Optimum Operation on Electric Vehicles Considering Battery Degradation in V2G System
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- 英文论文题名：Optimum Operation on Electric Vehicles Considering Battery Degradation in V2G System
- 论文作者：Qi Li ; Jianxiao Zou ; Liying Li
- 英文论文作者：Qi Li ; Jianxiao Zou ; Liying Li ; School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- 年：2017
- 作者机构：School of Automation Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China;
- 英文论文关键词：Battery degradation ; electric vehicles(EVs) ; frequency regulation ; Lithium battery ; optimum operation ; vehicle-to-grid system(V2G)
- 会议召开时间：2017-07-26
- 会议录名称：第36届中国控制会议论文集（B）
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 36th Chinese Control Conference（B）
- 语种：英文
- 分类号：TM73
- 学会代码：KZLL
- 会议名称：第36届中国控制会议
- 会议地点：中国辽宁大连
- 主办单位：中国自动化学会控制理论专业委员会
- 学会名称：中国自动化学会控制理论专业委员会
- 页数：6
- 文件大小：492k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
In vehicle-to-grid system(V2G), a great number of electric vehicles(EVs) can form a massive energy storage to perform the operation of charging, discharging and providing frequency regulation for the grid. This process may lead to battery degradation of the EVs. In this paper, we propose to optimize the operation of EVs in each hour to maximize the user's total revenue, where Lithium battery is used for the EVs and the battery degradation is considered. Here, battery degradation includes two parts, one is the degradation caused by battery temperature during EVs' charging and discharging; another is the degradation caused by the depth of discharge(DoD). Considering the real-time electricity price, the optimum operation of each hour, i.e.,charging, discharging or frequency regulation, can be obtained by V2G control center. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate that an optimum operation in each hour can be obtained to maximize the users profit. It also shows that large charging or discharging rate, and DoD reduces the battery's capacity and life cycle, which finally leads to the loss of user's benefit.
In vehicle-to-grid system(V2G), a great number of electric vehicles(EVs) can form a massive energy storage to perform the operation of charging, discharging and providing frequency regulation for the grid. This process may lead to battery degradation of the EVs. In this paper, we propose to optimize the operation of EVs in each hour to maximize the user's total revenue, where Lithium battery is used for the EVs and the battery degradation is considered. Here, battery degradation includes two parts, one is the degradation caused by battery temperature during EVs' charging and discharging; another is the degradation caused by the depth of discharge(DoD). Considering the real-time electricity price, the optimum operation of each hour, i.e.,charging, discharging or frequency regulation, can be obtained by V2G control center. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate that an optimum operation in each hour can be obtained to maximize the users profit. It also shows that large charging or discharging rate, and DoD reduces the battery's capacity and life cycle, which finally leads to the loss of user's benefit.
In vehicle-to-grid system(V2G), a great number of electric vehicles(EVs) can form a massive energy storage to perform the operation of charging, discharging and providing frequency regulation for the grid. This process may lead to battery degradation of the EVs. In this paper, we propose to optimize the operation of EVs in each hour to maximize the user's total revenue, where Lithium battery is used for the EVs and the battery degradation is considered. Here, battery degradation includes two parts, one is the degradation caused by battery temperature during EVs' charging and discharging; another is the degradation caused by the depth of discharge(DoD). Considering the real-time electricity price, the optimum operation of each hour, i.e.,charging, discharging or frequency regulation, can be obtained by V2G control center. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate that an optimum operation in each hour can be obtained to maximize the users profit. It also shows that large charging or discharging rate, and DoD reduces the battery's capacity and life cycle, which finally leads to the loss of user's benefit.
引文
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[14]P.Rong,P.Massoud,An analytical model for predicting the remaining battery capacity of lithium-ion batteries,IEEE Trans.on Very Large Scale Intergration System,2006,14(5),441-451.
[15]R.Sponitz,Simulation of capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries,Journal of Power Sources,2003,113,72-80.
[16]A.Barre,B.Deguilhem,S.Grolleau,M.Gerard,F.Suard and D.Riu,A review on lithium-ion battery ageing mechanisms and estimations for automotive applications,Journal of Power Sources,2013,241,680-689.
[17]M.Kassem,J.Bernard,R.Revel,S.Pelissier,F.Duclaud and C.Delacourt,Calendar aging of a graphite/Li P O4 cell,Journal of Power Sources,2012,208,296-305.
