Application of Triethyl Citrate to Filters in Virginia Type Cigarettes
详细信息 查看官网全文
- 英文论文题名：Application of Triethyl Citrate to Filters in Virginia Type Cigarettes
- 论文作者：Yong Jin ; Saibo Yu ; Qi Liu ; Shitai Wang ; Haifeng Tan ; Ke Li ; Hongmei Fan
- 英文论文作者：Yong Jin ; Saibo Yu ; Qi Liu ; Shitai Wang ; Haifeng Tan ; Ke Li ; Hongmei Fan ; Technology Center ; China Tobacco Hunan Industry Co.Ltd.
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industry Co.Ltd.;
- 英文论文关键词：Triethyl citrate ; cellulose acetate filter rod ; plasticizer ; acetate-paper dual filter rod ; Virginia type cigarette
- 会议召开时间：2016-12-01
- 会议录名称：中国烟草学会2016年度优秀论文汇编——烟草工业主题
- 语种：英文
- 分类号：TS452
- 学会代码：ZGYG
- 学会名称：中国烟草学会
- 页数：7
- 文件大小：598k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
Triethyl citrate(TEC) was applied in the preparation of cigarette filter rods by two approaches. One was to utilize TEC as a plasticizer sprayed onto the surface of cellulose acetate(CA) fibers. The other was to apply TEC as an additive coated onto the cellulosic paper of acetate-paper dual filters. Three types of cigarette filter rods, namely,triethyl citrate-cellulose acetate(TEC-CA) filter rods,triethyl citrate-cellulose acetate-paper(TEC-CA-paper)dual filter rods and cellulose acetate-paper-triethyl citrate(CA-paper-TEC) dual filter rods, were manufactured. In order to promote the curing of CA rods, high-frequency radiation was introduced into the procedure of filter manufacture. Then Virginia type cigarettes, combined with the three kinds of prepared filter rods were manufactured and the removal efficiency of phenols from the cigarette mainstream smoke was investigated. The results revealed that no matter where the triethyl citrate was applied as plasticizer or coating additive, the content of phenol, o-, mand p-cresol in cigarette mainstream smoke could be greatly reduced. The optimal removal efficiency for phenol was 50% compared with the control.
Triethyl citrate(TEC) was applied in the preparation of cigarette filter rods by two approaches. One was to utilize TEC as a plasticizer sprayed onto the surface of cellulose acetate(CA) fibers. The other was to apply TEC as an additive coated onto the cellulosic paper of acetate-paper dual filters. Three types of cigarette filter rods, namely,triethyl citrate-cellulose acetate(TEC-CA) filter rods,triethyl citrate-cellulose acetate-paper(TEC-CA-paper)dual filter rods and cellulose acetate-paper-triethyl citrate(CA-paper-TEC) dual filter rods, were manufactured. In order to promote the curing of CA rods, high-frequency radiation was introduced into the procedure of filter manufacture. Then Virginia type cigarettes, combined with the three kinds of prepared filter rods were manufactured and the removal efficiency of phenols from the cigarette mainstream smoke was investigated. The results revealed that no matter where the triethyl citrate was applied as plasticizer or coating additive, the content of phenol, o-, mand p-cresol in cigarette mainstream smoke could be greatly reduced. The optimal removal efficiency for phenol was 50% compared with the control.
Triethyl citrate(TEC) was applied in the preparation of cigarette filter rods by two approaches. One was to utilize TEC as a plasticizer sprayed onto the surface of cellulose acetate(CA) fibers. The other was to apply TEC as an additive coated onto the cellulosic paper of acetate-paper dual filters. Three types of cigarette filter rods, namely,triethyl citrate-cellulose acetate(TEC-CA) filter rods,triethyl citrate-cellulose acetate-paper(TEC-CA-paper)dual filter rods and cellulose acetate-paper-triethyl citrate(CA-paper-TEC) dual filter rods, were manufactured. In order to promote the curing of CA rods, high-frequency radiation was introduced into the procedure of filter manufacture. Then Virginia type cigarettes, combined with the three kinds of prepared filter rods were manufactured and the removal efficiency of phenols from the cigarette mainstream smoke was investigated. The results revealed that no matter where the triethyl citrate was applied as plasticizer or coating additive, the content of phenol, o-, mand p-cresol in cigarette mainstream smoke could be greatly reduced. The optimal removal efficiency for phenol was 50% compared with the control.
