HOMELESSNESS AND URBAN SPRAWL OF LARGE CITIES OF THE U.S.
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- 英文论文题名：HOMELESSNESS AND URBAN SPRAWL OF LARGE CITIES OF THE U.S.
- 论文作者：Amanda Kaserman ; Shinming Shyu ; Jiang Lu
- 英文论文作者：Amanda Kaserman ; Shinming Shyu ; Jiang Lu ; Eastern Michigan University
- 年：2014
- 作者机构：Eastern Michigan University;
- 会议召开时间：2014-09-01
- 会议录名称：Modernization Science Newsletter(Vol.4,NO.3 September 2014)
- 语种：英文
- 分类号：F299.1
- 学会代码：XHYJ
- 学会名称：中国科学院中国现代化研究中心
- 页数：9
- 文件大小：961k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
<正>How to react to rapid expansion has become an essential issue for most large cities in not only the U.S.,but also the developing countries,such as China and India.The authors consider how these Urban Sprawl affect,and are affected by,the rapidly population decline of the city center region and consequently followed by urban poverty;and attempt to
引文
1 Stewart B.Mc Kinney Act,42 U.S.C.11301,et.Seq.(1994)
1 Note:Cost of Community Services(COCS)studies are undertaken to examine the impacts of various land uses,including residential and agricultural lands,on a community’s fiscal balance sheet in a single year.Most COCS studies have shown similar results.Residential land is more costly to service than all other types of land,while the reverse is true for agricultural and open space lands.
2 http://www.endhomelessness.org/library/entry/geography-of-homelessness-part-1-defining-the-spectrum
3 William,Laura.Housing Landscape of 2012.Center for Housing Policy and National Housing Conference.February,2012.Website:www.nhc.org.Retrieved June 29,2013.
1 Pable,J.(2005),Interior Design Homeless shelter design:a psychologically recuperative approach.Journal of Interior Design,32:93-108.
2 P.19-20.http://usmayors.org/pressreleases/documents/hungerhomelessnessreport_121208.pdf.Retrieved June 30,2013.
3 National Coalition for the Homeless,Page last modified:December 15,2011.Retrieved from:http://www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/why.html,June 29,2013.
4"Study:744,000 homeless in United States".USA Today.2007-01-10.Retrieved June 30,2013
5 Macartney,S.(2011).Child poverty in the United States 2009 and 2010:Selected race groups and Hispanic origin.The United States Census Bureau.Retrieved from:http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acsbr10-05.pdf
1 http://dreamofanation.org/solutions/ending-poverty/,Retrieved June 29,2013
2 Numbers Pages Notes 1.‘14.3%below poverty’US Department of Commerce,“Income,Poverty,and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States:2009,”Census Bureau,2010.2.‘4 points&12 million’US Census,“Historical Poverty Tables,”2010.3.‘1.6 million homeless’US Department of Housing and Urban Development,“The 2010 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress,”2011.4.‘$3,500 saved/$1.4 billion’“Based on a study in Wichita,KS where housing 12 women saved$41,000 a year,see www.endhomelessness.org/content/article/detail/2601,accessed November 29,2010.”5.‘$22,000’“Based on increasing the$7.25 minimum to$10.80,working 40 hours a week for 52 weeks.”6.‘14.5 million/1 in 5’Vanessa Wight,“Who are America’s Poor Children?,”National Center for Children in Poverty,2010.7.‘50%reduction UK’Kate Bell,“The Experience of the U.K.Child Poverty Target,Center for American Progress,”2008.8.‘880 million people’The Growing Connection,“Cultivating Food,Connecting Minds,Harvesting Hope,”Food and Agriculture Association of the United Nations,2010.9.‘.2%of GDP’see United Nations Millenium Campaign,0.7 Percent of Wealth:A Small Price to End Global Extreme Poverty,p.268.10.‘33,000 millennium villages’“Based on each.1 percent increasing foreign aid by roughly$10 billion,with Millennium Villages costing$300,000 and serving 5,000 people,according to Millennium Project,“Sustainability and Costs,”http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/mv/mv_cost.htm,accessed July 5,2011.
