Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Saline Water——A Case Study:Sabkha Oum Le Khialate(Tunisia)
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- 英文论文题名：Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Saline Water——A Case Study:Sabkha Oum Le Khialate(Tunisia)
- 论文作者：Nasri Nesrine ; Bouhlila Rachida ; Riadh Ahmed
- 英文论文作者：Nasri Nesrine ; Bouhlila Rachida ; Riadh Ahmed ; Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis ; Laboratoire de Modélisation en Hydraulique et Environnement ; Université de Tunis ElManar ; Sté Chimique ALKIMIA
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis,Laboratoire de Modélisation en Hydraulique et Environnement,Université de Tunis ElManar;Sté Chimique ALKIMIA;
- 英文论文关键词：Hydrochemistry ; saline system ; statistical analysis ; evaporation
- 会议召开时间：2015-01-01
- 会议录名称：International Journal of Environmental Science and Development Vol.6 No.1
- 语种：英文
- 分类号：P641
- 学会代码：CDYA
- 学会名称：成都亚昂教育咨询有限公司
- 页数：4
- 文件大小：3018k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
The hydrochemistry of the saline system in high arid environment is controlled by several processes including evaporation, water-rock interaction, precipitation/dissolution etc. Hydrochemical data of 80 wells from the catchment area of sabkha Oum le Khialate, southern Tunisia and 9 parameters(pH, TDS, Na~+, Ca~(2+), SO_4~(2-), Mg~(2+), K~+, Cl~-, HCO_3~-) show that the abundance of major ions from the sabkha is as follows: Na>Ca>Mg>K and SO_4>Cl>HCO3. Multivariate statistical analysis methods such us correlation analysis, principal component analysis(PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) were used to identify the geochemical processes controlling the chemistry of saline water in the catchment area of the sabkha. HCA reveals four major water groups(C1-C4). Samples of the sabkha from clusters C1, C2 to C3 have Na-SO_4-Cl, Na-SO_4 and Na-Cl~-SO_4 water type respectively. Samples from C4 show Ca-HCO_3~-SO_4-Cl water type are located in recharge area. Using PCA, two factors account for 72.69 % of the total variance of the data set. Results of statistical analysis reveal that the major source of sulfate sodium deposit is the process of evaporation, cationic exchange between Ca and Na in clay formation and mineral precipitation.
The hydrochemistry of the saline system in high arid environment is controlled by several processes including evaporation, water-rock interaction, precipitation/dissolution etc. Hydrochemical data of 80 wells from the catchment area of sabkha Oum le Khialate, southern Tunisia and 9 parameters(pH, TDS, Na~+, Ca~(2+), SO_4~(2-), Mg~(2+), K~+, Cl~-, HCO_3~-) show that the abundance of major ions from the sabkha is as follows: Na>Ca>Mg>K and SO_4>Cl>HCO3. Multivariate statistical analysis methods such us correlation analysis, principal component analysis(PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) were used to identify the geochemical processes controlling the chemistry of saline water in the catchment area of the sabkha. HCA reveals four major water groups(C1-C4). Samples of the sabkha from clusters C1, C2 to C3 have Na-SO_4-Cl, Na-SO_4 and Na-Cl~-SO_4 water type respectively. Samples from C4 show Ca-HCO_3~-SO_4-Cl water type are located in recharge area. Using PCA, two factors account for 72.69 % of the total variance of the data set. Results of statistical analysis reveal that the major source of sulfate sodium deposit is the process of evaporation, cationic exchange between Ca and Na in clay formation and mineral precipitation.
The hydrochemistry of the saline system in high arid environment is controlled by several processes including evaporation, water-rock interaction, precipitation/dissolution etc. Hydrochemical data of 80 wells from the catchment area of sabkha Oum le Khialate, southern Tunisia and 9 parameters(pH, TDS, Na~+, Ca~(2+), SO_4~(2-), Mg~(2+), K~+, Cl~-, HCO_3~-) show that the abundance of major ions from the sabkha is as follows: Na>Ca>Mg>K and SO_4>Cl>HCO3. Multivariate statistical analysis methods such us correlation analysis, principal component analysis(PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) were used to identify the geochemical processes controlling the chemistry of saline water in the catchment area of the sabkha. HCA reveals four major water groups(C1-C4). Samples of the sabkha from clusters C1, C2 to C3 have Na-SO_4-Cl, Na-SO_4 and Na-Cl~-SO_4 water type respectively. Samples from C4 show Ca-HCO_3~-SO_4-Cl water type are located in recharge area. Using PCA, two factors account for 72.69 % of the total variance of the data set. Results of statistical analysis reveal that the major source of sulfate sodium deposit is the process of evaporation, cationic exchange between Ca and Na in clay formation and mineral precipitation.
引文
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[11]C.Singaraja,C.Thivya,S.Chidambaram,R.Thilagavathi,and M.V.Prasanna,“Statistical analysis of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in hard rock coastal aquifers of Thoothukudi district in Tamil Nadu,India,”Environ.Earth Sci.,vol.71,pp.451-464,2013.
[12]L.Baccar and M.A Louhaichi,“Hydrogeological survey of Sebkhet Oum El Khialat for the evaluation of the mining stock of Na2SO4,”Final Report,p.90,2007.
[13]A.I.Mary,T.Ramkumar,and S.Venkatraman,“Application of statistical analysis for the hydrogeochemistry of saline groundwater in Kodiakarai,Tamilnadu,India,”J.Coastal Research,vol.28,issue 1A,pp.89-98,2010.
