Managing China's Coastal Environment: Using a Legal and Regulatory Perspective
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- 英文论文题名：Managing China's Coastal Environment: Using a Legal and Regulatory Perspective
- 论文作者：Sheng-nan Chen ; Stuart Pearson
- 英文论文作者：Sheng-nan Chen ; Stuart Pearson ; the Sino-Australian Research Centre for Coastal Management(SARCCM) ; School of PEMS
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：the Sino-Australian Research Centre for Coastal Management(SARCCM);School of PEMS,UNSW Canberra,ACT,Australia;
- 英文论文关键词：Coastal environment ; integrated coastal zone management(ICZM) ; legislation ; institutions
- 会议召开时间：2015-03-01
- 会议录名称：International Journal of Environmental Science and Development Vol.6 No.3
- 语种：英文
- 分类号：P74;X321
- 学会代码：CDYA
- 学会名称：成都亚昂教育咨询有限公司
- 页数：6
- 文件大小：1127k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
China's coastal zone is experiencing rapid population growth, increased economic development and continuing urbanization which exacerbates coastal ecosystem degradation and environmental deterioration.Integrated coastal zone management(ICZM) is adopted by the Chinese government as a promising management mechanism to alleviate the conflicts in economic growth, social stability and environmental protection, so as to achieve more sustainable coastal development.This paper, based on a PhD program on the legal and regulatory framework for ICZM, demonstrates the current legislation and institutions for coastal zone management in China and discussed their constraints in achieving ICZM.The research findings indicated that the Chinese government should manage the coastal zone as one unit with both land and waters being considered.Therefore, a national coastal law is necessary for such a vast country as China and the integration among agencies is essential for the legislation.In addition, it is not reasonable to have the State Oceanic Administration(SOA) as the leading agency for coastal zone management in China, since its jurisdiction does not involve any terrestrial land on the coastal zone.
China's coastal zone is experiencing rapid population growth, increased economic development and continuing urbanization which exacerbates coastal ecosystem degradation and environmental deterioration.Integrated coastal zone management(ICZM) is adopted by the Chinese government as a promising management mechanism to alleviate the conflicts in economic growth, social stability and environmental protection, so as to achieve more sustainable coastal development.This paper, based on a PhD program on the legal and regulatory framework for ICZM, demonstrates the current legislation and institutions for coastal zone management in China and discussed their constraints in achieving ICZM.The research findings indicated that the Chinese government should manage the coastal zone as one unit with both land and waters being considered.Therefore, a national coastal law is necessary for such a vast country as China and the integration among agencies is essential for the legislation.In addition, it is not reasonable to have the State Oceanic Administration(SOA) as the leading agency for coastal zone management in China, since its jurisdiction does not involve any terrestrial land on the coastal zone.
China's coastal zone is experiencing rapid population growth, increased economic development and continuing urbanization which exacerbates coastal ecosystem degradation and environmental deterioration.Integrated coastal zone management(ICZM) is adopted by the Chinese government as a promising management mechanism to alleviate the conflicts in economic growth, social stability and environmental protection, so as to achieve more sustainable coastal development.This paper, based on a PhD program on the legal and regulatory framework for ICZM, demonstrates the current legislation and institutions for coastal zone management in China and discussed their constraints in achieving ICZM.The research findings indicated that the Chinese government should manage the coastal zone as one unit with both land and waters being considered.Therefore, a national coastal law is necessary for such a vast country as China and the integration among agencies is essential for the legislation.In addition, it is not reasonable to have the State Oceanic Administration(SOA) as the leading agency for coastal zone management in China, since its jurisdiction does not involve any terrestrial land on the coastal zone.
引文
[1]X.Wang,X.Xu,S.Pearson,G.Xue,R.Morrison,D.Liu,and P.Shi,―Integrated coastal zone management research in Australia and China,"Labour and Management in Development,vol.11.pp.1-17,2011.
[2]B.Cicin-Sain and R.W.Knecht,Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management:Concepts and Practices,Washington D.C.:Island Press,1998,p.39.
[3]N.Harvey and B.Caton,Coastal Management in Australia,Adelaide:University of Adelaide Press,2010,pp.1-18.
[4]R.Kenchington and D.Crawford,―On the meaning of integration in coastal zone management,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.21,no.1-3,pp.109-127,1993.
[5]J.Sorensen,―The international proliferation of integrated coastal zone management efforts,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.21,no.1-3,pp.45-80,1993.
[6]W.Cao and M.H.Wong,―Current status of coastal zone issues and management in China:A review,"Environment International,vol.33,no.7,pp.985-992,May 2007.
[7]Q.Qin,L.Zhu,A.Ghulam,Z.Li,and P.Nan,―Satellite monitoring of spatio-temperal dynamics of China's coastal zone eco-environments:Preliminary analysis on the relationship between the environment,climate change and human behaviour,"Enviornmental Geology,vol.55,no.8,pp.1687-1698,Oct.2008.
[8]Y.Wang,―Coastal management in China,"in International Conference on Ocean Management in Global Change,P.Fabbri,Ed.London:Elsevier Applied Science,1992,pp.469-479.
[9]X.Q.Wu,M.Gao,D.Wang,Y.Wang,Q.S.Lu and Z.D.Zhang,―Framework and practice of integrated coastal zone management in Shandong Province,China,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.69,pp.58-67,Dec.2012.
[10]X.Xue,H.Hong and A.T.Charles,―Cumulative environmental impacts and integrated coastal management:the case of Xiamen,China,"Journal of Environmental Management,vol.71,no.3,pp.271-283,Jul.2004.
[11]S.Pearson,X.H.Wang,and G.Xue,―Coastal management in China and Australia:Introduction to the special edition,"Labour and Management in Development Journal,vol.11.pp.1-3,2011.
[12]S.Luo,H.Wang,and F.Cai,―An integrated risk assessment of coastal erosion based on fuzzy set theory along Fujian coast,southeast China,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.84,pp.68-76,Nov.2013.
[13]B.Peng,H.Hong,X.Xue,and D.Jin,―On the measurement of socioeconomic benefits of integrated coastal management(ICM):Application to Xiamen,China,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.49,no.3-4,pp.93-109,2006.
[14]C.Shi,S.Hutchinson L.Yu,and S.Xu,―Towards a sustainable coast:an integrated coastal zone management framework for Shanghai,People's Republic of China,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.44,no.5-6,pp.411-427,2001.
[15]C.Shi,S.M.Hutchinson,and S.Xu,―Evaluation of coastal zone sustainability:An integrated approach applied in Shanghai Municipality and Chong Ming Island,"Journal of Environmental Management,vol.71,no.4,pp.335-344,Jul.2004.
[16]T.E.Chua,H.Yu,and G.Q.Chen,―From sectoral to integrated coastal management:A case in Xiamen,China,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.37,no.2,pp.233-251,1997.
[17]G.Ye,L.M.Chou,and W.Hu,―The role of an integrated coastal management framework in the long-term restoration of Yundang Lagoon,Xiamen,China,"Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,pp.1-20,Sep.2013.
[18]J.Q.Lv,P.P.Liu,and Y.Wei,―A quantitative analysis of regional differences in Urban-rural Integration-A case study of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone,"in Frontiers of Green Building,Materials and Civil Engineering,D.Sun,W.P.Sung,and R.Chen,Eds.Stafa-Zurich:Trans Tech Publications Ltd,2011,vol.71-78,pp.4748-4755.
[19]M.S.Karim and R.Hoque,―Integrated coastal zone management and sustainable development of Coastal Area:A short overview of International Legal Framework,"in Integrated Coastal Zone Management,E.Moksness,E.Dahl and J.St?ttrup,Eds.Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell,2009,ch.13,pp.170-179.
[20]J.C.Post and C.G.Lundin,Guidelines for Integrated Coastal Zone Management,Washington,D.C:The World Bank,1996,p.3.
[21]D.R.Rothwell,―The legal framework for ocean and coastal management in Australia,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.33,no.1-3,pp.41-61,1996.
[22]G.Wescott,―Stimulating vertical integration in coastal management in a federated nation:The case of Australian Coastal Policy Reform,"Coastal management,vol.37,no.6,pp.501-513,Nov.2009.
[23]J.Gibson,―Integrated coastal zone management law in the European Union,"Coastal Management,vol.31,no.2,pp.127-136,Oct.2003.
[24]Z.Keyuan,―Implementing marine environmental protection law in China:progress,problems and prospects,"Marine Policy,vol.23,no.3,pp.207-225,May 1999.
[25]F.Zhijie and P.P.C?té,―Coastal zone of PR China:Management approaches and institutions,"Marine Policy,vol.14,no.4,pp.305-314,Jul.1990.
[26]H.Li,―The impacts and implications of the legal framework for sea use planning and management in China,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.49,no.9-10,pp.717-726,2006.
[27]Y.C.Chang,N.Wang,and Y.Zhao,―The current development of the ocean governance mechanism in China,"Coastal Management,vol.41,no.2,pp.120-133,Mar.2013.
[28]S.J.Su,―Seven-year countrywide comprehensive investigations of the coastal zone and tidal land resources,"Ocean and Coastal Zone Development,no.2,pp.30-32,1988.
[29]S.B.Lu and W.Z.Ai,Integrated Coastal Zone Management–Research on Institutional Arrangements and Operating Mechanisms,Beijing:China Ocean Press,2001,pp.127-168.
[30]K.N.Huang and S.L.Huang,―Analysis on legal issues of integrated coastal zone management in China,"Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,no.4,pp.350-354,2010.