引文
1.Rodgman,A.and T.A.Perfetti:The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke;CRC Press,Boca Raton,Florida,USA,2009.
2.Fowles,J.and E.Dybing:Application of Toxicological Risk Assessment Principles to the Chemical Constituents of Cigarette Smoke;Tob.Control 12(2003)424-430.
3.Green,C.R.,J.N.Schumacher,R.A.Lloyd,and A.Rodgman:Comparison of the Composition of Tobacco Smoke and the Smokes From Various Tobacco Substitutes;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.22(2007)258-289.
4.Dyakonov,A.J.,R.T.Walker,C.A.Brown,F.R.Perini,D.S.Passer,J.Guan,and E.A.Robinson:Studies of Formation of Smoke Phenols;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.23(2008)68-84.
5.Risner,C.H.and S.L.Cash:A High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Major Phenolic Compounds in Tobacco Smoke;J.Chromatogr.Sci.28(1990)239-244.
6.Poirier,M.,M.Fournier,P.Brousseau,and A.Morin:Effects of Volatile Aromatics,Aldehydes,and Phenols in Tobacco Smoke on Viability and Proliferation of Mouse Lymphocytes;J.Toxic.Environ.Health A 65(2002)1437-1451.
7.Wynder,E.L.and D.Hoffmann:A Study of Tobacco Carcinogenesis.VIII.The Role of the Acidic Fractions as Promoters;Cancer 14(1961)1306-1315.
8.Wynder,E.L.,H.E.Kaiser,D.A.Goodman,and D.Hoffmann:A Method for Determining Ciliastatic Components in Cigarette Smoke;Cancer 16(1963)1222-1225.
9.Hoffmann,D.and E.L.Wynder:Filtration of Phenols From Cigarette Smoke;J.Natl.Cancer Inst.30(1963)67-84.
10.Le Roux,J.H.:The Selective Retention of Phenol by Cigarette Filter Materials;Beitr.Tabakforsch.3(1965)157-167.
11.Cuzin J.,A.Testa,and P.Testa:Selective Retention of Some Smoke Condensate Components:Phenols,Polyphenols,Heterocyclic N-Compounds(Die selektive Retention bestimmter chemischer Bestandteile des Kondensates:Phenole,Polyphenole,heterocyclische Stickstoffverbindungen);Beitr.Tabakforsch.3(1965)215-219.
12.Dagnon,S.,A.Stoilova,I.Ivanov,and S.Nikolova:The Effect of Cigarette Design on the Content of Phenols in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.24(2011)187-193.
13.Mumpower,R.C.and G.P.Touey:Selective Removal of Phenol From Cigarette Smoke With Filters;Kingsport,Tennessee,1965,Bates-No.950154260-950154269,available at:http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/psm54f00/pdf(accessed November 2014).
14.Huang,F.,Y.Jin,K.J.Zhong,X.Q.Zhu,Q.Liu,and L.Y.Xie:Selective Removal of Phenol From Cigarette Smoke by Grooved Filter Plug with Modified Cellulose Wrapper;Tob.Sci.Tech.7(2012)54-60.
15.Yang,S.,C.Nie,X.H.Sun,Q.P.Yan,Y.P.Wang,L.Zhao,H.M.Liu,and X.B.Zhang:Interconnected Porous Material of Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate)for Selectively Reducing Phenol in Cigarette Smoke;Tob.Sci.Tech.8(2012)44-48.
16.Park,H.M.,M.Misra,L.T.Drzal,and A.K.Mohanty:“Green”Nanocomposites From Cellulose Acetate Bioplastic and Clay:Effect of Eco-Friendly Triethyl Citrate Plasticizer;Biomacromolecules 5(2004)2281-2288.
