基督教与公民宗教
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- 英文论文题名：Christianity and Civil Religion
- 论文作者：崇明
- 英文论文作者：Chong ; Ming
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：华东师范大学政治学系世界政治研究中心;
- 论文关键词：基督教 ; 公民宗教 ; 奥古斯丁 ; 卢梭林肯
- 英文论文关键词：Christianity ; civil religion ; Augustine ; Jean-Jacque ; Rousseau ; Abraham Lincoln
- 会议召开时间：2016-08-01
- 会议录名称：基督教思想评论（总第二十一辑）
- 英文会议录名称：Regent Review of Christian Thoughts
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B978
- 学会代码：ZJWH
- 学会名称：宗教文化出版社
- 页数：18
- 文件大小：963k
- 原文格式：O
摘要
在西方历史中,基督教与公民宗教之间存在着鲜明的张力。在罗马帝国后期,奥古斯丁揭示了罗马公民宗教的虚假、荒谬和不道德及其对罗马人的败坏,否定了公民宗教的政治和道德效用,强调基督教的真理性,确立了基督教对古典公民宗教的优势。在近代西方,卢梭基于基督教的彼岸性及其带来的政治权威与宗教权威的冲突,否定了基督教的政治意义,但他汲取了基督教的某些观念建构了立足于宗教情感和公民义务的公民宗教。美国人基于基督教信仰建构了具有明显基督教色彩的公民宗教,但这一公民宗教有可能被扭曲和滥用,蛻变为危险的民族崇拜,因此需要接受基督教的批判和约束。基督教与公民宗教的兼容及张力使基督教可以为公民宗教提供一种批判性的建构力量。
The history of the western civilization has witnessed striking tensions between Christianity and civil religion. At the end of Roman Empire,Augustine denied the political and moral utility of Roman civil religion by exposing its falsity,absurdity and corruption,and defended Christianity's claim for religious truths in order to establish the superiority of Christianity over antique civil religion. In the modem period, based on his understanding of Christianity as an otherworldly religion and a divisive force in politics and society, Rousseau denied the political value of Christianity. However, he drew from Christianity to create his own civil religion founded on religious sentiments and civil obligations. In the history of the United States from the beginning of its colonial period, a Civil Religion with an evident Christian character has been formed. However, it displayed a strong vulnerability to be abused and distorted and evolved to become a dangerous cult of nationalism,and therefore it needs to be bounded and criticized by Christianity. The compatibility and tension between Christianity and civil religion enables the former to become a critical but constructive resource for civil religion.
The history of the western civilization has witnessed striking tensions between Christianity and civil religion. At the end of Roman Empire,Augustine denied the political and moral utility of Roman civil religion by exposing its falsity,absurdity and corruption,and defended Christianity's claim for religious truths in order to establish the superiority of Christianity over antique civil religion. In the modem period, based on his understanding of Christianity as an otherworldly religion and a divisive force in politics and society, Rousseau denied the political value of Christianity. However, he drew from Christianity to create his own civil religion founded on religious sentiments and civil obligations. In the history of the United States from the beginning of its colonial period, a Civil Religion with an evident Christian character has been formed. However, it displayed a strong vulnerability to be abused and distorted and evolved to become a dangerous cult of nationalism,and therefore it needs to be bounded and criticized by Christianity. The compatibility and tension between Christianity and civil religion enables the former to become a critical but constructive resource for civil religion.
引文
[1]关于公民宗教的定义,参见Ronald Weed,John Von Heyking,Civil Religion in Political Thought:Its Perennial Questions and Enduring Relevance in North America,Washington,D.C:The Catholic University of America Press,2010.pp.vii,2.
[2]V.Bradley Lewis,“Gods for the City and Beyond:Civil Religion in Plato's Laws,”in Ronald Weed,John Von Heyking,Civil Religion in Political Thought,pp.19-46.
[1]罗伯特·贝拉:“宗教与美利坚共和国的正当性”,载苏国勋、刘小枫主编《社会理论的知识学建构》,上海三联书店、华东师范大学出版社,2005年,第162页。
[2]参见Ernest Kantorowicz.,The King's Two Bodies:A Study in Medieval Political Theology.Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1957.
[3]以下关于罗马知识分子对基督教的批判和对罗马公民宗教的捍卫,主要参照了Matthias Riedl,Truth Versus Utility:The Debate on Civil Religion in the Roman Empire of the Third and Fourth Centuries,in Ronald Weed,John Von Heyking,Civil Religion in Political Thought,pp.47-65.
[1]Augustine:The City of God againstthe Pagans.trans R.W.Dyson.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1998.Book iv,chpter 27.以下在文中夹注,格式为City of God卷、章、页码。
[2]关于奥古斯丁对斯凯夫拉的讨论及其引起的争议,参见Ernest Fortin,“Augustine and Roman Civil Religion:Some Critical Reflections”.in Revue d'Etudes Augustiniennes et Patristiques,1980,Vol.26(3),pp.238-256.
[1]这种自然解释在近代得到了尝试,参见培根著:《论古人的智慧》,李春长译,华夏出版社,2006年。
[2]Ernest Fortin,“Augustine and Roman Civil Religion:Some Critical Reflections”pp.255-256.另参见,David.J.Bobb,The Humility of True Religion:Augustine's Critique of Roman Civil Religion,in Ronald Weed,John Von Heyking,Civil Religion in Political Thought,pp.66-92.