[31]K.N.Huang and S.L.Huang,―An exploratory study of integrated coastal zone management in China,"Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,vol.19,no.2,pp.246-251,Mar.2010.
[32]C.Cullinan,Integrated Coastal Management Law:Establishing and Strengthening National Legal Frameworks for Integrated Coastal Management,Rome:Food&Agriculture Org,2006,pp.221-230.
[33]M.Haward,―Institutional framework for Australian ocean and coastal management,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.33,no.1-3,pp.19-39,1996.
[34]M.L.Tissier,D.Roth,M.Bavinck,and L.Visser,Integrated Coastal Management:From Post-graduate to Professional Coastal Manager:A Teaching Manual,Delft:Eburon Academic Publishers,2011,pp.42-46.
[35]S.Chen and J.I.Uitto,―Governing marine and coastal environment in China:Building local government capacity through international cooperation,"China Environment Series,no.6,pp.67-80,2007.
[36]M.Lau,―Integrated coastal zone management in the People's Republic of China—An assessment of structural impacts on decision-making processes,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.48,no.2,pp.115-159,2005.
[37]B.Q.Li,Coastal Zone Management Research,Beijing:China Ocean Press,2011,pp.12-60.
[38]W.W.Zhong,―Analysis on the development of marine management mechanism in China(1949-2009),"Theory Monthly,no.2,2013.
[39]Research Group of Marine Development Strategy Institute in State Oceanic Administration,China’Ocean Development Report(2011),Beijing:China Ocean Press,2011.
[40]H.Hong and X.Xue,―Building up a training base for integrated coastal management through partnerships in Xiamen,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.49,no.9–10,pp.685-695,2006.
[41]X.Y.Zhang and X.Z.Xue,―Evaluation indicators for Integrated Coastal Management(ICM)in China:lessons learned from Xiamen,"Advanced Materials Research,vol.356-360,pp.840-843,2012.
[2]B.Cicin-Sain and R.W.Knecht,Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management:Concepts and Practices,Washington D.C.:Island Press,1998,p.39.
[3]N.Harvey and B.Caton,Coastal Management in Australia,Adelaide:University of Adelaide Press,2010,pp.1-18.
[4]R.Kenchington and D.Crawford,―On the meaning of integration in coastal zone management,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.21,no.1-3,pp.109-127,1993.
[5]J.Sorensen,―The international proliferation of integrated coastal zone management efforts,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.21,no.1-3,pp.45-80,1993.
[6]W.Cao and M.H.Wong,―Current status of coastal zone issues and management in China:A review,"Environment International,vol.33,no.7,pp.985-992,May 2007.
[7]Q.Qin,L.Zhu,A.Ghulam,Z.Li,and P.Nan,―Satellite monitoring of spatio-temperal dynamics of China's coastal zone eco-environments:Preliminary analysis on the relationship between the environment,climate change and human behaviour,"Enviornmental Geology,vol.55,no.8,pp.1687-1698,Oct.2008.
[8]Y.Wang,―Coastal management in China,"in International Conference on Ocean Management in Global Change,P.Fabbri,Ed.London:Elsevier Applied Science,1992,pp.469-479.
[9]X.Q.Wu,M.Gao,D.Wang,Y.Wang,Q.S.Lu and Z.D.Zhang,―Framework and practice of integrated coastal zone management in Shandong Province,China,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.69,pp.58-67,Dec.2012.
[10]X.Xue,H.Hong and A.T.Charles,―Cumulative environmental impacts and integrated coastal management:the case of Xiamen,China,"Journal of Environmental Management,vol.71,no.3,pp.271-283,Jul.2004.
[11]S.Pearson,X.H.Wang,and G.Xue,―Coastal management in China and Australia:Introduction to the special edition,"Labour and Management in Development Journal,vol.11.pp.1-3,2011.
[12]S.Luo,H.Wang,and F.Cai,―An integrated risk assessment of coastal erosion based on fuzzy set theory along Fujian coast,southeast China,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.84,pp.68-76,Nov.2013.
[13]B.Peng,H.Hong,X.Xue,and D.Jin,―On the measurement of socioeconomic benefits of integrated coastal management(ICM):Application to Xiamen,China,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.49,no.3-4,pp.93-109,2006.
[14]C.Shi,S.Hutchinson L.Yu,and S.Xu,―Towards a sustainable coast:an integrated coastal zone management framework for Shanghai,People's Republic of China,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.44,no.5-6,pp.411-427,2001.
[15]C.Shi,S.M.Hutchinson,and S.Xu,―Evaluation of coastal zone sustainability:An integrated approach applied in Shanghai Municipality and Chong Ming Island,"Journal of Environmental Management,vol.71,no.4,pp.335-344,Jul.2004.
