面孔可信度和行为在幼儿信任判断中的作用
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- 英文论文题名：The Role of Face Trustworthiness and Behavior in Children's Trust Judgment
- 论文作者：陈碧云 ; 徐芬 ; 马凤玲
- 英文论文作者：Biyun Chen ; Fen Xu ; Fengling Ma ; Department of Psychology ; Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：浙江理工大学心理系;
- 论文关键词：幼儿 ; 面孔可信度 ; 行为 ; 信任判断
- 英文论文关键词：children ; face trustworthiness ; behavior ; trust judgment
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B844.12
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：3
- 文件大小：756k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
在人际交往中,能够恰当地判断身边哪些人值得信任对个体的社会适应及其身心健康具有重要的现实意义。现有研究发现,个体从3岁开始就能基于交往对象的面孔或者行为表现做出与成人相一致的信任判断。但在现实生活中,交往对象的面孔与其行为表现往往是同时存在的,甚至经常会存在冲突,那在这种冲突的情况下,年幼儿童会如何进行信任判断?本研究通过两个实验考察了当交往者的面孔可信度(可信面孔和不可信面孔)和行为(积极行为和消极行为)存在冲突时,3–5岁幼儿在遵守承诺的交往情境中会选择相信谁,以此来探讨幼儿的信任判断特点及其年龄特征。共253名幼儿参与本研究,3岁组29人(M=3.52±0.24),4岁组72人(M=4.46±018),5岁组76人(M=5.50±0.20)。结果发现:(1)实验1中,当配对呈现不可信面孔-积极行为vs.可信面孔-消极行为的两种交往对象时,3-5岁幼儿都倾向于依据对方的行为表现做出信任判断,即幼儿更倾向于相信具有不可信面孔-积极行为的人,但相比于3岁组,4岁和5岁组依据行为进行信任判断的概率更高(p<0.01);(2)实验2中,增加中性行为以降低行为特征间的对比,当给4-5岁幼儿配对呈现不可信面孔-积极行为vs.可信面孔-中性行为的两种交往对象,以及不可信面孔-中性行为vs.可信面孔-消极行为的两种交往对象时,幼儿的信任判断出现了年龄差异,5岁组幼儿(62%)依据行为来进行信任判断的概率要显著地高于4岁组(44%)幼儿(p<0.05),可见年龄越大的孩子越倾向于依据对方的行为表现做出信任判断;此外,幼儿的信任判断还表现出很大的个体差异:4岁组有一半(54%)幼儿依据对方的面孔做出信任判断,另一半(46%)幼儿依据对方的行为表现做出信任判断;5岁组则更多地(65%)是依据对方的行为表现来做出信任判断。从中可以看出,在增加了中性行为以降低积极与消极行为间的强烈对比后,面孔对于幼儿的信任判断还是起到了一定的作用,相比于5岁,4岁幼儿受面孔的影响更大。
The proper judgment for whom to trust was very important to individuals' social adaptation and their physical and mental health. Previous research had proved that young children, even from 3 years old, had already made trust judgment based on others' face or behavioral characters. But in real life, one's face trustworthiness information and his behavior often exist simultaneously, and often there will be a conflict. So, in this conflict situation, how would young children make trust judgment? In this study, two experiments were designed to explore when face trustworthiness(trustworthy and untrustworthy faces) and behavior(positive, negative) were incongruent, how would 3-to 5-year-olds make trust judgment in the situation of keeping the promise and its development. A total of 253 children participated in the study, 3-year-old group of 29 people(M = 3.52 ± 0.24), 4-year-old group of 72 people(M = 4.46 ± 018), 5-year-old group of 76 people(M = 5.50 ± 0.20). The results showed that:(1) In experiment 1, when the behavior's contrast was positive and negative(one untrustworthy face with positive behavior and one trustworthy face with negative behavior). The results showed that, 3-to 5-year-olds would trust the people with untrustworthy face but do the positive behavior, which meant they would mainly base on other's behavior to make trust judgment. But compared to the 3-year-olds, 4-to 5-year-olds were more inclined to judge on the basis of behavior(p<0.01);(2) In experiment 2, we including neutral behavior to narrow the behaviors' degree. We show paired faces to 4-to 5-year-olds children(untrustworthy face-positive behavior and trustworthy face-neutral behavior; untrustworthy face-neutral behavior and trustworthy face-negative behavior). There is age difference in children's trust judgement, the percentage of 5-year-olds make trust judgment based on one's behavior(62%) is significantly higher than 4-year-olds(44%) children(p <0.05), this indicated that older children tend to make trust judgments based on one's behavior. In addition, children's trust judgment also showed great individual differences: there's 54% 4-year-olds children make trust judgments based on face trustworthiness, and 46% 4-year-olds children make trust judgments based on behavior; there's 65% 5-year-olds children make trust judgments based on behavior. It can be seen that when we including neutral behavior to reduce the stark contrast between the positive and negative behaviors, face trustworthiness played a certain role in children's trust judgment, and compared to the 5-year-olds, 4 year-olds children are more affected by face trustworthiness.
The proper judgment for whom to trust was very important to individuals' social adaptation and their physical and mental health. Previous research had proved that young children, even from 3 years old, had already made trust judgment based on others' face or behavioral characters. But in real life, one's face trustworthiness information and his behavior often exist simultaneously, and often there will be a conflict. So, in this conflict situation, how would young children make trust judgment? In this study, two experiments were designed to explore when face trustworthiness(trustworthy and untrustworthy faces) and behavior(positive, negative) were incongruent, how would 3-to 5-year-olds make trust judgment in the situation of keeping the promise and its development. A total of 253 children participated in the study, 3-year-old group of 29 people(M = 3.52 ± 0.24), 4-year-old group of 72 people(M = 4.46 ± 018), 5-year-old group of 76 people(M = 5.50 ± 0.20). The results showed that:(1) In experiment 1, when the behavior's contrast was positive and negative(one untrustworthy face with positive behavior and one trustworthy face with negative behavior). The results showed that, 3-to 5-year-olds would trust the people with untrustworthy face but do the positive behavior, which meant they would mainly base on other's behavior to make trust judgment. But compared to the 3-year-olds, 4-to 5-year-olds were more inclined to judge on the basis of behavior(p<0.01);(2) In experiment 2, we including neutral behavior to narrow the behaviors' degree. We show paired faces to 4-to 5-year-olds children(untrustworthy face-positive behavior and trustworthy face-neutral behavior; untrustworthy face-neutral behavior and trustworthy face-negative behavior). There is age difference in children's trust judgement, the percentage of 5-year-olds make trust judgment based on one's behavior(62%) is significantly higher than 4-year-olds(44%) children(p <0.05), this indicated that older children tend to make trust judgments based on one's behavior. In addition, children's trust judgment also showed great individual differences: there's 54% 4-year-olds children make trust judgments based on face trustworthiness, and 46% 4-year-olds children make trust judgments based on behavior; there's 65% 5-year-olds children make trust judgments based on behavior. It can be seen that when we including neutral behavior to reduce the stark contrast between the positive and negative behaviors, face trustworthiness played a certain role in children's trust judgment, and compared to the 5-year-olds, 4 year-olds children are more affected by face trustworthiness.
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