天然壩潰口發展原型實驗分析
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- 英文论文题名：Investigating breach behavior of natural dam failure prototype experiment
- 论文作者：陳樹群 ; 簡依亮
- 英文论文作者：Su-Chin Chen ; Yi-Liang Chien ; Department of Soil and Water Conservation ; Chung Hsing University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：中興大學水土保持學系;
- 论文关键词：天然壩 ; 潰決水流 ; 潰口發展 ; 溢流破壞
- 英文论文关键词：natural dam ; dam failure flow ; breach process ; overtopping
- 会议召开时间：2015-09-01
- 会议录名称：2015海峡两岸水土保持学术研讨会论文集（上）
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of Cross-strait Symposium on Soil and Water Conservation 2015
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：P642.2
- 学会代码：OGSJ
- 会议名称：2015海峡两岸水土保持学术研讨会
- 会议地点：中国山西太原
- 主办单位：中国水土保持学会、台湾中华水土保持学会
- 学会名称：中国水土保持学会
- 页数：5
- 文件大小：6085k
- 原文格式：O
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
本研究透過全球唯一可控制流量現地堰塞湖潰決試驗,探討堰塞湖溢流破壞潰決機制與潰口發展之幾何形狀。試驗前後透過3D Lidar地形測量及粒徑分析來監測地形地貌之演變,透過前後測量資料套疊與分析,獲得堰塞湖潰決前後河道的沖淤變化、壩體潰決模型與三維測量場域,配合全方位攝影系統分析堰塞壩潰決歷程,且針對俯視與前視兩視角觀察潰口幾何形狀發展歷程,提出堰塞湖潰口發展階段。試驗結果顯示,透過壩體上方俯視視角分析堰塞壩潰口發展歷程可分為兩個階段,第一階段水流溢過壩頂造成溯源侵蝕,產生蝕溝,發展為上游窄、下游寬之潰口:第二階段,水流受潰口束縮之影響,侧向侵蝕顯著,發展為上游寬下游窄之潰口。透過前視視角潰口發展能分為三個階段,第一階段,以垂向侵蝕主導,劇烈的垂向侵蝕,形成窄深的倒三角形潰口;第二階段,由於受潰口束縮之影響,水流之側向侵蝕增強,造成潰口左右岸之土體崩落,形成接近抛物線形之潰口;第三階段,潰口左右岸持續崩塌並到穩定後,成為完全發展之梯形潰口。
Through a globally unique flow controllable prototype field experiment,this study investigates the mechanism,outflow,and breach geometry of natural dam failure.In our experiment,3D Lidar topographic measurement and grain size distribution analysis are conducted to investigate the river morphology evolution before and after dam failure.A full range photographic system is erected to record the course of dam breaching.Top view and front view of photographic system were used to observe the development of dam failure process.Result show that the breach development can be divided into two steps from top view and three steps from front view.From top view,first step,outflow overflow crosses the dam crest,causing head erosion and forming an upstream narrow,downstream wide gully.Second step,contraction of outflow leads breach to develop an upstream wide,downstream narrow breach shape;from front view,the breach shape approaches triangle because of the significant vertical erosion.With the development of the breach,it becomes to a parabolic shape.Mass slide down and collapse from the breach side.Finally,the breach developed to a trapezoidal shape.
Through a globally unique flow controllable prototype field experiment,this study investigates the mechanism,outflow,and breach geometry of natural dam failure.In our experiment,3D Lidar topographic measurement and grain size distribution analysis are conducted to investigate the river morphology evolution before and after dam failure.A full range photographic system is erected to record the course of dam breaching.Top view and front view of photographic system were used to observe the development of dam failure process.Result show that the breach development can be divided into two steps from top view and three steps from front view.From top view,first step,outflow overflow crosses the dam crest,causing head erosion and forming an upstream narrow,downstream wide gully.Second step,contraction of outflow leads breach to develop an upstream wide,downstream narrow breach shape;from front view,the breach shape approaches triangle because of the significant vertical erosion.With the development of the breach,it becomes to a parabolic shape.Mass slide down and collapse from the breach side.Finally,the breach developed to a trapezoidal shape.
引文
[1]許中立,陳樹群,施保呈,莫拉克風災區之堰塞湖防災與警戒[J].工程環境會刊,2010,24:85-98.
[2]Swanson,F.J.,Oyagi,N.,Tominaga,M.Landslide dam in Japan.In:schuster,R.L.(Ed.),Landslide Dam:Processes Risk and Mitigation[J].Geotechnical Special Publication,3.American Society of Civil Engineers,1986,131-145.
[3]Thomas C.M.,Jennifer L.Breaching Characteristics of Dam Failures[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,110(5):567-586.
[4]Costa,J.E.,and Schuster,R.L.The formation and failure of natural dam[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1988,100:1054-1068.
[5]Casagli,N.,and Ermini,L.Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine[J].Transactions of the Japanese Geomorphological Union,1999,20(3):219-249.
[6]Ermini,L.Casagli,N.Prediction of the Behavior of Landslide Dams using Geomorphological Dimensionless Index[J].Earth Surface Processes and landforms,2003,28:31-47.
[7]Korup,0.Geomorphometric characteristics of New Zealand landslide dams[J].Engineering Geology,73;13-35.
[8]陳樹群,吳俊鋐.莫拉克颱風引致小林村堰塞湖之形成與潰決歷程[J].中華水土保持學報,2009,40(4):377-392.
[9]Schuster,R.L.,and Costa,E.A Perspective on Landslide Dam[J].Geotechnical Special Publication,ASCE,1986,3:1-20.
[10]陳樹群.堰塞湖潰決機制與減災工法研究[J].中華水土保持學報,1999,30{4):299-311.
[11]Costa,J.E.,Schuster,R.L.The formation and failure of natural dam[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,100:1054-1068.
[12]Chaiyuth C.,Somboon J.,and Somchai W.Embankment dam breach and its outflow characteristics[J].Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems,2004,21(4):247-264.
[2]Swanson,F.J.,Oyagi,N.,Tominaga,M.Landslide dam in Japan.In:schuster,R.L.(Ed.),Landslide Dam:Processes Risk and Mitigation[J].Geotechnical Special Publication,3.American Society of Civil Engineers,1986,131-145.
[3]Thomas C.M.,Jennifer L.Breaching Characteristics of Dam Failures[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,110(5):567-586.
[4]Costa,J.E.,and Schuster,R.L.The formation and failure of natural dam[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1988,100:1054-1068.
[5]Casagli,N.,and Ermini,L.Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine[J].Transactions of the Japanese Geomorphological Union,1999,20(3):219-249.
[6]Ermini,L.Casagli,N.Prediction of the Behavior of Landslide Dams using Geomorphological Dimensionless Index[J].Earth Surface Processes and landforms,2003,28:31-47.
[7]Korup,0.Geomorphometric characteristics of New Zealand landslide dams[J].Engineering Geology,73;13-35.
[8]陳樹群,吳俊鋐.莫拉克颱風引致小林村堰塞湖之形成與潰決歷程[J].中華水土保持學報,2009,40(4):377-392.
[9]Schuster,R.L.,and Costa,E.A Perspective on Landslide Dam[J].Geotechnical Special Publication,ASCE,1986,3:1-20.
[10]陳樹群.堰塞湖潰決機制與減災工法研究[J].中華水土保持學報,1999,30{4):299-311.
[11]Costa,J.E.,Schuster,R.L.The formation and failure of natural dam[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,100:1054-1068.
[12]Chaiyuth C.,Somboon J.,and Somchai W.Embankment dam breach and its outflow characteristics[J].Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems,2004,21(4):247-264.