高低趋近动机积极情绪对保持性和灵活性之间平衡的影响
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- 英文论文题名：The Effect of Low versus High Approach-Motivated Positive Affect on the Balance between Maintenance and Flexibility
- 论文作者：刘丽婷 ; 许百华
- 英文论文作者：Liting Liu ; Baihua Xu ; Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences ; Zhejiang University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：浙江大学心理与行为科学系;
- 论文关键词：积极情绪 ; 趋近动机强度 ; 保持性 ; 认知灵活性 ; 认知控制
- 英文论文关键词：positive affect ; approach motivational intensity ; maintenance ; cognitive flexibility ; cognitive control
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842.6
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：740k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
在一个不断变化的环境中,有机体成功地进行目标指向行为需要满足稳定保持目标和灵活转换目标之间的动态平衡。积极情绪可能影响这种平衡。过去10年里,有两类研究考察积极情绪如何影响稳定保持目标与灵活转换目标之间的平衡。一类研究使用认知设置转换范式。另外一类研究使用工作记忆任务。使用认知设置转换范式的一些研究表明积极情绪影响稳定保持目标和灵活转换目标之间的平衡。此外,Liu and Wang(2014)得出积极情绪的这种影响受到趋近动机强度的调节。但是使用工作记忆任务的研究得到不一致的结果,而且这些研究诱发的积极情绪可能都是低动机相关性或低趋近动机强度的。虽然设置转换和工作记忆更新可能关系密切,但是对执行控制功能任务的潜变量分析表明设置转换和工作记忆更新是认知控制的两个不同的成分。在本研究中,我们进一步阐明积极情绪是否会影响工作记忆任务相关信息的保持和更新之间的平衡。此外,考察积极情绪对认知设置转换范式中稳定保持目标与灵活转换目标之间的平衡的影响受趋近动机强度的调节是否能适用于其他任务。本研究使用AX持续性操作任务(AX-CPT),在实验一中使用情绪图片,实验二使用金钱延迟奖励范式来诱发中性情绪、高趋近动机积极情绪和低趋近动机积极情绪。结果表明:与中性情绪相比,低趋近动机积极情绪减弱了保持能力,同时提高了灵活性。然而,与中性情绪相比,高趋近动机积极情绪提高了保持能力,但是降低了灵活性。结果进一步证明了积极情绪对认知控制的影响受趋近动机强度的调节。
Successful goal-directed behavior in a constantly changing environment requires a balance between stable maintenance and flexible switching of goals. This balance may be modulated by positive affect. In the past decade, two categories of studies have been conducted to investigate how the balance between stable maintenance and flexible switching of goals is modulated by positive affect. One category of studies uses cognitive set-switching paradigm. The other category employs working memory tasks. Employing a cognitive set-switching paradigm, some studies have suggested that positive affect shifts this balance towards increased flexibility. Liu and Wang(2014) further argued that the effects of positive affect on the balance between stable maintenance and flexible switching of goals were modulated by approach motivational intensity. However, other studies using working memory tasks have not yielded unequivocal results. In addition, positive affect induced in these studies were low rather than high in approach motivational intensity. Working memory updating and set shifting may be correlated with one another, but latent-variable analyses of a set of tasks evaluating executive functions indicate that updating and shifting are clearly separable components of cognitive control The present study was aimed to further examine whether positive affect influences the balance between stable maintenance and flexible updating in working memory and to extend previous work by showing that approach motivational intensity moderates the effects of positive affect on the balance between stable maintenance and flexible switching in cognitive set-switching paradigm as well as in other tasks. The AX Continuous Performance Task was manipulated in the study. Neutral affect, high and low approach-motivated positive affect were induced using affective pictures in Experiment 1 and the monetary incentive delay task in Experiment 2. Results showed that as compared to neutral affect, low approach-motivated positive affect weakened maintenance but simultaneously increased flexibility, whereas high approach-motivated positive affect promoted maintenance but decreased flexibility. These findings provided with further evidence that the effects of positive affect on cognitive control would be modulated by approach motivational intensity.
Successful goal-directed behavior in a constantly changing environment requires a balance between stable maintenance and flexible switching of goals. This balance may be modulated by positive affect. In the past decade, two categories of studies have been conducted to investigate how the balance between stable maintenance and flexible switching of goals is modulated by positive affect. One category of studies uses cognitive set-switching paradigm. The other category employs working memory tasks. Employing a cognitive set-switching paradigm, some studies have suggested that positive affect shifts this balance towards increased flexibility. Liu and Wang(2014) further argued that the effects of positive affect on the balance between stable maintenance and flexible switching of goals were modulated by approach motivational intensity. However, other studies using working memory tasks have not yielded unequivocal results. In addition, positive affect induced in these studies were low rather than high in approach motivational intensity. Working memory updating and set shifting may be correlated with one another, but latent-variable analyses of a set of tasks evaluating executive functions indicate that updating and shifting are clearly separable components of cognitive control The present study was aimed to further examine whether positive affect influences the balance between stable maintenance and flexible updating in working memory and to extend previous work by showing that approach motivational intensity moderates the effects of positive affect on the balance between stable maintenance and flexible switching in cognitive set-switching paradigm as well as in other tasks. The AX Continuous Performance Task was manipulated in the study. Neutral affect, high and low approach-motivated positive affect were induced using affective pictures in Experiment 1 and the monetary incentive delay task in Experiment 2. Results showed that as compared to neutral affect, low approach-motivated positive affect weakened maintenance but simultaneously increased flexibility, whereas high approach-motivated positive affect promoted maintenance but decreased flexibility. These findings provided with further evidence that the effects of positive affect on cognitive control would be modulated by approach motivational intensity.
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