1 Wight,V.R.,Chau,M.,and Aratani,Y.(2011).Who are American’s poor children?National Center for Children in Poverty.Retrieved from:http://www.nccp.org/publications/pub_1001.html
2 Pable,J.(2005),Interior Design Homeless shelter design:a psychologically recuperative approach.Journal of Interior Design,32:93-108.
3 HUD 5th Annual Homelessness Assessment Report to Congress,June 2010.U.S.Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Community Planning and Development.http://www.huduser.org/publications/pdf/5th Homeless Assessment Report.pdf.Retrieved June 30,2013.
4 The Death and Life of Great American Cities.New York:Random House.February 1993[1961].
5 Norman,Jonathan;Heather L.Mac Lean and Christopher A.Kennedy(March 2006)."Comparing High and Low Residential Density:Life-Cycle Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions".Journal of Urban Planning and Development(Reston,Virginia:American Society of Civil Engineers)32(1):10-21.
6 Chudacoff,P.Howard and Baldwin,C.Peter(2005)ed.Major Problems in American Urban and Suburban History.Houghton Mifflim Company.Boston,NY:429.
1 Chudacoff,P.Howard and Baldwin,C.Peter(2005)ed.Major Problems in American Urban and Suburban History.Houghton Mifflim Company.Boston,NY:456.
2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_sprawl.Accessed June 30,2013.
3 Chudacoff,P.Howard and Baldwin,C.Peter(2005)ed.Major Problems in American Urban and Suburban History.Houghton Mifflim Company.Boston,NY:456.
1 Fuller,R.;Crawford(2011).Impact of past and future residential housing development patterns on energy demand and related emissions,Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 26(2):165-83.
2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_housing.Retrieved June 30,2013.
3 The 2009 Annual Homeless Assessment Report.U.S.Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Community Planning and Development.June 18,2010.http://www.huduser.org/publications/pdf/5th Homeless Assessment Report.pdf,Retrieved June 29,2013.
4 http://dreamofanation.org/solutions/ending-poverty/ending-homelessness-in-america/,Retrieved June 29,2013.
5 http://www.wsws.org/articles/2011/apr2011/home-a26.shtml.Retrieved June 30,2013.
6 http://www.nyc.gov/html/dhs/downloads/pdf/dailyreport.pdf.Retrieved June 30,2013.
1 Davis,Sam.(2004).Designing for the homeless:Architecture that Works.University of California Press.Berkeley,CA.
2 http://bouldershelter.org/.Retrieved June 30,2013.
3 http://www.bouldercounty.org/dept/sheriff/pages/report.aspx.Retrieved June 30,2013.
1 Rewarding Work:The Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit,(2001).Washington:Brookings Institution Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy.
1 Note:Cost of Community Services(COCS)studies are undertaken to examine the impacts of various land uses,including residential and agricultural lands,on a community’s fiscal balance sheet in a single year.Most COCS studies have shown similar results.Residential land is more costly to service than all other types of land,while the reverse is true for agricultural and open space lands.
2 http://www.endhomelessness.org/library/entry/geography-of-homelessness-part-1-defining-the-spectrum
3 William,Laura.Housing Landscape of 2012.Center for Housing Policy and National Housing Conference.February,2012.Website:www.nhc.org.Retrieved June 29,2013.
1 Pable,J.(2005),Interior Design Homeless shelter design:a psychologically recuperative approach.Journal of Interior Design,32:93-108.
2 P.19-20.http://usmayors.org/pressreleases/documents/hungerhomelessnessreport_121208.pdf.Retrieved June 30,2013.
3 National Coalition for the Homeless,Page last modified:December 15,2011.Retrieved from:http://www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/why.html,June 29,2013.