17.L.W.Renfro:Plasticizer for Cellulose Acetate Cigarette Filters;Kingsport,Tennessee,1987,BatesNo.508100885-508100903,available at:http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/czm51f00/pdf(accessed November2014).
18.Walker,L.A.:Effect of Triethyl Citrate Plasticizer on Cigarette Menthol Delivery;1988,available at:http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lxu21f00/pdf(accessed November 2014).
19.Finley,A.:Completion Report-Alternative Plasticizer;Philip Morris USA,Interoffice Correspondence to K.Newman,May 16,1990,Bates-No.2050790115-0123,available at:http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lmr89a00/pdf(accessed November 2014).
20.Crain,W.O.,F.K.St.Charles,and L.L.Shockley:Hardness of Filter Rods with Triethyl Citrate;1987,available at:http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kyb30f00Bates-No.581102281-581102293(accessed November 2014).
21.Colard,S.:Hardness Measurement on Cigarettes and Cigarette Filter Rods;CORESTA Technical Report,Sub-Group Physical Test Methods,March 2011,1-9,available at:http://www.coresta.org/Reports/PTM-Tech Rep-Hardness_Measurement_Cig_Cig Filters_March2011.pdf(accessed November 2014).
22.International Organization for Standardization(ISO):International Standard 3308:2000.Routine Analytical Cigarette Smoking Machine--Definitions and Standard Conditions;ISO,Geneva,Switzerland,2000.
23.CORESTA Recommended Method No.5:Determination of Carbon Monoxide in the Mainstream Smoke of Cigarettes by Non-Dispersive Infrared Analysis;Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco,1993,available at http://coresta.org/Recommended_Methods/CRM_05.pdf(accessed November 2014).
24.International Organization for Standardization(ISO):International Standard 4387:2000.Cigarettes--Determination of Total and Nicotine Free Dry Particulate Matter Using a Routine Analytical Smoking Machine;ISO,Geneva,Switzerland,2000.
25.China Standard for Tobacco:YC/T 255-2008.Cigarettes-Determination of Major Phenolic Compounds in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke-High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method;Standards Press of China,Beijing,China,2008,available at http://www.freestd.us/soft4/3318375.htm(accessed November2014).
2.Fowles,J.and E.Dybing:Application of Toxicological Risk Assessment Principles to the Chemical Constituents of Cigarette Smoke;Tob.Control 12(2003)424-430.
3.Green,C.R.,J.N.Schumacher,R.A.Lloyd,and A.Rodgman:Comparison of the Composition of Tobacco Smoke and the Smokes From Various Tobacco Substitutes;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.22(2007)258-289.
4.Dyakonov,A.J.,R.T.Walker,C.A.Brown,F.R.Perini,D.S.Passer,J.Guan,and E.A.Robinson:Studies of Formation of Smoke Phenols;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.23(2008)68-84.
5.Risner,C.H.and S.L.Cash:A High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Major Phenolic Compounds in Tobacco Smoke;J.Chromatogr.Sci.28(1990)239-244.
6.Poirier,M.,M.Fournier,P.Brousseau,and A.Morin:Effects of Volatile Aromatics,Aldehydes,and Phenols in Tobacco Smoke on Viability and Proliferation of Mouse Lymphocytes;J.Toxic.Environ.Health A 65(2002)1437-1451.
7.Wynder,E.L.and D.Hoffmann:A Study of Tobacco Carcinogenesis.VIII.The Role of the Acidic Fractions as Promoters;Cancer 14(1961)1306-1315.
8.Wynder,E.L.,H.E.Kaiser,D.A.Goodman,and D.Hoffmann:A Method for Determining Ciliastatic Components in Cigarette Smoke;Cancer 16(1963)1222-1225.
9.Hoffmann,D.and E.L.Wynder:Filtration of Phenols From Cigarette Smoke;J.Natl.Cancer Inst.30(1963)67-84.
10.Le Roux,J.H.:The Selective Retention of Phenol by Cigarette Filter Materials;Beitr.Tabakforsch.3(1965)157-167.
