“护士职业获益感”的理论、工具及其应用研究
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- 英文论文题名：The study on theory,tool and application of nurses' perceived professional benefits
- 论文作者：胡菁 ; 刘晓虹
- 英文论文作者：Hujing ; Liu Xiaohong ; Shanda univeisity ; School of Nursing ; Second Military Medical University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：上海杉达学院;第二军医大学护理学院;
- 论文关键词：护士 ; 益处发现 ; 职业获益感 ; 概念框架 ; 测评工具
- 英文论文关键词：Nurse ; Benefit finding ; Perceived professional benefits ; Conceptual framework ; Evaluation tool
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B844.3
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：3
- 文件大小：842k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
目的界定"护士职业获益感"的操作性定义,构建"护士职业获益感"理论框架;研制具有较好信效度的"护士职业获益感"测评工具,为开展我国护士职业获益感的现状调查,针对性地实施认知干预、引导护士感受职业获益提供有价值依据。方法采用质性研究方法,通过目的、滚雪球抽样法,考虑受谈者岗位、职称、科室及人口学特征的多样性,筛选某直辖市一、二级医院各2所、三级医院8所等23名护士进行半结构式访谈,借鉴扎根理论的资料分析方法编码访谈资料,挖掘其在护士职业中体验到的收获和益处,逐步提炼出主题,形成护士职业获益感的概念框架。(2)基于形成的概念框架,构建护士职业获益感初始问卷,经两轮德尔菲专家咨询后,以方便抽样法对2所三甲综合医院274名护士实施预调查,经心理学指标检测,形成正式问卷。(3)以护士职业获益感问卷和Maslach倦怠量表调查294名护士。结果 (1)界定"护士职业获益感"的概念为"护士在从业过程中感知到职业带给自身的收获和益处,认同从事护士职业能促进自我的全面成长",其概念框架内容包含正向职业感知、良好护患关系、亲友认同、团队归属感和自身成长的五大主题,问卷的总体Cronbach’sα值0.958,各维度的Cronbach’sα值为0.821~0.893,总体分半信度0.938,各维度分半信度为0.813~0.881;探索性因素分析得到5个公因子,解释总变异的65.031%;(3)护士的职业获益感与其职业倦怠的情感衰竭、去人格化维度得分呈负相关,与个人成就感得分呈正相关;且可解释其情感耗竭、去人格化及个人成就感31.6%、13.1%、9.5%的变异。结论 (1)初步界定了护士职业获益感概念,构建了护士职业获益感的概念框架;(2)基于质性研究提取的五大主题和专家咨询结果所研制的护士职业获益感问卷信效度良好;(3)初步证实护士的职业获益感水平对其职业态度、倦怠水平具有一定预测作用,本研究所获理论、工具性成果可为进一步开展我国护士职业获益感现况调查及其认知干预等应用研究提供理论指导和工具支持。
Objective To explore what the nurses can benefit from their work in China and develop a conceptual framework of nurses' perceived professional benefits based on reviewing recent research and qualitative interview. To develop a evaluation tool of nurses' perceived professional benefits based on the conceptual framework, as well as to examine the reliability and validity of the tool, so that we can access the level of nurses' perceived professional benefits in China and direct the nursing managers and nursing teachers to carry out interventions on nurses and nursing students to promote their professional psychological health in the future. Methods(1)A qualitative research approach was adopted. A purposive sampling strategy incorporated with snowballing strategies was used to recruit participants from 2 primary, 2 secondary and 8 tertiary hospitals and 1 sanatorium in Shanghai. The sample of participants was selected to vary by post, professional title, department and social demographic characteristics to ensure the data contained a diverse sample. A total of 23 nurses were deeply interviewed. All of the interviews were recorded on digital recorders, and the transcribed into word documents. Data analysis method of the grounded theory was used to coding and refining themes.(2)Developed the nurses' perceived professional benefits questionnaire. The first draft of the questionnaire was developed according to the conceptual framework, and then the formal questionnaire was formed after a two-round Delphi experts' consultation and survey of 274 nurses. The content validity, construct validity, as well as internal reliability, split-half reliability were tested.(3)The convenience sampling was used and the sample for survey comprised 274 registered nurses. The relationship of nurses' professional benefits and burnout(measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory) were assessed by correlation matrices and regression analysis. Results(1)The professional benefits that have been identified by nurses are multifaceted and general. A conceptual framework of nurses' perceived professional benefits includes five themes. They are positive professional perception, good patient-nurse relationship, recognition from families and friends, a sense of belonging to work team and personal growth. The conception of Nurses' perceived benefits is defined as "the benefits and gains nurses perceived from their job, and they approve that being a nurse can promote personal development."(2)Cronbach' s alpha coefficient of the Nurses' perceived professional benefits questionnaire ranged from 0.828~0.963, split-half reliability ranged from 0.799~0.925, and the item-CVI was 0.830~1.000. The principal components factor analysis with orthogonal rotation was conducted and yielded five factors based on the criteria of Eigenvalues greater than 1.00, explaining 64.173% of the total sample variance.(3)Scores on the five dimensions of Nurses' perceived professional benefits questionnaire significantly correlated with the Maslach Burnout Inventory(r=0.209-0.564; P<0.01). The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis indicate that positive professional perception have an negative effect on emotional exhaustion(Beta=-1.370), and personal growth have an negative effect on depersonalization(Beta=-0.402) and a positive effect on personal accomplishment(Beta=-0.767). Conclusion(1)This study defined the conception of nurses' perceived professional benefits and developed a conceptual framework of it as well.