4"Study:744,000 homeless in United States".USA Today.2007-01-10.Retrieved June 30,2013
5 Macartney,S.(2011).Child poverty in the United States 2009 and 2010:Selected race groups and Hispanic origin.The United States Census Bureau.Retrieved from:http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acsbr10-05.pdf
1 http://dreamofanation.org/solutions/ending-poverty/,Retrieved June 29,2013
2 Numbers Pages Notes 1.‘14.3%below poverty’US Department of Commerce,“Income,Poverty,and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States:2009,”Census Bureau,2010.2.‘4 points&12 million’US Census,“Historical Poverty Tables,”2010.3.‘1.6 million homeless’US Department of Housing and Urban Development,“The 2010 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress,”2011.4.‘$3,500 saved/$1.4 billion’“Based on a study in Wichita,KS where housing 12 women saved$41,000 a year,see www.endhomelessness.org/content/article/detail/2601,accessed November 29,2010.”5.‘$22,000’“Based on increasing the$7.25 minimum to$10.80,working 40 hours a week for 52 weeks.”6.‘14.5 million/1 in 5’Vanessa Wight,“Who are America’s Poor Children?,”National Center for Children in Poverty,2010.7.‘50%reduction UK’Kate Bell,“The Experience of the U.K.Child Poverty Target,Center for American Progress,”2008.8.‘880 million people’The Growing Connection,“Cultivating Food,Connecting Minds,Harvesting Hope,”Food and Agriculture Association of the United Nations,2010.9.‘.2%of GDP’see United Nations Millenium Campaign,0.7 Percent of Wealth:A Small Price to End Global Extreme Poverty,p.268.10.‘33,000 millennium villages’“Based on each.1 percent increasing foreign aid by roughly$10 billion,with Millennium Villages costing$300,000 and serving 5,000 people,according to Millennium Project,“Sustainability and Costs,”http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/mv/mv_cost.htm,accessed July 5,2011.
1 Wight,V.R.,Chau,M.,and Aratani,Y.(2011).Who are American’s poor children?National Center for Children in Poverty.Retrieved from:http://www.nccp.org/publications/pub_1001.html
2 Pable,J.(2005),Interior Design Homeless shelter design:a psychologically recuperative approach.Journal of Interior Design,32:93-108.
3 HUD 5th Annual Homelessness Assessment Report to Congress,June 2010.U.S.Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Community Planning and Development.http://www.huduser.org/publications/pdf/5th Homeless Assessment Report.pdf.Retrieved June 30,2013.
4 The Death and Life of Great American Cities.New York:Random House.February 1993[1961].
5 Norman,Jonathan;Heather L.Mac Lean and Christopher A.Kennedy(March 2006)."Comparing High and Low Residential Density:Life-Cycle Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions".Journal of Urban Planning and Development(Reston,Virginia:American Society of Civil Engineers)32(1):10-21.
6 Chudacoff,P.Howard and Baldwin,C.Peter(2005)ed.Major Problems in American Urban and Suburban History.Houghton Mifflim Company.Boston,NY:429.
1 Chudacoff,P.Howard and Baldwin,C.Peter(2005)ed.Major Problems in American Urban and Suburban History.Houghton Mifflim Company.Boston,NY:456.
2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_sprawl.Accessed June 30,2013.
3 Chudacoff,P.Howard and Baldwin,C.Peter(2005)ed.Major Problems in American Urban and Suburban History.Houghton Mifflim Company.Boston,NY:456.
1 Fuller,R.;Crawford(2011).Impact of past and future residential housing development patterns on energy demand and related emissions,Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 26(2):165-83.
2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_housing.Retrieved June 30,2013.
3 The 2009 Annual Homeless Assessment Report.U.S.Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Community Planning and Development.June 18,2010.http://www.huduser.org/publications/pdf/5th Homeless Assessment Report.pdf,Retrieved June 29,2013.
4 http://dreamofanation.org/solutions/ending-poverty/ending-homelessness-in-america/,Retrieved June 29,2013.
5 http://www.wsws.org/articles/2011/apr2011/home-a26.shtml.Retrieved June 30,2013.
6 http://www.nyc.gov/html/dhs/downloads/pdf/dailyreport.pdf.Retrieved June 30,2013.
1 Davis,Sam.(2004).Designing for the homeless:Architecture that Works.University of California Press.Berkeley,CA.
2 http://bouldershelter.org/.Retrieved June 30,2013.
3 http://www.bouldercounty.org/dept/sheriff/pages/report.aspx.Retrieved June 30,2013.
1 Rewarding Work:The Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit,(2001).Washington:Brookings Institution Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy.