过瘤胃蛋氨酸和赖氨酸对越冬期梅花鹿幼鹿、养分消化率及血清生化指标的影响
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- 英文论文题名：Effects of Low Crude Protein Diet Supplemented Rumen-Protected Methionine and Rumen-Protected Lysine on Sika Deer During the Wintering Season
- 论文作者：黄健 ; 鲍坤 ; 张铁涛 ; 崔学哲 ; 李光玉 ; 杨福合 ; 张婷 ; 王凯英
- 英文论文作者：Huang Jian ; Bao Kun ; Zhang Tietao ; Cui Xuezhe ; Li Guangyu ; Yang Fuhe ; Zhang Ting ; Wang Kaiying ; State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals ; Institute of Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Science ; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：中国农业科学院特产研究所特种经济动物分子生物学国家重点实验室;
- 论文关键词：梅花鹿 ; 过瘤胃蛋氨酸 ; 过瘤胃赖氨酸 ; 低蛋白质
- 英文论文关键词：sika deer ; RPL ; RPM ; low crude protein
- 会议召开时间：2016-06-01
- 会议录名称：“十二五” 鹿科学研究进展
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：S825.5
- 学会代码：ZXMY
- 学会名称：中国畜牧业协会
- 页数：10
- 文件大小：502k
- 原文格式：O
摘要
本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPM)和过瘤胃赖氨酸(RPL)对越冬期梅花鹿幼鹿生长性能、消化代谢和血清生化指标的影响。16只健康8月龄遗传背景相近的雄性梅花鹿,随机分为4个组,组间体重无显著差异(每个组4个重复,每个重复1只),饲喂4种不同饲粮:对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂粗蛋白质(CP)16.52%的高蛋白质饲粮,试验组饲喂CP13.70%添加0.30%RPL并分别添加。(Ⅱ组)、0.08%(Ⅲ组)、0.16%(Ⅳ组)RPM的低蛋白质饲粮,试验期为70d。结果表明,对照组和Ⅳ组平均日增重(ADG)显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),平均日采食量(ADFI)显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组料重比(F/G)显著高于其余各组(P<0.05);对照组磷消化率极显著低于试验组(P<0.01),且Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组CP和粗脂肪(EE)消化率的显著低于Ⅳ组(P<0.05);对照组血清尿素氮(BUN)含量显著高于Ⅲ(P<0.01)组和Ⅳ组(P<0.05),葡萄糖(GLU)和尿酸(UA)含量极显著高于其余各组(P<0.01);其余各项指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮CP水平从16.52%降至13.70%直接降低氮、磷排放,幼鹿生长相应延缓,添加0.16%RPM和0.30%RPL能改善幼鹿生长发育、促进物质消化、提高代谢平衡。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of low crude protein diet supplemented rumen- protected methionine(RPM) and rumen- protected lysine(RPL)on growth performance,nutrient digesitibility and serum biochemical indices of sika deer during the wintering season.Sixteen healthy 8- mouth- old sika deer were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 1 sika deer per replicate.Sika deers were fed 4 diets:Control group(Group Ⅰ) fed 16.52%crude protein(CP) basal diet,tests group fed 13.70%CP diet with 0.30%RPL and 0(Group Ⅱ),0.08%(Group Ⅲ),0.16%(Group Ⅳ) RPM.The results show that average daily gain(ADG) of control group and group Ⅳ were higher than group Ⅱ,and average daily feed intake(ADFI) of group Ⅲ was lower than control group and group Ⅳ,and feed to gain ratio(F/G) of group Ⅱ was higher than other groups(P < 0.05):digestibility of phosphorus(P) of control group was lower than other groups(P < 0.01) and group Ⅱ lower than group Ⅲ(P < 0.05),CP and ether extract(EE) digestibility of group Ⅱ lower than group Ⅳ:serum urea nitrogen content of control group was higher than group Ⅲ(P <0.05) and group Ⅳ(P <0.01),glucose and uric acid content of control group higher than other groups(P < 0.01):other index had no significant influence(P >0.05).It is concluded that reduced diet CP level from 16.52%to13.70%reduced nitride and phosphate emission,slowed fawn growth,however,0.16%RPM and 0.30%RPL supplementation would enhanced fawn growth,promoted nutrient digestion and metabolism balance.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of low crude protein diet supplemented rumen- protected methionine(RPM) and rumen- protected lysine(RPL)on growth performance,nutrient digesitibility and serum biochemical indices of sika deer during the wintering season.Sixteen healthy 8- mouth- old sika deer were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 1 sika deer per replicate.Sika deers were fed 4 diets:Control group(Group Ⅰ) fed 16.52%crude protein(CP) basal diet,tests group fed 13.70%CP diet with 0.30%RPL and 0(Group Ⅱ),0.08%(Group Ⅲ),0.16%(Group Ⅳ) RPM.The results show that average daily gain(ADG) of control group and group Ⅳ were higher than group Ⅱ,and average daily feed intake(ADFI) of group Ⅲ was lower than control group and group Ⅳ,and feed to gain ratio(F/G) of group Ⅱ was higher than other groups(P < 0.05):digestibility of phosphorus(P) of control group was lower than other groups(P < 0.01) and group Ⅱ lower than group Ⅲ(P < 0.05),CP and ether extract(EE) digestibility of group Ⅱ lower than group Ⅳ:serum urea nitrogen content of control group was higher than group Ⅲ(P <0.05) and group Ⅳ(P <0.01),glucose and uric acid content of control group higher than other groups(P < 0.01):other index had no significant influence(P >0.05).It is concluded that reduced diet CP level from 16.52%to13.70%reduced nitride and phosphate emission,slowed fawn growth,however,0.16%RPM and 0.30%RPL supplementation would enhanced fawn growth,promoted nutrient digestion and metabolism balance.
引文
[1]BRODERICK G A.Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86(4):1370-1381.
[2]BLOME R M,DRACKLEY J K,MCKEITH F K,et al.Growth nutrient utilization and body composition of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of protein[J].J Anim Sci,2003,81(6):1 641-1 655.
[3]LEONARDI C,STEVENSON M,ARMENTANO L E.Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86(12):4 033-4 042.
[4]ALETOR V A,HAMID I I,NIEB E,et al.Low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets in broiler chickens:effects on performance,carcass characteristics,whole-body composition and efficiencies of nutrient utilisation[J].J Sci Food Agric,2000,80(5):547-554.
[5]FIGUEROA J L,LEWIS A J,MILLER P S,et al.Nitrogen metabolism and growth performance of gilts fed standard corn-soybean meal diets or low-crude protein,amino acid-supplemented diets[J].J Anim Sci,2002,80(11):2 911-2 919.
[6]云强,刁其玉,屠焰,等.日粮中赖氨酸和蛋氨酸比对断奶犊牛生长性能和消化代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):133-142.YUN Q,DIAO Q,TU Y,et al.Effects of dietary lysine to methionine ratio on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and metabolism in weaned calves[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(1):133-142.(in Chinese).
[7]DINN N E,SHELFORD J A,FISHER L J,et al.Use of the Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system and rumen-protected lysine and methionine to reduce nitrogen excretion from lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,1998,81(1):229-237.
[8]LORDELO M M,GASPAR A M,BELLEGO L L,et al.Isoleucine and valine supplementation of a low-protein corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet for piglets:Growth performance and nitrogen balance[J].J Anim Sci,2008,86(11):2 936-2 941.
[9]张丽英.饲料分析与饲料质量分析检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002.ZHANG L Y.Feed analysis and quality inspection technology[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2002.(in Chinese).
[10]BARTLETT K S,MCKEITH F K,VANDEHAAR M J,et al.Growth and body composiUon of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of protein at two feeding rates[J].J Anim Sci,2006,84(6):1 454-1 467.
[11]KLEMESRUD M J,KLOPFENSTEIN T J,LEWIS A J.Metabolize methionine and lysine requirements ofgrowing cattle[J].J Anim Sci,2000,78(1):199-206.
