情绪对大学生道德判断的影响
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- 英文论文题名：The impact of emotion on college students' moral judgment
- 论文作者：宋萍萍 ; 王振宏 ; 杨小钧 ; 张慧
- 英文论文作者：Pingping Song ; Zhenhong Wang ; Xiaojun Yang ; Hui Zhang ; School of Psychology ; Shaanxi Normal University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：陕西师范大学心理学院;
- 论文关键词：情绪 ; 道德判断 ; 趋近 ; 回避
- 英文论文关键词：emotion ; moral judgment ; approach ; withdrawal
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842.6
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：751k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
理性主义道德观认为认知主导道德判断。但近年来,越来越多的证据表明道德判断绝非一个单纯的认知过程,道德判断中的情绪因素开始受到关注。很多研究都发现情绪会对道德判断产生影响,但前人的研究大都集中在情绪的效价对道德判断的影响上,而且不同的学者所得出来的结论并不一致。研究结论的不一致提示我们,道德判断也许不仅仅受情绪效价的影响,也有可能受到情绪的趋近-回避动机的影响。因为动机通常与趋避反应相联,推动或者阻止个体做出反应。情绪的动机维度模型认为,即使同一效价的情绪,由于其趋近和回避的动机指向不同,对认知加工的影响也存在差异。而且近年一些关于社会认知的研究发现在解释情绪对行为影响时,情绪的动机维度比效价维度更有说服力。那么,在情绪对道德判断的影响中,情绪的趋避动机又会起到什么样的作用呢?所以,本研究试图从情绪的动机维度探讨情绪对道德判断的影响,研究了在个人和非个人道德判断情境中,两种效价相同但是趋避动机不同的情绪——愤怒和厌恶情绪对道德判断的影响。本研究以陕西师范大学100名大学生为研究对象,采用3(情绪状态:愤怒组、厌恶组、控制组)×2(题目类型:个人道德判断组、非个人道德判断组)的两因素混合实验设计。情绪状态为被试间变量,题目类型为被试内变量,因变量是被试道德判断的得分。通过视频诱发被试情绪,完成道德两难问题,探究不同趋避动机情绪对道德判断的影响。结果发现,在个人道德判断情境中,愤怒作为一种具有"接近"倾向的情绪,会促使一个人与其他人发生身体上的接触,因此使被试更倾向于作出功利性选择(例如在人行桥困境中更倾向于把身边的胖子推下去以阻挡火车),相反,厌恶作为一种具有"回避"倾向的情绪则会让人出现一种抑制与他人接触的倾向,因此使被试更倾向于作出非功利性的选择(不会把胖子推下去)。
Rationalism consider that cognition leading moral judgment.But in recent years,more and more evidence show that not only cognition leading moral judgment,but also emotion could influence moral judgment.Many studies found that emotions can affect moral judgment, but previous studies mostly focused on the valence of emotion which impact moral judgment,different scholars ' conclusions are inconsistent.The inconsistent of conclusions suggest that moral judgment may not only influenced by the valence of emotional, may also be affected by the emotional approach-withdrawal motivation.We conclude that the effects of induced emotions on moral judgments can be predicted by taking their motivational dimension into account. Motivation is usually associated with approach- withdrawal, which could promote or prevent individual's response.Emotional motivation dimension model argue that even if the same valence of emotion, but different the motivation of approach and withdrawal, the impact on the cognitive processing is different.Researchers investigating the relationship between motivation and emotion suggest classifying emotions according to approach and withdrawal motivational tendency rather than valence alone.This study suggesting that emotions influence moral judgments based on their motivational dimension. We tested the effects of two types of induced emotions with equal valence but with different motivational implications(anger and disgust), and two types of moral scenarios( impersonal, personal) on moral judgments.Participants were 100 college students from Shaanxi Normal University,the experimental design was a 3×2 mixed factorial,in which emotion state(angry,disgust,control) varied between subjects,and moral scenario(personal,impersonal) varied within subjects.The results showed that approach motivation associated with anger would make moral judgments more utilitarianism, while disgust, associated with withdrawal motivation, would make them less utilitarianism. Moreover, these effects varied as a function of the type of scenario: the induced emotions only affected moral judgments concerning personal scenarios.
Rationalism consider that cognition leading moral judgment.But in recent years,more and more evidence show that not only cognition leading moral judgment,but also emotion could influence moral judgment.Many studies found that emotions can affect moral judgment, but previous studies mostly focused on the valence of emotion which impact moral judgment,different scholars ' conclusions are inconsistent.The inconsistent of conclusions suggest that moral judgment may not only influenced by the valence of emotional, may also be affected by the emotional approach-withdrawal motivation.We conclude that the effects of induced emotions on moral judgments can be predicted by taking their motivational dimension into account. Motivation is usually associated with approach- withdrawal, which could promote or prevent individual's response.Emotional motivation dimension model argue that even if the same valence of emotion, but different the motivation of approach and withdrawal, the impact on the cognitive processing is different.Researchers investigating the relationship between motivation and emotion suggest classifying emotions according to approach and withdrawal motivational tendency rather than valence alone.This study suggesting that emotions influence moral judgments based on their motivational dimension. We tested the effects of two types of induced emotions with equal valence but with different motivational implications(anger and disgust), and two types of moral scenarios( impersonal, personal) on moral judgments.Participants were 100 college students from Shaanxi Normal University,the experimental design was a 3×2 mixed factorial,in which emotion state(angry,disgust,control) varied between subjects,and moral scenario(personal,impersonal) varied within subjects.The results showed that approach motivation associated with anger would make moral judgments more utilitarianism, while disgust, associated with withdrawal motivation, would make them less utilitarianism. Moreover, these effects varied as a function of the type of scenario: the induced emotions only affected moral judgments concerning personal scenarios.
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