Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous VOCs Using N Doped TiO_2:Comparison of Photocatalytic Degradation under Visible and Sunlight Irradiation
详细信息 查看官网全文
- 英文论文题名：Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous VOCs Using N Doped TiO_2:Comparison of Photocatalytic Degradation under Visible and Sunlight Irradiation
- 论文作者：V.S.Priya ; Ligy Philip
- 英文论文作者：V.S.Priya ; Ligy Philip ; Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division ; Department of Civil Engineering
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division,Department of Civil Engineering;
- 英文论文关键词：Band gap energy ; N doped TiO_2 ; pharmaceutical wastewater ; visible light irradiation
- 会议召开时间：2015-04-01
- 会议录名称：International Journal of Environmental Science and Development Vol.6 No.4
- 语种：英文
- 分类号：X787
- 学会代码：CDYA
- 学会名称：成都亚昂教育咨询有限公司
- 页数：6
- 文件大小：1383k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
Present study deals with the photocatalytic degradation of low concentrations of VOCs like methanol, acetone, dichloromethane(DCM), benzene and toluene that are found in the pharmaceutical wastewater. The synthesized N doped TiO_2 were used. N doped TiO_2 with the reduced band gap energy of 2.91 ev exhibited a complete degradation of the target VOCs in the presence of visible and sunlight. Kinetic study indicated that the rate of degradation of the target solvents was high in the presence of sunlight than when compared to visible irradiation. This may be due to the presence of the UV radiation in the natural sunlight. Irrespective of irradiation, the order of degradation of VOCs for the N doped TiO_2 was: benzene > toluene > DCM > methanol >acetone. For mixed pollutant condition, individual pollutants followed similar degradation pattern as single pollutant system. This study has proven the suitability of photocatalysis as an alternative polishing treatment for pharmaceutical wastewaters.
Present study deals with the photocatalytic degradation of low concentrations of VOCs like methanol, acetone, dichloromethane(DCM), benzene and toluene that are found in the pharmaceutical wastewater. The synthesized N doped TiO_2 were used. N doped TiO_2 with the reduced band gap energy of 2.91 ev exhibited a complete degradation of the target VOCs in the presence of visible and sunlight. Kinetic study indicated that the rate of degradation of the target solvents was high in the presence of sunlight than when compared to visible irradiation. This may be due to the presence of the UV radiation in the natural sunlight. Irrespective of irradiation, the order of degradation of VOCs for the N doped TiO_2 was: benzene > toluene > DCM > methanol >acetone. For mixed pollutant condition, individual pollutants followed similar degradation pattern as single pollutant system. This study has proven the suitability of photocatalysis as an alternative polishing treatment for pharmaceutical wastewaters.
Present study deals with the photocatalytic degradation of low concentrations of VOCs like methanol, acetone, dichloromethane(DCM), benzene and toluene that are found in the pharmaceutical wastewater. The synthesized N doped TiO_2 were used. N doped TiO_2 with the reduced band gap energy of 2.91 ev exhibited a complete degradation of the target VOCs in the presence of visible and sunlight. Kinetic study indicated that the rate of degradation of the target solvents was high in the presence of sunlight than when compared to visible irradiation. This may be due to the presence of the UV radiation in the natural sunlight. Irrespective of irradiation, the order of degradation of VOCs for the N doped TiO_2 was: benzene > toluene > DCM > methanol >acetone. For mixed pollutant condition, individual pollutants followed similar degradation pattern as single pollutant system. This study has proven the suitability of photocatalysis as an alternative polishing treatment for pharmaceutical wastewaters.
引文
[1]K.Grodowska and A.Parczewsk,“Organic solvents in the pharmaceutical industry,”Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica-Drug Research,vol.67,pp.3-12,Jan.2010.
[2]C.S.Slater and M.Savelski,“A method to characterize the greenness of solvents used in pharmaceutical manufacture,”Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A,vol.42,pp.1-11,July2007.
[3]I.Labunska,A.Stephenson,A.K.Brigden,D.Santillo,R.Stringer,P.A.Johnston,and J.M.Ashton.(1999).A Greenpeace Investigation of Gujarat industrial estates,organic and heavy metal contaminants in samples taken at three industrial estates in Gujarat,India.[Online].Available:http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/internati onal/planet-2/report/1999/11/toxic-hotspots-a-greenpeace.pdf
[4]H.Melcer,J.P.Bell,R.L.Corsi,B.Mac Gillivray,and P.Child.(1993).Stripping and volatilisation in wastewater facilities.[Online].Available:http://www.brownandcaldwell.com/Tech_Papers/145.pdf.
[5]S.K.Kansal and M.Chopra,“Photocatalytic degradation of 2,6-Dichlorophenol in aqueous phase using titania as a photocatalyst,”Engineering,vol.4,pp.416-420,Aug.2012.