[14]G.Papatheodorou,N.Lambrakis,and G.Panagopoulos,“Application of multivariate statistical procedures to the hydrochemical study of a coastal aquifer:An example from Crete,Greece,”Hydrol.Process.,vol.21,pp.1482-1495,2007.
[15]A.T.Nadiri,A.A.Moghaddam,F.T.C.Tsai,and E.Fijani“Hydrogeochemical analysis for Tasuj plain aquifer,Iran,”J.Earth Syst.Sci.vol.122,no.4,pp.1091-1105,2013.
[16]L.Belkhiri,L.Mouni,and A.Tiri,“Water-rock interaction and geochemistry of groundwater from the Ain Azel aquifer,Algeria,”Environ.Geochem.Health,vol.34,pp.1-13,2012.
[17]A.Ugbaja,A.Edet,and O.Offiong,“Application of statistical methods in evaluating groundwater in parts of Mamfe Embayment,Southeastern Nigeria,”J.Geography and Geology,vol.4,no.3,2012.
[18]L.Belkhiri,A.Boudoukha,L.Mouni,and T.Baouz,“Multivariate statistical characterization of groundwater quality in Ain Azel plain,Algeria,”African J.Environ Sci.and Techn.,vol.4,no.8,pp.526-534,August 2010.
[2]M.Razack and J.Dazy,“Characterization of groundwater mixing in sedimentary and metamorphic reservoirs with combined use of Piper’s principle and factor analysis,”J.Hydrology,vol.114,pp.371-393,1990.
[3]R.Reghunath,M.T.R.Sreedhara,and B.R.Raghavan,“The utility of multivariate statistical techniques in hydrogeochemical studies:an example from Karnataka,India,”Water Research,vol.36,pp.2437-2442,2002.
[4]M.Monjerezi,R.D.Vogt,P.Aagaard,and J.D.K.Saka,“Hydro-geochemical processes in an area with saline groundwater in lower Shire River valley,Malawi:An integrated application of hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses,”Applied Geochemistry,vol.26,pp.1399-1413,2008.
[5]A.T.Nadiri,A.A.Moghaddam,F.T-C.Tsai,and E.Fijani,“Hydrogeochemical analysis for Tasuj plain aquifer,Iran,”J.Earth Syst.Sci.vol.122,no.4,pp.1091-1105,2013.
[6]V.Cloutier,R.Lefebvre,and R.Therrien,“Multivariate statistical analysis of geochemical data as indicative of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a sedimentary rock aquifer system,”J.Hydrology,vol.353,pp.294-313,2008.
[7]H.Abderamane,M.Razack,and S.Vassolo,“Hydrogeochemical and isotopic characterization of the groundwater in the Chari-Baguirmi depression,”Environ Earth Sci,vol.69,pp.2337-2350,2013.
[8]K.S.Voudouris,N.J.Lambrakis,G.Papatheothourou,and P.Daskalaki,“An application of factor analysis for the study of the hydrogeological conditions in Plio-Pieistocene Aquifers of NW Achaia(NW Peloponnesus,Greece),”Mathematical Geology,vol.29,issue 1,pp.43-59,1997.
[9]A.Kumar,S.Rout,and P.M.Ravi,“Spatial geochemical variation of major and trace elements in the marine sediments of Mumbai Harbor Bay,”Environ.Earth Sci.,vol.70,pp.3057-3066,2013.
[10]H.A.Torshizian,H.Mollai,M.Kalani,M.Ahwaz,and M.M.Javanbakht,“Hydrogeochemical analysis of the Siyah-kuh district playa brines Central Iran,”N.Jb.Geol.Pal?ont.Abh.,vol.253,no.2-3,pp.281-292,2009.
[11]C.Singaraja,C.Thivya,S.Chidambaram,R.Thilagavathi,and M.V.Prasanna,“Statistical analysis of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in hard rock coastal aquifers of Thoothukudi district in Tamil Nadu,India,”Environ.Earth Sci.,vol.71,pp.451-464,2013.
[12]L.Baccar and M.A Louhaichi,“Hydrogeological survey of Sebkhet Oum El Khialat for the evaluation of the mining stock of Na2SO4,”Final Report,p.90,2007.
[13]A.I.Mary,T.Ramkumar,and S.Venkatraman,“Application of statistical analysis for the hydrogeochemistry of saline groundwater in Kodiakarai,Tamilnadu,India,”J.Coastal Research,vol.28,issue 1A,pp.89-98,2010.
[14]G.Papatheodorou,N.Lambrakis,and G.Panagopoulos,“Application of multivariate statistical procedures to the hydrochemical study of a coastal aquifer:An example from Crete,Greece,”Hydrol.Process.,vol.21,pp.1482-1495,2007.
[15]A.T.Nadiri,A.A.Moghaddam,F.T.C.Tsai,and E.Fijani“Hydrogeochemical analysis for Tasuj plain aquifer,Iran,”J.Earth Syst.Sci.vol.122,no.4,pp.1091-1105,2013.
[16]L.Belkhiri,L.Mouni,and A.Tiri,“Water-rock interaction and geochemistry of groundwater from the Ain Azel aquifer,Algeria,”Environ.Geochem.Health,vol.34,pp.1-13,2012.
[17]A.Ugbaja,A.Edet,and O.Offiong,“Application of statistical methods in evaluating groundwater in parts of Mamfe Embayment,Southeastern Nigeria,”J.Geography and Geology,vol.4,no.3,2012.
[18]L.Belkhiri,A.Boudoukha,L.Mouni,and T.Baouz,“Multivariate statistical characterization of groundwater quality in Ain Azel plain,Algeria,”African J.Environ Sci.and Techn.,vol.4,no.8,pp.526-534,August 2010.