操作性性别比与国家创新能力:基于欧洲45国的研究
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- 英文论文题名：Correlates of operational sex ratio and national innovative abilities:Evidence from 45 European countries
- 论文作者：刘书冰 ; 陈浩 ; 高永睿
- 英文论文作者：Shubing Liu ; Hao Chen ; Yongrui Gao ; Department of Social Psychology ; Nankai University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：南开大学社会心理学系;
- 论文关键词：操作性性别比 ; 国家创新能力 ; 择偶 ; 社会生态环境 ; 个体动机
- 英文论文关键词：operational sex ratio ; national innovation ability ; mating ; social ecological environment ; individual motivation
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：C913.14;F15
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：811k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
某一特定生态环境内处于繁殖期的同一物种雄性和雌性数量比例,在生物学中被称为"操作性性别比"。相较于出生性别比,操作性性别比对于该物种个体的择偶、竞争等行为的影响更为明显、重要。进化心理学研究发现,人类社会中存在类似现象。某一特定国家或地区中处于育龄阶段的男性与女性数量比例,会对该地区男女个体的择偶、婚姻、亲本投资、犯罪以及经济行为等诸多方面存在显著影响。高操作性性别比(男性多)的社会生态环境中,男性会降低择偶标准,女性会提高择偶标准;为获取女性青睐,男性需要付出更多择偶努力,提高自身的社会经济地位。我们认为,社会生态环境影响个体动机,进而影响个体创造性活动的表现。高操作性性别比环境中的男性个体奋斗动机显著加强,会表现出更多的创造性行为。个体创造性活动的累积表现,会形塑为整个社会乃至国家的创新能力水平,即我们假设高操作性性别比的国家,其国家创新能力也较高。为检验这一假设,本研究选取历史文化背景相近的欧洲45个国家作为分析对象,探讨操作性性别比和国家创新能力之间的关系,分析发现:1.操作性性别比与国家创新能力存在显著正向相关,即国家操作性性别比越高,国家创新能力越强;2.人均GDP对操作性性别比和国家创新能力间的关系存在负向调节作用,即人均GDP越低,操作性性别比和国家创造力之间的关系越强;人均GDP越高,这种相关会减弱。一个国家的操作性性别比确实会影响该国的创新能力水平。未来我们将进一步寻找中介或其它第三方变量,深化对于两者间关系及内在作用机制的理解。
The proportion of males and females in the same species of the breeding period in a particular ecological environment is called the "operational sex ratio" in biology.Comparing with the sex ratio of new-born population, the influence of the operational sex ratio is more obvious and important in the species.Evolutionary psychology has found a similar phenomenon in human society. The proportion of men and women of childbearing age in a certain country or regionhad a significant effect on both sexes in the mating of individuals, marriage, parental investment, crime and economic behavior. The social ecological environment with high operational sex ratio(male majority), men will make their mating standards lower, and women will improve their mating standards;For marriage purpose, men need more mating effort, to improve their social and economic status. We believe that the social environment can significantly influence an individual's motivation for doing an activity, which in turn can significantly influence creative performance.Male individuals in the environment of high operational sex ratio are significantly enhanced, which will show more creative behavior.The cumulative performance of individual creative activities will be shaped as the whole society as well as the level of national innovation ability, which is, the national innovation ability is higher while we assume the high sex ratio of the country. To test this hypothesis, the study selects 45 European countries with similar historical background as the analysis object, to explore the relationship between the operational sex ratio and the national innovation ability, the study shows that: 1. The operational sex ratio hassignificantlypositive correlation with the national innovation ability, which is, when the national operational sex ratio is higher,the national innovation ability will be stronger; 2. Per capita GDP has a negative regulatory role with operational sex ratio and national innovation ability relations, that is, when per capita GDPlower, the stronger relationship between the operational sex ratio and national creativity; the higher per capita GDP is, this correlation will be weakened.The sex ratio of a country does affect the level of innovation in the country. In the future, we will seek the intermediary or other third party variables further, and deepenthe understanding of the relationship and the internal mechanism between them.
The proportion of males and females in the same species of the breeding period in a particular ecological environment is called the "operational sex ratio" in biology.Comparing with the sex ratio of new-born population, the influence of the operational sex ratio is more obvious and important in the species.Evolutionary psychology has found a similar phenomenon in human society. The proportion of men and women of childbearing age in a certain country or regionhad a significant effect on both sexes in the mating of individuals, marriage, parental investment, crime and economic behavior. The social ecological environment with high operational sex ratio(male majority), men will make their mating standards lower, and women will improve their mating standards;For marriage purpose, men need more mating effort, to improve their social and economic status. We believe that the social environment can significantly influence an individual's motivation for doing an activity, which in turn can significantly influence creative performance.Male individuals in the environment of high operational sex ratio are significantly enhanced, which will show more creative behavior.The cumulative performance of individual creative activities will be shaped as the whole society as well as the level of national innovation ability, which is, the national innovation ability is higher while we assume the high sex ratio of the country. To test this hypothesis, the study selects 45 European countries with similar historical background as the analysis object, to explore the relationship between the operational sex ratio and the national innovation ability, the study shows that: 1. The operational sex ratio hassignificantlypositive correlation with the national innovation ability, which is, when the national operational sex ratio is higher,the national innovation ability will be stronger; 2. Per capita GDP has a negative regulatory role with operational sex ratio and national innovation ability relations, that is, when per capita GDPlower, the stronger relationship between the operational sex ratio and national creativity; the higher per capita GDP is, this correlation will be weakened.The sex ratio of a country does affect the level of innovation in the country. In the future, we will seek the intermediary or other third party variables further, and deepenthe understanding of the relationship and the internal mechanism between them.
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