[6]Y.Huang,W.Ho,S.Lee,L.Zhang,G.Li,and J.C.Yu,“Effect of carbon doping on the mesoporous structure of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide and its solar-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of NOx,”Langmuir,vol.24,pp.3510-3516,Feb.2008.
[7]J.Sun,L.Qiao,S.Sun,and G.Wang,“Photocatalytic degradation of orange G on nitrogen-doped Ti O2 catalysts under visible light and sunlight irradiation,”Journal of Hazardous Materials,vol.155,pp.312-319,Nov.2007.
[8]J.C.Yu,W.Ho,J.Yu,H.Yip,P.K.Wong,and J.Zhao,“Efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic disinfection on sulfur-doped nanocrystalline titania,”Environmental Science and Technology,vol.39,pp.1175 1179,Jan.2005.
[9]Y.Liu,Y,J.He,Y.Sun,J.Hu,C.Li,G.Xue,and S.Ognier,“Acomparison of N-doped Ti O2 photocatalysts preparation methods and studies on their catalytic activity,”Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,vol.88,pp.1815-1821,Dec.2102.
[10]Z.Wang,W.Cai,X.Hong,X.Zhao,F.Xu,and C.Cai,“Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous nitrogen-doped Ti O2 suspensions with various light sources,”Applied Catalalysis B:Environmental,vol.57,pp.223-231,Dec.2004.
[11]J.Senthilnathan and L.Philip,“Photocatalytic degradation of lindane under UV and visible light using N-doped Ti O2,”Chemical Engineering Journal,vol.161,pp.83-92,April 2010.
[12]D.Li,H.Haneda,S.Hishita,and N.Ohashi,“Visible-light-driven nitrogen-doped Ti O2 photocatalysts:effect of nitrogen precursors on their photocatalysis for decomposition of gas-phase organic pollutants,”Materials Science and Engineering B,vol.117,pp.67-77,2005.
[13]O.D.Hennezel,P.Pichat,and D.F.Ollis,“Benzene and toluene gas-phase photocatalytic degradation over H2O and HCL pretreated Ti O2:by-products and mechanism,”Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry,vol.118,pp.197-204,Aug.1998.
[14]T.Tachikawa,Y.Takai,S.Tojo,M.Fujitsuka,H.Irie,K.Hashimoto,and T.Majima,“Visible light-induced degradation of ethylene glycol on nitrogen-doped Ti O2 powders”Journal of Physical Chemistry B,vol.110,pp.13158-13165,2006.
[15]A.L.Linsebigler,G.Lu,and Jr.J.T.Yates,“Photocatalysis on Ti O2Surfaces:Principles,mechanisms,and selected results,”Chemical Reviews,vol.95,pp.735-758,1995.
[16]E.F.Arribas and R.J.Madix,“Role of defects in the adsorption of aliphatic alcohols on the Ti O2(110)surface,”Journal of Physical Chemistry B,vol.106,pp.10680-10692,2002.
[17]Y.Cong,J.Zhang,F.Chen,and M.Anpo,“Synthesis and characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Ti O2 Nanophotocatalyst with high visible light activity,”Journal of Physical Chemistry C,vol.111,pp.6976-6982,March 2007.
[18]Y.Irokawa,T.Morikawa,K.Aoki,S.Kosaka,T.Ohwaki,and Y.Taga,“Photodegradation of toluene over Ti O2-xNx under visible light irradiation,”Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,vol.8,pp.1116-1121,Jan.2006.
[19]Z.Wu,F.Dong,W.Zhao,and S.Guo,“Visible light induced electron transfer process over nitrogen doped Ti O2 nanocrystals prepared by oxidation of titanium nitride,”Journal of Hazardous Materials,vol.157,pp.57-63,2008.
[20]C.Renzia,C.Guillard,J.M.Herrmann,and P.P.G.Baldi,“Effects of methanol,formamide,acetone and acetate ions on phenol disappearance rate and aromatic products in UV-irradiated Ti O2aqueous suspensions,”Chemosphere,vol.35,pp.819-826 March1997.
[21]Y.P.Zhang,R.Yang,Q.J.Xu,and J.H.Mo,“Characteristics of photocatalytic oxidation of toluene,benzene and their mixture,”Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association,vol.57,pp.94-101,Jan.2007.
[2]C.S.Slater and M.Savelski,“A method to characterize the greenness of solvents used in pharmaceutical manufacture,”Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A,vol.42,pp.1-11,July2007.
[3]I.Labunska,A.Stephenson,A.K.Brigden,D.Santillo,R.Stringer,P.A.Johnston,and J.M.Ashton.(1999).A Greenpeace Investigation of Gujarat industrial estates,organic and heavy metal contaminants in samples taken at three industrial estates in Gujarat,India.[Online].Available:http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/internati onal/planet-2/report/1999/11/toxic-hotspots-a-greenpeace.pdf
[4]H.Melcer,J.P.Bell,R.L.Corsi,B.Mac Gillivray,and P.Child.(1993).Stripping and volatilisation in wastewater facilities.[Online].Available:http://www.brownandcaldwell.com/Tech_Papers/145.pdf.
[5]S.K.Kansal and M.Chopra,“Photocatalytic degradation of 2,6-Dichlorophenol in aqueous phase using titania as a photocatalyst,”Engineering,vol.4,pp.416-420,Aug.2012.
[6]Y.Huang,W.Ho,S.Lee,L.Zhang,G.Li,and J.C.Yu,“Effect of carbon doping on the mesoporous structure of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide and its solar-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of NOx,”Langmuir,vol.24,pp.3510-3516,Feb.2008.
[7]J.Sun,L.Qiao,S.Sun,and G.Wang,“Photocatalytic degradation of orange G on nitrogen-doped Ti O2 catalysts under visible light and sunlight irradiation,”Journal of Hazardous Materials,vol.155,pp.312-319,Nov.2007.
[8]J.C.Yu,W.Ho,J.Yu,H.Yip,P.K.Wong,and J.Zhao,“Efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic disinfection on sulfur-doped nanocrystalline titania,”Environmental Science and Technology,vol.39,pp.1175 1179,Jan.2005.
[9]Y.Liu,Y,J.He,Y.Sun,J.Hu,C.Li,G.Xue,and S.Ognier,“Acomparison of N-doped Ti O2 photocatalysts preparation methods and studies on their catalytic activity,”Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,vol.88,pp.1815-1821,Dec.2102.
[10]Z.Wang,W.Cai,X.Hong,X.Zhao,F.Xu,and C.Cai,“Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous nitrogen-doped Ti O2 suspensions with various light sources,”Applied Catalalysis B:Environmental,vol.57,pp.223-231,Dec.2004.
[11]J.Senthilnathan and L.Philip,“Photocatalytic degradation of lindane under UV and visible light using N-doped Ti O2,”Chemical Engineering Journal,vol.161,pp.83-92,April 2010.
[12]D.Li,H.Haneda,S.Hishita,and N.Ohashi,“Visible-light-driven nitrogen-doped Ti O2 photocatalysts:effect of nitrogen precursors on their photocatalysis for decomposition of gas-phase organic pollutants,”Materials Science and Engineering B,vol.117,pp.67-77,2005.
[13]O.D.Hennezel,P.Pichat,and D.F.Ollis,“Benzene and toluene gas-phase photocatalytic degradation over H2O and HCL pretreated Ti O2:by-products and mechanism,”Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry,vol.118,pp.197-204,Aug.1998.
[14]T.Tachikawa,Y.Takai,S.Tojo,M.Fujitsuka,H.Irie,K.Hashimoto,and T.Majima,“Visible light-induced degradation of ethylene glycol on nitrogen-doped Ti O2 powders”Journal of Physical Chemistry B,vol.110,pp.13158-13165,2006.
[15]A.L.Linsebigler,G.Lu,and Jr.J.T.Yates,“Photocatalysis on Ti O2Surfaces:Principles,mechanisms,and selected results,”Chemical Reviews,vol.95,pp.735-758,1995.
[16]E.F.Arribas and R.J.Madix,“Role of defects in the adsorption of aliphatic alcohols on the Ti O2(110)surface,”Journal of Physical Chemistry B,vol.106,pp.10680-10692,2002.
[17]Y.Cong,J.Zhang,F.Chen,and M.Anpo,“Synthesis and characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Ti O2 Nanophotocatalyst with high visible light activity,”Journal of Physical Chemistry C,vol.111,pp.6976-6982,March 2007.
[18]Y.Irokawa,T.Morikawa,K.Aoki,S.Kosaka,T.Ohwaki,and Y.Taga,“Photodegradation of toluene over Ti O2-xNx under visible light irradiation,”Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,vol.8,pp.1116-1121,Jan.2006.
[19]Z.Wu,F.Dong,W.Zhao,and S.Guo,“Visible light induced electron transfer process over nitrogen doped Ti O2 nanocrystals prepared by oxidation of titanium nitride,”Journal of Hazardous Materials,vol.157,pp.57-63,2008.
[20]C.Renzia,C.Guillard,J.M.Herrmann,and P.P.G.Baldi,“Effects of methanol,formamide,acetone and acetate ions on phenol disappearance rate and aromatic products in UV-irradiated Ti O2aqueous suspensions,”Chemosphere,vol.35,pp.819-826 March1997.
[21]Y.P.Zhang,R.Yang,Q.J.Xu,and J.H.Mo,“Characteristics of photocatalytic oxidation of toluene,benzene and their mixture,”Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association,vol.57,pp.94-101,Jan.2007.