[18]C.K.Zhou,K.J.Qian,M.Allan and W.J.Zhou,Modeling of the cost of EV battery wear due to V2G application in power systems,IEEE Trans.on Energy Conversation,Vol.26,No.4,pp.,2011,26(4),1041-1050.
[19]PJM Interconnection,http://www.pjm.com/.
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[2]W.Chang,M.Lukasiewycz,S.Steinhorst,S.Chakraborty,Dimensioning and configuration of EES systems for electric vehicles with boundary-conditioned adaptive scalarization,in Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis,October 2013.
[3]A.N.Brooks,Vehicle-to-grid demonstration project:grid regulation ancillary service with a battery electric vehicle,in Proceedings of California Air Resources Board,Sacramento,USA,December 2002.
[4]M.E.El-Hawary,The Smart Grid:State-of-the-art and Future Trends,Elect.Power Compon.Syst.,2014,42(3-4):239-250
[5]T.B.Gage,Development and evaluation of a plug-in hev with vehicle-to-grid power flow AC propulsion,AC Propulsion Inc,USA,December 2003.
[6]W.Kempton,J.Tomic,Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals:calculating capacity and net revenue,Journal of Power Sources,2005,144(1):268-279.
[7]W.Kempton,A.Dhanju,Electric vehicles with V2G:storage for large-scale wind power,Wind Tech International,2006,2(2),18-21.
[8]W.B.Shi,V.W.S.Wong,Real-Time vehicle-to-grid control algorithm under price uncertainty,IEEE Interconnections and Communications of Electric Vehicles and Smart Grids,2011:261-266.
[9]S.M.Rezvanizaniani,Z.C.Liu,Y.Chen and J.Lee,Review and recent advances in battery health monitoring and prognostics technologies for electric vehicle(EV)safety and mobility,Journal of Power Sources,2014,256(12):110-124.
[10]A.Farmann,W Waag,A.Marongiu and D.U.Sauer,An critical review of on-board capacity estimation techniques for lithiumion batteries in electric and hybrid electric vehicles,Journal of Power Sources,2015,281:114-130.
[11]K.J.Qian,C.K.Zhou,Y.Yuan and M.Allan,Temperature effect on electric vehicle battery life cycle in vehicle-to-grid applications,in Proceedings of China International Conference on Electricity Distribution,2010.
[12]R.K.Jaworski,Effects of nonlinearity of arrhenius equation on predictions of time to failure for batteries exposed to fluctuating temperatures,in Proceedings of Telecommunications Energy Conference,1998.
[13]G.Lacey,G.Putrus,T.X.Jiang and R.Kotter,The effect of cycling on the state of health of the electric vehicle battery,in Proceedings of Power Engineering Conference,2013.
[14]P.Rong,P.Massoud,An analytical model for predicting the remaining battery capacity of lithium-ion batteries,IEEE Trans.on Very Large Scale Intergration System,2006,14(5),441-451.
[15]R.Sponitz,Simulation of capacity fade in lithium-ion batteries,Journal of Power Sources,2003,113,72-80.
[16]A.Barre,B.Deguilhem,S.Grolleau,M.Gerard,F.Suard and D.Riu,A review on lithium-ion battery ageing mechanisms and estimations for automotive applications,Journal of Power Sources,2013,241,680-689.
[17]M.Kassem,J.Bernard,R.Revel,S.Pelissier,F.Duclaud and C.Delacourt,Calendar aging of a graphite/Li P O4 cell,Journal of Power Sources,2012,208,296-305.
[18]C.K.Zhou,K.J.Qian,M.Allan and W.J.Zhou,Modeling of the cost of EV battery wear due to V2G application in power systems,IEEE Trans.on Energy Conversation,Vol.26,No.4,pp.,2011,26(4),1041-1050.
[19]PJM Interconnection,http://www.pjm.com/.
[20]G Liu,L.Lu,J.Li,M.Ouyang,Thermal modeling of a LiFePO4 Graphite battery and Research on the Influence of Battery Temperature Rise on EV driving range estimation,in Proceedings of Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference,2013.
[21]J.Penna,C.Nascimento and L.R.Rodrigues,Health monitoring and remaining useful life estimation of lithium-ion aeronautical batteries,in Proceedings of Aerospace Conference,2012.