[12]王欣,李光玉,崔学哲,等.雄性梅花鹿仔鹿越冬期配合日粮适宜蛋白质水平的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,(1):23-26.WANG X,LI G Y,CUI X Z,et al.Investigation about appropriate proteins of total mixed rations on young male sika cavles over winter[J].China Animal Husbandry Veterinary Medicine,2011,38(1):23-26.(in Chinese).
[13]PAULA M N,GERMAN D M M,JOES H H,et al.Effect of ruminally protected methionine on body weight gain and growth of antlers in red deer(Cervus elaphus)in the humid tropics[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2012,44(4):681-684.
[14]周晓容,高巧仙,杨飞云,等.日粮蛋氨酸水平对6~10周龄四川白鹅生产性能和血液代谢指标的影响[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,11:90-93.ZHOU X R,GAO Q X,YANG F Y,et al.Effect of dietary methionine(Met)levels on growth performances,blood metabolic indexes for 6-10 week old Sichuan white geese[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2012,37(11):90-93.(in Chinese).
[15]KERR B J,EASTER R A.Effect of feeding reduced protein,amino acids-supplemented diets on nitrogen and energy balance in growing pig[J].J Anim Sci,1995,73:3 000-3 008.
[16]YANG S Y,OH Y K,AHN H S,et al.Maintenance crude protein requirement of penned female Korean Spotted deer(Cervus nippon)[J].Asi Austr J Anim Sci,2014,27(1):30-35.
[17]于丽伟.断乳仔鹿的蛋白质维持需要及对蛋白质和能量利用的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学.2006.YU L W.Maintenance protein requirement and utilization of protein and energy by weaned sika deer[D].Changchun;Jilin Agricultural University,2006.(in Chinese).
[18]LEE C,HRISTOVAN,HEYLER K S,et al.Effects of metabolizable protein supply and amino acid supplementation on nitrogen utilization,milk production,and ammonia emissions from manure in dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2012,95(9):5 253-5 268.
[19]HOLTER J B,HAYES H H,SMITH S H.Protein requirement of yearling white-tailed deer[J].J Wildlife Manag,1979,43(4):872-879.
[20]吴小燕,王之盛,邹华围.不同蛋白质饲料对宣汉黄牛瘤胃固相粘附蛋白分解菌数量的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2014,45(6):953-959.WU X Y,WANG Z S,ZOU H W.Different protein sources dietary affect the quantities of rumen proteobacteria adhensive to solid fractions in Xuanhan yellow cattle[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2014,45(6):953-959.(in Chinese).
[21]李辉,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.不同蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛胃肠道形态发育的影响(二)[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(2):186-191.LI H,DIAO Q Y,ZHANG N F,et al.Effects of different protein sources on gastrointestinal chara cteristicsin early-weaning calves(Ⅱ)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2009,21(2):186-191.(in Chinese).
[22]SCHWAB C G,MUIS S J,HYLTON W E,et al.Response to abomasal infusion of methionine of weaned dairy calves fed acomplete pelleted starter ration based on byproduct feeds[J].J Dairy Sci,1982,65(10):1950-1961.
[23]GRUMMER R R.Etiology of lipid-related metabolic disorders in periparturient dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,1993,76(12):3 882-3 896.
[24]余健剑,束刚,江青艳.氨基酸调控畜禽采食的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(6):908-913.YU J J,SU G,JIANG Q Y.Recent advances in regulating feed intake by amino acids[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(6):908-913.(in Chinese).
[25]李辉,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.不同蛋白水平对犊牛消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(4):1 219-1 226.LI H,DIAO Q Y,ZHANG N F,et al.Effect of different protein levels on nutrient digestion metabolism and serum biochemical indexes in calves[J].Scientia Agriculture Sinica,2008,41(4):1219-1226.(in Chinese).
[26]李辉,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.不同蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛消化及血清生化指标的影响(一)[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(1):47-52.LI H,DIAO Q Y,ZHANG N F,et al.Effects of different protein sources on nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in early-weaning calves(I)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2009,21(1):47-52.(in Chinese).
