荒漠生态治理“工厂化育苗、机械化移栽、规模化造林”新模式及其应用
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摘要
我国是世界上荒漠化面积较大、危害最为严重的国家之一。针对荒漠植树造林过程中存在①高质量、标准化的荒漠植物种苗的缺乏;②移栽机械化程度低,操作不规范等影响造林成活率、保存率及其稳定性的难点问题,创制了具有完全知识产权的"设施防护管育苗与机械化移栽一体化荒漠造林新技术",该技术拥有如下特色和优势:①采用设施条件下防护管育苗。②采用的苗木防护管既起到育苗容器的作用,育出高质量、标准化种苗;又使育苗与移栽操作有机结合起来;还可移栽后在野外为幼苗提供一个保湿、保温(早春)或降低地表温度(夏季)伤害、减少风沙和小动物啃噬危害的生长微环境,保障移栽造林具有较高的保存率。③移栽机械化程度高;节水、投入成本低。④适用于多种荒漠植物造林和移栽,基本可实现周年移栽和造林。依托该项技术,正在新疆、内蒙荒漠地区打造荒漠生态治理之"工厂化育苗、机械化移栽、规模化造林"新模式进行示范推广,实现荒漠地区生态扶贫、精准扶贫和脱贫致富的目标。
引文
[1]班卫强,严成,尹林克,杨美琳,陈艳瑞.立地条件和积雪厚度对古尔班通古特沙漠梭梭造林的影响.中国沙漠,2012,32(2):395-398.
[2]杜昌河,敬莉.资源环境约束下新疆区域经济发展差异研究—基于“两区两带”的比较分析.西部经济管理论坛,2015,26(2):17-24.
[3]黄培祐,向斌,李启剑,徐泽海.入夏前梭梭实生苗生长动态与生境的关系.中国沙漠,2009,29:87-94.
[4]刘国军,张希明,李建贵,吴俊侠,魏疆,李剑凌,王学文.准噶尔盆地东南缘天然更新梭梭苗期动态生命表及生存分析.干旱区研究,2010,27:83-87.
[5]刘国军,张希明,吕朝燕,孙红叶,吴俊侠,邓潮洲.不同供水条件下梭梭幼苗生长动态的研究.中国沙漠,2012,32(2):388-394.
[6]麻浩,张桦,马林,任财,王泽,高新,方辉,何小玲.无灌溉管件防护梭梭荒漠造林新技术及其示范推广.中国科学(生命科学),2014,44(3):248-256.
[7]单立山,张希明,花永辉,魏疆,闫海龙,解婷婷.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地梭梭幼苗根系分布特征对不同灌溉量的响应.植物生态学报,2007,31(5):769-776.
[8]Li SY,Tang QL,Lei JQ,Xu XW,Jiang J,Wang YD.An overview of non-conventional water resource utilization technologies for biological sand control in Xinjiang,northwest China.Environment Earth Science,2015,73:873-885.
[9]Liu JL,Wang YG,Yang XH,Wang BF.Genetic variation in seed and seedling traits of six Haloxylon ammodendron shrub provenances in desert areas of China.Agroforest Syst,2011,81:135-146.
[10]Wei WS,Wang MZ,He Q,Lei JQ,Ali M.Analyses of temperature and humidity profiles and heat balance of the surface boundary-layer in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert.Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53,supp.II:22-30.
[11]Yang QY,Zhao WZ,Liu B,Liu H.Physiological responses of Haloxylon ammodendron to rainfall pulses in temperate desert regions,Northwestern China.Trees,2014,28:709-722.
[12]Yang WB,Feng W,Jia ZQ,Zhu YJ,Guo JY.Soil water threshold for the growth of Haloxylon ammodendron in the Ulan Buh desert in arid northwest China.South African Journal of Botany,2014,92:53-58.
[13]Yu T,Ren C,Zhang JP,He XL,Ma L,Chen QJ,Qu YY,Shi SB,Zhang H,Ma H.Effect of high desert surface layer temperature stress on Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.)Bunge.Flora,2012,207:572-580
[2]杜昌河,敬莉.资源环境约束下新疆区域经济发展差异研究—基于“两区两带”的比较分析.西部经济管理论坛,2015,26(2):17-24.
[3]黄培祐,向斌,李启剑,徐泽海.入夏前梭梭实生苗生长动态与生境的关系.中国沙漠,2009,29:87-94.
[4]刘国军,张希明,李建贵,吴俊侠,魏疆,李剑凌,王学文.准噶尔盆地东南缘天然更新梭梭苗期动态生命表及生存分析.干旱区研究,2010,27:83-87.
[5]刘国军,张希明,吕朝燕,孙红叶,吴俊侠,邓潮洲.不同供水条件下梭梭幼苗生长动态的研究.中国沙漠,2012,32(2):388-394.
[6]麻浩,张桦,马林,任财,王泽,高新,方辉,何小玲.无灌溉管件防护梭梭荒漠造林新技术及其示范推广.中国科学(生命科学),2014,44(3):248-256.
[7]单立山,张希明,花永辉,魏疆,闫海龙,解婷婷.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地梭梭幼苗根系分布特征对不同灌溉量的响应.植物生态学报,2007,31(5):769-776.
[8]Li SY,Tang QL,Lei JQ,Xu XW,Jiang J,Wang YD.An overview of non-conventional water resource utilization technologies for biological sand control in Xinjiang,northwest China.Environment Earth Science,2015,73:873-885.
[9]Liu JL,Wang YG,Yang XH,Wang BF.Genetic variation in seed and seedling traits of six Haloxylon ammodendron shrub provenances in desert areas of China.Agroforest Syst,2011,81:135-146.
[10]Wei WS,Wang MZ,He Q,Lei JQ,Ali M.Analyses of temperature and humidity profiles and heat balance of the surface boundary-layer in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert.Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53,supp.II:22-30.
[11]Yang QY,Zhao WZ,Liu B,Liu H.Physiological responses of Haloxylon ammodendron to rainfall pulses in temperate desert regions,Northwestern China.Trees,2014,28:709-722.
[12]Yang WB,Feng W,Jia ZQ,Zhu YJ,Guo JY.Soil water threshold for the growth of Haloxylon ammodendron in the Ulan Buh desert in arid northwest China.South African Journal of Botany,2014,92:53-58.
[13]Yu T,Ren C,Zhang JP,He XL,Ma L,Chen QJ,Qu YY,Shi SB,Zhang H,Ma H.Effect of high desert surface layer temperature stress on Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.)Bunge.Flora,2012,207:572-580