趋近、回避动机系统的个体差异对冲突效应和冲突适应效应的影响
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- 英文论文题名：The influence of individual difference in approach and avoidance motivation system on conflict effect and conflict adaptation
- 论文作者：曲之毅 ; 刘惠军
- 英文论文作者：Qu Zhiyi ; Liu Huijun ; The institute of Psychology at Tianjin Medical University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：天津医科大学心理学研究所;
- 论文关键词：趋近动机 ; 回避动机 ; 冲突效应 ; 冲突适应
- 英文论文关键词：approach motivation ; avoidance motivation ; conflict effect ; conflict adaptation
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B848
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：795k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
趋近和回避是动机的两种最基本形式,反应着个体与环境的相互作用方式,是人类趋利避害,适应环境的核心机能。趋近动机系统负责调节获得奖励、实现目标的趋近行为,与乐观、冲动、以奖赏为导向的人格有关;回避动机系统负责调节避免威胁和惩罚的回避行为。本研究以大学生为被试,采用行为激活‐行为抑制系统问卷(简称BAS/BIS问卷)评估个体的特质性趋近/回避动机差异,分别采用认知和情绪词汇的Flanker范式诱发认知冲突和情绪冲突。结果发现BIS与任务类型、冲突效应之间存在显著的交互作用,即在认知和情感Flanker任务中,相对于目标词与干扰词一致的情况(M_(认知)=870.0,SD_(认知)=322.9;M_(情感)=834.3,SD_(情感)=275.9),BIS高组的被试在目标词和干扰词不一致的情况下(M_(认知)=926.3,SD_(认知)=341.8;M_(情感)=879.1,SD_(情感)=312.7)反应时更长(p_(认知)<.001;p_(情感)<.01),而BIS中组和低组的被试没有发现任何的显著差异。进一步分析BAS低/BIS低、BAS高/BIS高、BAS低/BIS高和BAS高/BIS低这四组被试在冲突效应上的差异。结果发现,在认知和情感Flanker任务中,相对于目标词与干扰词一致的情况(M_(认知)=1054.4,SD_(认知)=269.7;M_(情感)=1031.7,SD_(情感)=243.1),BAS高组的被试在目标词和干扰词不一致的情况下(M_(认知)=1097.8,SD_(认知)=266.0;M_(情感)=1067.5,SD_(情感)=251.3)反应时更长(p_(认知)<.001;p_(情感)<.01),而BAS低组的被试没有任何显著差异。此外,对BAS和BIS在不同任务中的冲突适应效应分析也没有发现组间差异。研究表明:(1)趋近性动机和回避性动机水平高的个体存在显著的认知和情感的冲突效应;(2)个体的趋近性动机和回避性动机强度对冲突适应效应没有影响。BAS、BIS的高低水平与抑郁、轻度躁狂、广泛性焦虑和注意缺失多动障碍相关联,提示我们在今后研究中可以将冲突的识别或监测功能作为BAS、BIS个体差异与心理健康关系的内部机制来分析。
The most fundamental systems of motivation are approach and avoidance, which reflect how individuals interact with the environment and represent the core functions of individuals' adaptation to the environment. Approach motivation system as one related to positive emotionality, assertiveness, and reward-related personality mediates the responses to achieving potential rewards and goals, whereas avoidance motivation system mediates the responses to avoiding threat and punishment. The college students were administered by the Behavioral Activation and Behavioral inhibition Scales(BAS-BIS Questionnaire) to assess the individual difference in the trait approach and avoidance motivation system. The Flanker tasks with cognitive and emotional word stimuli were used to examine the cognitive and emotional conflict effect respectively. It was found that there was significant interactive effect among BIS, task type and congruency effect, suggesting that the response time to the incongruent trials was significantly longer that that to congruent trials in both cognitive and emotional Flanker word task for the high BIS group. But no significant results were found for moderate and low BIS groups. Further analyses focused on the conflict effects for four groups including low BAS/low BIS group, high BAS/high BIS group, low BAS/high BIS group and high BAS/low BIS. The result revealed that response time to the incongruent trials was significantly longer than that to congruent trials in both cognitive and emotional Flanker word tasks for high BAS group. But no significant results were found for low BAS group. Furthermore, group difference was not found for conflict adaptation effect in both tasks. The study indicates that, on one hand, individuals with high approach and avoidance motivation level are more likely to demonstrate strong cognitive and emotional conflict. On the other hand, trait approach and avoidance motivation level don't have influence on conflict adaptation effect. The level of trait approach and avoidance motivation level is associated with mental disorders such as depression, hypomania, generalized anxiety disorder and ADHD, implying that the function of conflict detection and monitoring may be the underlying mechanism by the relationship between the individual differences in BAS/BIS and mental health.
The most fundamental systems of motivation are approach and avoidance, which reflect how individuals interact with the environment and represent the core functions of individuals' adaptation to the environment. Approach motivation system as one related to positive emotionality, assertiveness, and reward-related personality mediates the responses to achieving potential rewards and goals, whereas avoidance motivation system mediates the responses to avoiding threat and punishment. The college students were administered by the Behavioral Activation and Behavioral inhibition Scales(BAS-BIS Questionnaire) to assess the individual difference in the trait approach and avoidance motivation system. The Flanker tasks with cognitive and emotional word stimuli were used to examine the cognitive and emotional conflict effect respectively. It was found that there was significant interactive effect among BIS, task type and congruency effect, suggesting that the response time to the incongruent trials was significantly longer that that to congruent trials in both cognitive and emotional Flanker word task for the high BIS group. But no significant results were found for moderate and low BIS groups. Further analyses focused on the conflict effects for four groups including low BAS/low BIS group, high BAS/high BIS group, low BAS/high BIS group and high BAS/low BIS. The result revealed that response time to the incongruent trials was significantly longer than that to congruent trials in both cognitive and emotional Flanker word tasks for high BAS group. But no significant results were found for low BAS group. Furthermore, group difference was not found for conflict adaptation effect in both tasks. The study indicates that, on one hand, individuals with high approach and avoidance motivation level are more likely to demonstrate strong cognitive and emotional conflict. On the other hand, trait approach and avoidance motivation level don't have influence on conflict adaptation effect. The level of trait approach and avoidance motivation level is associated with mental disorders such as depression, hypomania, generalized anxiety disorder and ADHD, implying that the function of conflict detection and monitoring may be the underlying mechanism by the relationship between the individual differences in BAS/BIS and mental health.
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