(2)Basing on the five themes of nurses' perceived professional benefits in qualitative research and experts' consultation, we develop a nurses' perceived professional benefits questionnaire with high reliability and validity.(3)The survey illustrated that nurses' perceived professional benefits had a predictive effect on their professional attitude. This study can provide a theoretical basis and tool support of cross-sectional study and intervention study of nurses' perceived professional benefits in the future.
Objective To explore what the nurses can benefit from their work in China and develop a conceptual framework of nurses' perceived professional benefits based on reviewing recent research and qualitative interview. To develop a evaluation tool of nurses' perceived professional benefits based on the conceptual framework, as well as to examine the reliability and validity of the tool, so that we can access the level of nurses' perceived professional benefits in China and direct the nursing managers and nursing teachers to carry out interventions on nurses and nursing students to promote their professional psychological health in the future. Methods(1)A qualitative research approach was adopted. A purposive sampling strategy incorporated with snowballing strategies was used to recruit participants from 2 primary, 2 secondary and 8 tertiary hospitals and 1 sanatorium in Shanghai. The sample of participants was selected to vary by post, professional title, department and social demographic characteristics to ensure the data contained a diverse sample. A total of 23 nurses were deeply interviewed. All of the interviews were recorded on digital recorders, and the transcribed into word documents. Data analysis method of the grounded theory was used to coding and refining themes.(2)Developed the nurses' perceived professional benefits questionnaire. The first draft of the questionnaire was developed according to the conceptual framework, and then the formal questionnaire was formed after a two-round Delphi experts' consultation and survey of 274 nurses. The content validity, construct validity, as well as internal reliability, split-half reliability were tested.(3)The convenience sampling was used and the sample for survey comprised 274 registered nurses. The relationship of nurses' professional benefits and burnout(measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory) were assessed by correlation matrices and regression analysis. Results(1)The professional benefits that have been identified by nurses are multifaceted and general. A conceptual framework of nurses' perceived professional benefits includes five themes. They are positive professional perception, good patient-nurse relationship, recognition from families and friends, a sense of belonging to work team and personal growth. The conception of Nurses' perceived benefits is defined as "the benefits and gains nurses perceived from their job, and they approve that being a nurse can promote personal development."(2)Cronbach' s alpha coefficient of the Nurses' perceived professional benefits questionnaire ranged from 0.828~0.963, split-half reliability ranged from 0.799~0.925, and the item-CVI was 0.830~1.000. The principal components factor analysis with orthogonal rotation was conducted and yielded five factors based on the criteria of Eigenvalues greater than 1.00, explaining 64.173% of the total sample variance.(3)Scores on the five dimensions of Nurses' perceived professional benefits questionnaire significantly correlated with the Maslach Burnout Inventory(r=0.209-0.564; P<0.01). The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis indicate that positive professional perception have an negative effect on emotional exhaustion(Beta=-1.370), and personal growth have an negative effect on depersonalization(Beta=-0.402) and a positive effect on personal accomplishment(Beta=-0.767). Conclusion(1)This study defined the conception of nurses' perceived professional benefits and developed a conceptual framework of it as well.(2)Basing on the five themes of nurses' perceived professional benefits in qualitative research and experts' consultation, we develop a nurses' perceived professional benefits questionnaire with high reliability and validity.(3)The survey illustrated that nurses' perceived professional benefits had a predictive effect on their professional attitude. This study can provide a theoretical basis and tool support of cross-sectional study and intervention study of nurses' perceived professional benefits in the future.
引文