性别特征对面孔识别性别差异的影响
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- 英文论文题名：Gender differences in face recognition:the effect of sexual characteristics
- 论文作者：吴晓颖 ; 周玉芹 ; 曹立人
- 英文论文作者：Xiaoying WU ; Yuqin ZHOU ; Liren CAO ; Department of Psychology ; Zhejiang University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：浙江大学心理与行为科学系;
- 论文关键词：面孔识别 ; 性别差异 ; 性别特征 ; 自我性别偏见
- 英文论文关键词：face recognition ; gender differences ; sexual characteristics ; own-gender bias
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842.3
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：741k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
面孔是一个生态显著刺激,承载了大量的社会信息,如性别、年龄、身份等。前人的研究发现女性对面孔的识别绩效显著好于男性,同时女性被试对女性面孔的记忆优于对男性面孔的记忆,而男性在面孔再认中没有表现出这种自我性别的偏见。本研究采用"学习——再认"范式,试图通过控制面孔刺激性别特征对比的强弱和性别特征线索的多少,探讨面孔再认过程中,性别特征因素对不同性别被试再认绩效和自我性别偏见效应的影响。实验为2(被试性别)×2(面孔性别)×2(实验序列)的混合实验设计,考察了不同性别组合的实验序列下(单一性别面孔刺激、混合性别面孔刺激)的面孔再认绩效。研究者认为在单一性别面孔识记的条件下,被试受面孔本身性别特征的干扰最小,若此时对某一性别面孔再认的绩效显著好于另一性别面孔,则说明确实存在对该性别面孔的再认偏好,而不是出于认知策略上的考量。前人研究中指出轮廓特征为被试判断面孔性别的重要特征,仅次于眉眼特征。研究者设计了两个实验来考察性别特征数量对面孔再认绩效的影响。实验一使用了正立的中立表情的全脸刺激(包括面孔外轮廓),而实验二使用只剩内部特征的中立表情面孔刺激。实验二中面孔的性别特征少于实验一,被试对面孔刺激的性别判断也将变得更为困难。综合实验一、二,结果发现:1)女性被试面孔再认绩效好于男性;2)被试在混合性别序列中的再认绩效好于单一性别序列;3)在单一性别序列中,女性被试只在实验一条件下表现出显著地自我性别偏见效应,而男性被试只在实验二条件下表现出显著的自我性别偏见。本研究再一次证实了前人的研究,女性在面孔记忆再认方面具有优势。同时也发现被试对于混合性别序列面孔的再认是有一定的认知策略的,这种策略基于对面孔性别的分类判断。男女被试在不同的特定条件下分别能表现出自我性别偏见,说明自我性别的优势是真实存在的,只是不同性别被试对性别特征的感知不同。
Human face is a ecologically-salient stimuli with a lot of social information(e.g. gender, age and identity). Prior researchers have demonstrated that women remember more female than male faces, whereas men do not seem to display an own-gender bias in face recognition. This study adopts the "learning- recognition" research paradigm. It controls the strength of sexual characteristics and processing stage to explore the effect of sexual characteristics on face recognition and own-gender bias. With a 2(gender of subjects)×2(gender of faces)×2(trial series) mixed experimental design, we examine the performance of face recognition under different trial series.(One is a single-sex trial which include female or male faces only; the other is a mixed-sex trial which is consist of both female and male faces fairly.) At the same time, Sthdy1 uses whole face stimulus which contain facial profiles, and Study 2 uses oval face stimulus which only contain internal characteristics. The result finds: 1) women have higher recognition performance than men under different trial conditions; 2) subjects perform better in mixed-sex trials rather than single-sex trials; 3) in single-sex trials, women have own-gender bias just under Study 1's condition and men have own-gender bias just under Study 2's condition. This study confirms that women do better than men in face recognition. And in mixed-sex trials, subjects always use some cognitive strategies which are based on sex discrimination and classification to remember faces. It also finds that no matter males or females, the own-gender bias in face recognition really exist.
Human face is a ecologically-salient stimuli with a lot of social information(e.g. gender, age and identity). Prior researchers have demonstrated that women remember more female than male faces, whereas men do not seem to display an own-gender bias in face recognition. This study adopts the "learning- recognition" research paradigm. It controls the strength of sexual characteristics and processing stage to explore the effect of sexual characteristics on face recognition and own-gender bias. With a 2(gender of subjects)×2(gender of faces)×2(trial series) mixed experimental design, we examine the performance of face recognition under different trial series.(One is a single-sex trial which include female or male faces only; the other is a mixed-sex trial which is consist of both female and male faces fairly.) At the same time, Sthdy1 uses whole face stimulus which contain facial profiles, and Study 2 uses oval face stimulus which only contain internal characteristics. The result finds: 1) women have higher recognition performance than men under different trial conditions; 2) subjects perform better in mixed-sex trials rather than single-sex trials; 3) in single-sex trials, women have own-gender bias just under Study 1's condition and men have own-gender bias just under Study 2's condition. This study confirms that women do better than men in face recognition. And in mixed-sex trials, subjects always use some cognitive strategies which are based on sex discrimination and classification to remember faces. It also finds that no matter males or females, the own-gender bias in face recognition really exist.
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