[16]T.E.Chua,H.Yu,and G.Q.Chen,―From sectoral to integrated coastal management:A case in Xiamen,China,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.37,no.2,pp.233-251,1997.
[17]G.Ye,L.M.Chou,and W.Hu,―The role of an integrated coastal management framework in the long-term restoration of Yundang Lagoon,Xiamen,China,"Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,pp.1-20,Sep.2013.
[18]J.Q.Lv,P.P.Liu,and Y.Wei,―A quantitative analysis of regional differences in Urban-rural Integration-A case study of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone,"in Frontiers of Green Building,Materials and Civil Engineering,D.Sun,W.P.Sung,and R.Chen,Eds.Stafa-Zurich:Trans Tech Publications Ltd,2011,vol.71-78,pp.4748-4755.
[19]M.S.Karim and R.Hoque,―Integrated coastal zone management and sustainable development of Coastal Area:A short overview of International Legal Framework,"in Integrated Coastal Zone Management,E.Moksness,E.Dahl and J.St?ttrup,Eds.Oxford:Wiley-Blackwell,2009,ch.13,pp.170-179.
[20]J.C.Post and C.G.Lundin,Guidelines for Integrated Coastal Zone Management,Washington,D.C:The World Bank,1996,p.3.
[21]D.R.Rothwell,―The legal framework for ocean and coastal management in Australia,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.33,no.1-3,pp.41-61,1996.
[22]G.Wescott,―Stimulating vertical integration in coastal management in a federated nation:The case of Australian Coastal Policy Reform,"Coastal management,vol.37,no.6,pp.501-513,Nov.2009.
[23]J.Gibson,―Integrated coastal zone management law in the European Union,"Coastal Management,vol.31,no.2,pp.127-136,Oct.2003.
[24]Z.Keyuan,―Implementing marine environmental protection law in China:progress,problems and prospects,"Marine Policy,vol.23,no.3,pp.207-225,May 1999.
[25]F.Zhijie and P.P.C?té,―Coastal zone of PR China:Management approaches and institutions,"Marine Policy,vol.14,no.4,pp.305-314,Jul.1990.
[26]H.Li,―The impacts and implications of the legal framework for sea use planning and management in China,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.49,no.9-10,pp.717-726,2006.
[27]Y.C.Chang,N.Wang,and Y.Zhao,―The current development of the ocean governance mechanism in China,"Coastal Management,vol.41,no.2,pp.120-133,Mar.2013.
[28]S.J.Su,―Seven-year countrywide comprehensive investigations of the coastal zone and tidal land resources,"Ocean and Coastal Zone Development,no.2,pp.30-32,1988.
[29]S.B.Lu and W.Z.Ai,Integrated Coastal Zone Management–Research on Institutional Arrangements and Operating Mechanisms,Beijing:China Ocean Press,2001,pp.127-168.
[30]K.N.Huang and S.L.Huang,―Analysis on legal issues of integrated coastal zone management in China,"Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,no.4,pp.350-354,2010.
[31]K.N.Huang and S.L.Huang,―An exploratory study of integrated coastal zone management in China,"Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,vol.19,no.2,pp.246-251,Mar.2010.
[32]C.Cullinan,Integrated Coastal Management Law:Establishing and Strengthening National Legal Frameworks for Integrated Coastal Management,Rome:Food&Agriculture Org,2006,pp.221-230.
[33]M.Haward,―Institutional framework for Australian ocean and coastal management,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.33,no.1-3,pp.19-39,1996.
[34]M.L.Tissier,D.Roth,M.Bavinck,and L.Visser,Integrated Coastal Management:From Post-graduate to Professional Coastal Manager:A Teaching Manual,Delft:Eburon Academic Publishers,2011,pp.42-46.
[35]S.Chen and J.I.Uitto,―Governing marine and coastal environment in China:Building local government capacity through international cooperation,"China Environment Series,no.6,pp.67-80,2007.
[36]M.Lau,―Integrated coastal zone management in the People's Republic of China—An assessment of structural impacts on decision-making processes,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.48,no.2,pp.115-159,2005.
[37]B.Q.Li,Coastal Zone Management Research,Beijing:China Ocean Press,2011,pp.12-60.
[38]W.W.Zhong,―Analysis on the development of marine management mechanism in China(1949-2009),"Theory Monthly,no.2,2013.
[39]Research Group of Marine Development Strategy Institute in State Oceanic Administration,China’Ocean Development Report(2011),Beijing:China Ocean Press,2011.
[40]H.Hong and X.Xue,―Building up a training base for integrated coastal management through partnerships in Xiamen,"Ocean&Coastal Management,vol.49,no.9–10,pp.685-695,2006.
[41]X.Y.Zhang and X.Z.Xue,―Evaluation indicators for Integrated Coastal Management(ICM)in China:lessons learned from Xiamen,"Advanced Materials Research,vol.356-360,pp.840-843,2012.