[1]Jean-Jacques Rousseau,Du Contrat Social,in Jean-jacques Rousseau,Oeuvres Complètes,ed.Bernard Gagnebin et Marcel Raymond,Gallimard,1959-1995.t.Ⅲ,p.465.以下简称OC.Ⅲ.在文中注出,附加页码。
[1]教化可以包括卢梭在《关于波兰政体的思考》等作品中强调的教育、仪式、节日、示范等等。(参见卢梭:《政治制度论》,刘小枫编,崇明、胡兴建等译,华夏出版社,2013年。)
[1]Alexis de Tocqueville,De la démocratie en Amérique,ed.Edouardo Nolla.Paris:Librairie Philosophique J.Vrin,1990.T.1,p.30.
[2]罗伯特·贝拉:“宗教与美利坚共和国的正当性”,第163页。
[1]关于托克维尔的宗教论述,参见拙著《创造自由:托克维尔的民主思考》,上海三联书店出版社,2014年。
[2]罗伯特·贝拉:“宗教与美利坚共和国的正当性”,第170页。
[1]Robert Bellah,“Civil Religion in America”,in Daedalus Vol.96,No.1,(Winter,1967),pp.1-2 p.17.
[2]Peter Gardella,American Civil Religion:What Americans Hold Sacred.Oxford University Press,2014.p.181.
[3]中译文参见http://www.annian.net/show.aspx?id=12571&cid=14.
[1]Peter Gardella,American Civil Religion,p.184.
[2]Raymond Haberski,God and War:American Civil Religion since 1945.Rutgers University Press,p.51.
[3]Raymond Haberski,God and War,p.42.
[1]Raymond Haberski,God and War,p.102.
[2]Peter Gardella,American Civil Religion:What Americans Hold Sacred.关于美国公民宗教的中文研究,参见任军锋:“神佑美利坚——公民宗教在美国”,《现代政治与道德》,“思想与社会”第5辑,上海三联书店,2006年。
[2]V.Bradley Lewis,“Gods for the City and Beyond:Civil Religion in Plato's Laws,”in Ronald Weed,John Von Heyking,Civil Religion in Political Thought,pp.19-46.
[1]罗伯特·贝拉:“宗教与美利坚共和国的正当性”,载苏国勋、刘小枫主编《社会理论的知识学建构》,上海三联书店、华东师范大学出版社,2005年,第162页。
[2]参见Ernest Kantorowicz.,The King's Two Bodies:A Study in Medieval Political Theology.Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1957.
[3]以下关于罗马知识分子对基督教的批判和对罗马公民宗教的捍卫,主要参照了Matthias Riedl,Truth Versus Utility:The Debate on Civil Religion in the Roman Empire of the Third and Fourth Centuries,in Ronald Weed,John Von Heyking,Civil Religion in Political Thought,pp.47-65.
[1]Augustine:The City of God againstthe Pagans.trans R.W.Dyson.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1998.Book iv,chpter 27.以下在文中夹注,格式为City of God卷、章、页码。
[2]关于奥古斯丁对斯凯夫拉的讨论及其引起的争议,参见Ernest Fortin,“Augustine and Roman Civil Religion:Some Critical Reflections”.in Revue d'Etudes Augustiniennes et Patristiques,1980,Vol.26(3),pp.238-256.
[1]这种自然解释在近代得到了尝试,参见培根著:《论古人的智慧》,李春长译,华夏出版社,2006年。
[2]Ernest Fortin,“Augustine and Roman Civil Religion:Some Critical Reflections”pp.255-256.另参见,David.J.Bobb,The Humility of True Religion:Augustine's Critique of Roman Civil Religion,in Ronald Weed,John Von Heyking,Civil Religion in Political Thought,pp.66-92.
[1]Jean-Jacques Rousseau,Du Contrat Social,in Jean-jacques Rousseau,Oeuvres Complètes,ed.Bernard Gagnebin et Marcel Raymond,Gallimard,1959-1995.t.Ⅲ,p.465.以下简称OC.Ⅲ.在文中注出,附加页码。
[1]教化可以包括卢梭在《关于波兰政体的思考》等作品中强调的教育、仪式、节日、示范等等。(参见卢梭:《政治制度论》,刘小枫编,崇明、胡兴建等译,华夏出版社,2013年。)
[1]Alexis de Tocqueville,De la démocratie en Amérique,ed.Edouardo Nolla.Paris:Librairie Philosophique J.Vrin,1990.T.1,p.30.
[2]罗伯特·贝拉:“宗教与美利坚共和国的正当性”,第163页。
[1]关于托克维尔的宗教论述,参见拙著《创造自由:托克维尔的民主思考》,上海三联书店出版社,2014年。
[2]罗伯特·贝拉:“宗教与美利坚共和国的正当性”,第170页。
[1]Robert Bellah,“Civil Religion in America”,in Daedalus Vol.96,No.1,(Winter,1967),pp.1-2 p.17.
[2]Peter Gardella,American Civil Religion:What Americans Hold Sacred.Oxford University Press,2014.p.181.
[3]中译文参见http://www.annian.net/show.aspx?id=12571&cid=14.
[1]Peter Gardella,American Civil Religion,p.184.
[2]Raymond Haberski,God and War:American Civil Religion since 1945.Rutgers University Press,p.51.
[3]Raymond Haberski,God and War,p.42.
[1]Raymond Haberski,God and War,p.102.
[2]Peter Gardella,American Civil Religion:What Americans Hold Sacred.关于美国公民宗教的中文研究,参见任军锋:“神佑美利坚——公民宗教在美国”,《现代政治与道德》,“思想与社会”第5辑,上海三联书店,2006年。