[27]DANIELS K M,HILL S R,KNOWLTON K F,et al.Effects of milk replacer composition on selected blood metabolites and hormones in preweaned holstein heifers[J].J Dairy Sci,2008,91(7):2 628-2 640.
[28]李福昌,姜文学,刘宏峰,等.日粮蛋氨酸水平对安哥拉兔氮利用、产毛性能及血液指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2003,(3):246-249.LI F C,JIANG W X,LIU H F,et al.Effects of varying levels of methionine on nitrogen utilization,wool production and relative blood traits in angora rabbits[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2003,34(3):246-249.(in Chinese).
[29]SCHROEDER G F,TITGEMEYER E C,AWAWDEH M S,et al.Effects of energy source on methionineutilization by growing steers[J].J Anim Sci,2006,84(6):1 505-1 511.
[2]BLOME R M,DRACKLEY J K,MCKEITH F K,et al.Growth nutrient utilization and body composition of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of protein[J].J Anim Sci,2003,81(6):1 641-1 655.
[3]LEONARDI C,STEVENSON M,ARMENTANO L E.Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2003,86(12):4 033-4 042.
[4]ALETOR V A,HAMID I I,NIEB E,et al.Low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets in broiler chickens:effects on performance,carcass characteristics,whole-body composition and efficiencies of nutrient utilisation[J].J Sci Food Agric,2000,80(5):547-554.
[5]FIGUEROA J L,LEWIS A J,MILLER P S,et al.Nitrogen metabolism and growth performance of gilts fed standard corn-soybean meal diets or low-crude protein,amino acid-supplemented diets[J].J Anim Sci,2002,80(11):2 911-2 919.
[6]云强,刁其玉,屠焰,等.日粮中赖氨酸和蛋氨酸比对断奶犊牛生长性能和消化代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):133-142.YUN Q,DIAO Q,TU Y,et al.Effects of dietary lysine to methionine ratio on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and metabolism in weaned calves[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(1):133-142.(in Chinese).
[7]DINN N E,SHELFORD J A,FISHER L J,et al.Use of the Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system and rumen-protected lysine and methionine to reduce nitrogen excretion from lactating dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,1998,81(1):229-237.
[8]LORDELO M M,GASPAR A M,BELLEGO L L,et al.Isoleucine and valine supplementation of a low-protein corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet for piglets:Growth performance and nitrogen balance[J].J Anim Sci,2008,86(11):2 936-2 941.
[9]张丽英.饲料分析与饲料质量分析检测技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002.ZHANG L Y.Feed analysis and quality inspection technology[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2002.(in Chinese).
[10]BARTLETT K S,MCKEITH F K,VANDEHAAR M J,et al.Growth and body composiUon of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of protein at two feeding rates[J].J Anim Sci,2006,84(6):1 454-1 467.
[11]KLEMESRUD M J,KLOPFENSTEIN T J,LEWIS A J.Metabolize methionine and lysine requirements ofgrowing cattle[J].J Anim Sci,2000,78(1):199-206.
[12]王欣,李光玉,崔学哲,等.雄性梅花鹿仔鹿越冬期配合日粮适宜蛋白质水平的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,(1):23-26.WANG X,LI G Y,CUI X Z,et al.Investigation about appropriate proteins of total mixed rations on young male sika cavles over winter[J].China Animal Husbandry Veterinary Medicine,2011,38(1):23-26.(in Chinese).
[13]PAULA M N,GERMAN D M M,JOES H H,et al.Effect of ruminally protected methionine on body weight gain and growth of antlers in red deer(Cervus elaphus)in the humid tropics[J].Trop Anim Health Prod,2012,44(4):681-684.
[14]周晓容,高巧仙,杨飞云,等.日粮蛋氨酸水平对6~10周龄四川白鹅生产性能和血液代谢指标的影响[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,11:90-93.ZHOU X R,GAO Q X,YANG F Y,et al.Effect of dietary methionine(Met)levels on growth performances,blood metabolic indexes for 6-10 week old Sichuan white geese[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2012,37(11):90-93.(in Chinese).
