6—9个月婴儿对本族和他族面孔分类知觉的发展
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- 英文论文题名：The development of perceptual categorization in 6- to 9-month-olds for own- and other-race faces
- 论文作者：李君 ; 刘少英
- 英文论文作者：Jun Li ; Shaoying Liu ; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University ; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University ; Department of Psychology
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：浙江理工大学心理系;
- 论文关键词：婴儿 ; 面孔种族 ; 分类知觉
- 英文论文关键词：infants ; facial race ; perceptual categorization
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B844.11
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：752k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
经验影响婴儿对面孔种族的分类知觉。已有研究发现6-9个月的高加索婴儿已形成本族高加索面孔的分类能力,但对他族亚洲面孔的分类知觉在9个月才能出现。即6-9个月高加索婴儿对本族高加索面孔既能区分同一种族的不同面孔,也能知觉同一种族面孔共有的种族特征;而对他族亚洲面孔,6-9个月婴儿均不能进行个体区分,其类别知觉直到9个月才能形成。婴儿对面孔种族的分类知觉是否具有跨文化的一致性,婴儿分类知觉的发展是否受到面孔的物理属性的影响,还未可知。本研究选取未接触过非洲面孔的6-9个月中国婴儿46名,采用习惯化-新异偏好范式探讨婴儿对本族亚洲面孔和他族非洲面孔的分类知觉的发展。在熟悉阶段,呈现同一种族的3张不同面孔,每次一张面孔左右配对呈现15秒,每张面孔呈现两次,3张面孔在两次呈现时的顺序一致,六次后,进入测试阶段,配对呈现该种族的一张新面孔与他种族的一张面孔,左右平衡呈现两次,每次10秒。结果发现:1)6个月和9个月中国婴儿在熟悉阶段均能表现出习惯化,后三个trial婴儿对面孔的平均注视时间显著低于前三个trial的注视时间;2)6个月和9个月婴儿对本族亚洲面孔在测试阶段均表现出新异种族面孔偏好,而对他族非洲面孔均未表现出新异种族面孔偏好。这说明,6-9个月中国婴儿对本族面孔已形成类别知觉,但是对他族非洲面孔的类别知觉还未形成。
Experience with own-race and other-race faces influences facial categorization during infancy. The previous studies have found that Caucasian 6- and 9-month-olds have formed the ability to category own-race faces, while the ability to category other-race(Asian) faces did not occur until Caucasian 9-month-olds. We can see that Caucasian 6- and 9-month-olds could discriminate the different faces from the own race and percept the same racial features from the same-race faces. While Caucasian 6- and 9-month-olds did not form the ability of individual discrimination to the other-race faces(Asian). It is unknown whether infants' perceptual categorization of facial races has the consistency across culture and whether the development of infants' perceptual categorization is affected by the facial physical characteristics. The present study chose 46 Chinese 6- and 9-month-olds that all of the parents reported that they had little to no experience with African faces and used a familiarization / novelty – preference procedure to examine the development of perceptual categorization in Asian 6- to 9-month-olds to own- and other-race faces(Asian vs. African). During familiarization, three faces from the same race were presented twice over the course of six 15 s familiarization trials. Two 10 s test trials immediately followed the familiarization trials and paired a novel Asian face with a novel African face. Left-right position of the novel face from the novel category was counterbalanced across infants on the first test trial and changed on the second test trial. Results showed that 1) both age groups habituated to the presented faces in familiarization trials, the mean looking time of the second three of familiarization trials significantly shorter than the first three of familiarization trials; 2) both age groups that habituated the Asian faces preferred the novel category faces, and both age groups that habituated the African faces did not present the preference of the novel category faces. The findings additionally indicated that 6- and 9-month-old Chinese infants have formed the perceptual categorization of own-race faces, but did not form the perceptual categorization of other-race faces.
Experience with own-race and other-race faces influences facial categorization during infancy. The previous studies have found that Caucasian 6- and 9-month-olds have formed the ability to category own-race faces, while the ability to category other-race(Asian) faces did not occur until Caucasian 9-month-olds. We can see that Caucasian 6- and 9-month-olds could discriminate the different faces from the own race and percept the same racial features from the same-race faces. While Caucasian 6- and 9-month-olds did not form the ability of individual discrimination to the other-race faces(Asian). It is unknown whether infants' perceptual categorization of facial races has the consistency across culture and whether the development of infants' perceptual categorization is affected by the facial physical characteristics. The present study chose 46 Chinese 6- and 9-month-olds that all of the parents reported that they had little to no experience with African faces and used a familiarization / novelty – preference procedure to examine the development of perceptual categorization in Asian 6- to 9-month-olds to own- and other-race faces(Asian vs. African). During familiarization, three faces from the same race were presented twice over the course of six 15 s familiarization trials. Two 10 s test trials immediately followed the familiarization trials and paired a novel Asian face with a novel African face. Left-right position of the novel face from the novel category was counterbalanced across infants on the first test trial and changed on the second test trial. Results showed that 1) both age groups habituated to the presented faces in familiarization trials, the mean looking time of the second three of familiarization trials significantly shorter than the first three of familiarization trials; 2) both age groups that habituated the Asian faces preferred the novel category faces, and both age groups that habituated the African faces did not present the preference of the novel category faces. The findings additionally indicated that 6- and 9-month-old Chinese infants have formed the perceptual categorization of own-race faces, but did not form the perceptual categorization of other-race faces.
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