-ms SOA. By contrast, reverse NCEs were obtained for all other conditions. All of the results supported our predictions. However, these effects could also be affected by prime position. Therefore, Experiment 2 was designed to disentangle these factors. The results indicated that prime position did not modulate the NCE in the Experiment 1. Taken together, these results indicate that the representation strength of distractors modulates the NCE via triggered inhibition.
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