[15]KERR B J,EASTER R A.Effect of feeding reduced protein,amino acids-supplemented diets on nitrogen and energy balance in growing pig[J].J Anim Sci,1995,73:3 000-3 008.
[16]YANG S Y,OH Y K,AHN H S,et al.Maintenance crude protein requirement of penned female Korean Spotted deer(Cervus nippon)[J].Asi Austr J Anim Sci,2014,27(1):30-35.
[17]于丽伟.断乳仔鹿的蛋白质维持需要及对蛋白质和能量利用的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学.2006.YU L W.Maintenance protein requirement and utilization of protein and energy by weaned sika deer[D].Changchun;Jilin Agricultural University,2006.(in Chinese).
[18]LEE C,HRISTOVAN,HEYLER K S,et al.Effects of metabolizable protein supply and amino acid supplementation on nitrogen utilization,milk production,and ammonia emissions from manure in dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2012,95(9):5 253-5 268.
[19]HOLTER J B,HAYES H H,SMITH S H.Protein requirement of yearling white-tailed deer[J].J Wildlife Manag,1979,43(4):872-879.
[20]吴小燕,王之盛,邹华围.不同蛋白质饲料对宣汉黄牛瘤胃固相粘附蛋白分解菌数量的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2014,45(6):953-959.WU X Y,WANG Z S,ZOU H W.Different protein sources dietary affect the quantities of rumen proteobacteria adhensive to solid fractions in Xuanhan yellow cattle[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2014,45(6):953-959.(in Chinese).
[21]李辉,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.不同蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛胃肠道形态发育的影响(二)[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(2):186-191.LI H,DIAO Q Y,ZHANG N F,et al.Effects of different protein sources on gastrointestinal chara cteristicsin early-weaning calves(Ⅱ)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2009,21(2):186-191.(in Chinese).
[22]SCHWAB C G,MUIS S J,HYLTON W E,et al.Response to abomasal infusion of methionine of weaned dairy calves fed acomplete pelleted starter ration based on byproduct feeds[J].J Dairy Sci,1982,65(10):1950-1961.
[23]GRUMMER R R.Etiology of lipid-related metabolic disorders in periparturient dairy cows[J].J Dairy Sci,1993,76(12):3 882-3 896.
[24]余健剑,束刚,江青艳.氨基酸调控畜禽采食的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(6):908-913.YU J J,SU G,JIANG Q Y.Recent advances in regulating feed intake by amino acids[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(6):908-913.(in Chinese).
[25]李辉,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.不同蛋白水平对犊牛消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(4):1 219-1 226.LI H,DIAO Q Y,ZHANG N F,et al.Effect of different protein levels on nutrient digestion metabolism and serum biochemical indexes in calves[J].Scientia Agriculture Sinica,2008,41(4):1219-1226.(in Chinese).
[26]李辉,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.不同蛋白质来源对早期断奶犊牛消化及血清生化指标的影响(一)[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(1):47-52.LI H,DIAO Q Y,ZHANG N F,et al.Effects of different protein sources on nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical parameters in early-weaning calves(I)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2009,21(1):47-52.(in Chinese).
[27]DANIELS K M,HILL S R,KNOWLTON K F,et al.Effects of milk replacer composition on selected blood metabolites and hormones in preweaned holstein heifers[J].J Dairy Sci,2008,91(7):2 628-2 640.
[28]李福昌,姜文学,刘宏峰,等.日粮蛋氨酸水平对安哥拉兔氮利用、产毛性能及血液指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2003,(3):246-249.LI F C,JIANG W X,LIU H F,et al.Effects of varying levels of methionine on nitrogen utilization,wool production and relative blood traits in angora rabbits[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2003,34(3):246-249.(in Chinese).
[29]SCHROEDER G F,TITGEMEYER E C,AWAWDEH M S,et al.Effects of energy source on methionineutilization by growing steers[J].J Anim Sci,2006,84(6):1 505-1 511.