阅读中眼动行为的年龄差异:来自汉语研究的证据
详细信息 查看官网全文
- 英文论文题名：Adult Age differences in Eye Movements during Reading:The Evidence from Chinese
- 论文作者：李莎 ; 李琳 ; 谢芳 ; 常敏 ; Victoria A.McGowan ; 王敬欣
- 英文论文作者：Sha Li ; Lin Li ; Fang Xie ; Min Chang ; Victoria A.McGowan ; Jingxin Wang ; Academy of Psychology and Behavior ; Tianjin Normal University ; Center of Collaborative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of Mental Health ; School of Psychology ; University of Leicester
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：天津师范大学心理与行为研究院;国民心理健康评估与促进协同创新中心;莱斯特大学;
- 论文关键词：眼动 ; 汉语阅读 ; 词频
- 英文论文关键词：Eye movements ; Chinese reading ; word frequency
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B844.4
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：786k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
随着年龄的增长,老年人在生理和认知上会有一系列的改变,如视力下降、认知功能减退等。这一系列的改变会使得老年人在阅读中比年轻人有更大的困难。对拼音文字(如英语、德语)的大量研究表明,老年人为了补偿由年龄老化带来的阅读困难,比年轻人更倾向于采取风险阅读的策略。但是,这种策略是否也存在于非拼音文字(如汉语)国家中的健康老年人身上却还不清楚。对此问题的探讨可以帮助我们理解,由于年龄改变带来的阅读策略的改变在是普遍存在的,还是具有语言特异性。因此本研究对汉语阅读过程中的年龄差异进行考察。本研究招募了大学生(年龄在18–25岁之间)和老年人(年龄均在65岁以上)两组被试,让他们阅读汉语句子,并同时记录眼动。每个句子中均包含一个高频或低频的目标词。结果发现,老年人在阅读过程中表现出典型的由于年龄老化带来的阅读困难,表现为:老年人读得更慢,并且有更多的注视次数、回视次数,及更长的注视时间。但是与年轻人相比,中国老年人阅读时会更加谨慎地移动双眼,即比起风险阅读,中国老年人阅读得更为仔细。实验结果表明,与拼音国家的研究相比,中国老年人为了补偿由于年龄老化带来的阅读困难,倾向于采用更为仔细的阅读策略。由年龄增长带来的阅读策略的改变并非普遍一致,而是因语言而异。这可能是由于汉语文本系统对个体的特定视觉和言语要求而导致的。
As getting older, people's physical health and cognitive abilities decline. Older readers typically find reading more difficult than younger adult counterparts. Substantial evidence indicates that older readers of alphabetic languages(e.g., English, German) compensate for age-related reading difficulty by employing a more risky reading strategy. But the effects of healthy aging on reading behavior for non-alphabetic languages, like Chinese, are largely unknown, although this would reveal the extent to which age-related changes in reading strategy are language-specific or universal. Accordingly, the present study used measures of eye movements to investigate adult age differences in Chinese reading. The eye movements of young(18-30 years) and older(65+ years) Chinese readers were recorded while reading sentences in Mandarin Chinese. Each sentence includes a target word which is either high or low frequency. The older adults exhibited typical patterns of age-related reading difficulty, such as older adults read more slowly, and make more and longer fixational pauses and more regressions than younger adults. But, rather than employing a more risky reading strategy compared to the younger readers, the older adults read more carefully by moving their eyes more cautiously along lines of text. In contrast with findings for alphabetic languages, older Chinese readers appear to compensate for age-related reading difficulty by employing a more careful reading strategy. Age-related changes in reading strategy therefore appear to be language-specific, rather than universal, and may reflect the specific visual and linguistic requirements of the writing system.
As getting older, people's physical health and cognitive abilities decline. Older readers typically find reading more difficult than younger adult counterparts. Substantial evidence indicates that older readers of alphabetic languages(e.g., English, German) compensate for age-related reading difficulty by employing a more risky reading strategy. But the effects of healthy aging on reading behavior for non-alphabetic languages, like Chinese, are largely unknown, although this would reveal the extent to which age-related changes in reading strategy are language-specific or universal. Accordingly, the present study used measures of eye movements to investigate adult age differences in Chinese reading. The eye movements of young(18-30 years) and older(65+ years) Chinese readers were recorded while reading sentences in Mandarin Chinese. Each sentence includes a target word which is either high or low frequency. The older adults exhibited typical patterns of age-related reading difficulty, such as older adults read more slowly, and make more and longer fixational pauses and more regressions than younger adults. But, rather than employing a more risky reading strategy compared to the younger readers, the older adults read more carefully by moving their eyes more cautiously along lines of text. In contrast with findings for alphabetic languages, older Chinese readers appear to compensate for age-related reading difficulty by employing a more careful reading strategy. Age-related changes in reading strategy therefore appear to be language-specific, rather than universal, and may reflect the specific visual and linguistic requirements of the writing system.
引文