11.Cuzin J.,A.Testa,and P.Testa:Selective Retention of Some Smoke Condensate Components:Phenols,Polyphenols,Heterocyclic N-Compounds(Die selektive Retention bestimmter chemischer Bestandteile des Kondensates:Phenole,Polyphenole,heterocyclische Stickstoffverbindungen);Beitr.Tabakforsch.3(1965)215-219.
12.Dagnon,S.,A.Stoilova,I.Ivanov,and S.Nikolova:The Effect of Cigarette Design on the Content of Phenols in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke;Beitr.Tabakforsch.Int.24(2011)187-193.
13.Mumpower,R.C.and G.P.Touey:Selective Removal of Phenol From Cigarette Smoke With Filters;Kingsport,Tennessee,1965,Bates-No.950154260-950154269,available at:http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/psm54f00/pdf(accessed November 2014).
14.Huang,F.,Y.Jin,K.J.Zhong,X.Q.Zhu,Q.Liu,and L.Y.Xie:Selective Removal of Phenol From Cigarette Smoke by Grooved Filter Plug with Modified Cellulose Wrapper;Tob.Sci.Tech.7(2012)54-60.
15.Yang,S.,C.Nie,X.H.Sun,Q.P.Yan,Y.P.Wang,L.Zhao,H.M.Liu,and X.B.Zhang:Interconnected Porous Material of Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate)for Selectively Reducing Phenol in Cigarette Smoke;Tob.Sci.Tech.8(2012)44-48.
16.Park,H.M.,M.Misra,L.T.Drzal,and A.K.Mohanty:“Green”Nanocomposites From Cellulose Acetate Bioplastic and Clay:Effect of Eco-Friendly Triethyl Citrate Plasticizer;Biomacromolecules 5(2004)2281-2288.
17.L.W.Renfro:Plasticizer for Cellulose Acetate Cigarette Filters;Kingsport,Tennessee,1987,BatesNo.508100885-508100903,available at:http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/czm51f00/pdf(accessed November2014).
18.Walker,L.A.:Effect of Triethyl Citrate Plasticizer on Cigarette Menthol Delivery;1988,available at:http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lxu21f00/pdf(accessed November 2014).
19.Finley,A.:Completion Report-Alternative Plasticizer;Philip Morris USA,Interoffice Correspondence to K.Newman,May 16,1990,Bates-No.2050790115-0123,available at:http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/lmr89a00/pdf(accessed November 2014).
20.Crain,W.O.,F.K.St.Charles,and L.L.Shockley:Hardness of Filter Rods with Triethyl Citrate;1987,available at:http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kyb30f00Bates-No.581102281-581102293(accessed November 2014).
21.Colard,S.:Hardness Measurement on Cigarettes and Cigarette Filter Rods;CORESTA Technical Report,Sub-Group Physical Test Methods,March 2011,1-9,available at:http://www.coresta.org/Reports/PTM-Tech Rep-Hardness_Measurement_Cig_Cig Filters_March2011.pdf(accessed November 2014).
22.International Organization for Standardization(ISO):International Standard 3308:2000.Routine Analytical Cigarette Smoking Machine--Definitions and Standard Conditions;ISO,Geneva,Switzerland,2000.
23.CORESTA Recommended Method No.5:Determination of Carbon Monoxide in the Mainstream Smoke of Cigarettes by Non-Dispersive Infrared Analysis;Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco,1993,available at http://coresta.org/Recommended_Methods/CRM_05.pdf(accessed November 2014).
24.International Organization for Standardization(ISO):International Standard 4387:2000.Cigarettes--Determination of Total and Nicotine Free Dry Particulate Matter Using a Routine Analytical Smoking Machine;ISO,Geneva,Switzerland,2000.
25.China Standard for Tobacco:YC/T 255-2008.Cigarettes-Determination of Major Phenolic Compounds in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke-High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method;Standards Press of China,Beijing,China,2008,available at http://www.freestd.us/soft4/3318375.htm(accessed November2014).