A Review of Evaporative Cooling Technologies
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- 英文论文题名：A Review of Evaporative Cooling Technologies
- 论文作者：O.Amer ; R.Boukhanouf ; H.G.Ibrahim
- 英文论文作者：O.Amer ; R.Boukhanouf ; H.G.Ibrahim ; University of Nottingham ; Department of Built Environment ; Qatar University Department of Architecture and Urban Planning
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：University of Nottingham,Department of Built Environment;Qatar University Department of Architecture and Urban Planning;
- 英文论文关键词：Evaporative cooling ; effectiveness ; dew point ; dry bulb temperature
- 会议召开时间：2015-04-01
- 会议录名称：International Journal of Environmental Science and Development Vol.6 No.2
- 语种：英文
- 分类号：TU831
- 学会代码：CDYA
- 学会名称：成都亚昂教育咨询有限公司
- 页数：7
- 文件大小：1731k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
Air-conditioning plays an essential role in ensuring occupants thermal comfort.However,b uilding's electricity bills have become unaffordable.Yet the commercially dominant cooling systems are intensively power-consuming ones,i.e.vapor compression systems.This paper aims to review the recent developments concerning evaporative cooling technologies that could potentially provide sufficient cooling comfort,reduce environmental impact and lower energy consumption in buildings.An extensive literature review has been conducted and mapped out the state-of-the-art evaporative cooling systems.The review covers direct evaporative cooling,indirect evaporative cooling and combined direct-indirect cooling systems.The indirect evaporative coolers include both wet-bulb temperature evaporative coolers and dew point evaporative coolers have been of particular interest because of high thermal performance.The dew point evaporative coolers have shown great potential of development and research opportunity for their improved efficiency and low energy use.
Air-conditioning plays an essential role in ensuring occupants thermal comfort.However,b uilding's electricity bills have become unaffordable.Yet the commercially dominant cooling systems are intensively power-consuming ones,i.e.vapor compression systems.This paper aims to review the recent developments concerning evaporative cooling technologies that could potentially provide sufficient cooling comfort,reduce environmental impact and lower energy consumption in buildings.An extensive literature review has been conducted and mapped out the state-of-the-art evaporative cooling systems.The review covers direct evaporative cooling,indirect evaporative cooling and combined direct-indirect cooling systems.The indirect evaporative coolers include both wet-bulb temperature evaporative coolers and dew point evaporative coolers have been of particular interest because of high thermal performance.The dew point evaporative coolers have shown great potential of development and research opportunity for their improved efficiency and low energy use.
Air-conditioning plays an essential role in ensuring occupants thermal comfort.However,b uilding's electricity bills have become unaffordable.Yet the commercially dominant cooling systems are intensively power-consuming ones,i.e.vapor compression systems.This paper aims to review the recent developments concerning evaporative cooling technologies that could potentially provide sufficient cooling comfort,reduce environmental impact and lower energy consumption in buildings.An extensive literature review has been conducted and mapped out the state-of-the-art evaporative cooling systems.The review covers direct evaporative cooling,indirect evaporative cooling and combined direct-indirect cooling systems.The indirect evaporative coolers include both wet-bulb temperature evaporative coolers and dew point evaporative coolers have been of particular interest because of high thermal performance.The dew point evaporative coolers have shown great potential of development and research opportunity for their improved efficiency and low energy use.
引文
[1]V.Vakiloroaya,B.Samali,A.Fakhar,and K.Pishghadam,“A review of different strategies for HVAC energy saving,”Energy Conversion and Management,vol.77,pp.738-754,2014.
[2]Z.Duan et al.,“Indirect evaporative cooling:Past,present and future potentials,”Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,vol.16,pp.6823-6850,2012.
[3]N.Lechner,Heating,Cooling,Lighting:Sustainable Design Methods for Architects,3rd ed.New Jersey,U.S.A.:Wiley,2009,ch.10,pp.276-293.
[4]T.Pistochini and M.Modera,“Water-use efficiency for alternative cooling technologies in arid climates,”Energy and Buildings,vol.43,pp.631-638,2011.
[5]Y.M.Xuan,F.Xiao,X.F.Niu,X.Huang,and S.W.Wang,“Research and application of evaporative cooling in China:A review(I)–research,”Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,vol.16,pp.3535-3546,2012.
[6]ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Systems and Equipment(SI),1st ed.American Society of Heating,Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc.Atlanta,GA,USA,2008.
[7]D.Kolokotsa,M.Santamouris,A.Synnefa,and T.Karlessi,“Passive solar Architecture,”Comprehensive Renewable Energy,vol.3,pp.637-665,2012.
[8]F.Fardeheb,“Examination and review of passive solar cooling strategies in middle eastern and north african vernacular architecture,”in Proc.ISES World Congress 2007(Vol.I–Vol.V),Florida,2009,pp.2511-2515.
[9]B.Riangvilaikul and S.Kumar,“Numerical study of a novel dew point evaporative cooling system,”Energy and Buildings,vol.42,pp.2241-2250,2010.
[10]D.Pescod,“A heat exchanger for energy saving in an air-conditioning plant,”ASHRAE Transactions,vol.85,pp.238-251,1979.
[11]G.P.Maheshwari,F.Al-Ragom,and R.K.Suri,“Energy-saving potential of an indirect evaporative cooler,”Applied Energy,vol.69,pp.69-76,2001.
[12]I.Maclaine-Cross and P.Banks,“A general theory of wet surface heat exchangers and its application to regenerative evaporative cooling,”Journal of Heat Transfer,vol.103,pp.579-585,1981.
[13]J.F.J.Alonso,F.J.Martínez,E.V.Gómez,and M.A.Plasencia,“Simulation model of an indirect evaporative cooler,”Energy and Buildings,vol.29,pp.23-27,1998.
[14]N.J.Stoitchkov and G.I.Dimitrov,“Effectiveness of cross flow plate heat exchanger for indirect evaporative cooling,”International Journal of Refrigeration,vol.21,pp.463-471,1998.
[15]X.C.Guo and T.S.Zhao,“A parametric study of an indirect evaporative air cooler,”International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,vol.25,pp.217-226,1998.
[16]C.Kettleborough and C.Hsieh,“The thermal performance of the wet surface plastic plate heat exchanger used as an indirect evaporative cooler,”Journal of Heat Transfer,vol.105,pp.366-373,1983.
[17]D.Sekulic and R.Shah,Fundamentals of heat Exchanger Design,1st ed.New York,U.S.A.:Wiley,2002,pp.15-45.
[18]E.V.Gómez,F.J.Martínez,F.V.Diez,M.J.Leyva,and R.Martín,“Description and experimental results of a semi-indirect ceramic evaporative cooler,”International Journal of Refrigeration,vol.28.pp.654-662,2005.
[19]R.H.Martín,“Numerical simulation of a semi-indirect evaporative cooler,”Energy and Buildings,vol.41,pp.1205-1214,2009.
[20]S.B.Riffat and J.Zhu,“Mathematical model of indirect evaporative cooler using porous ceramic and heat pipe,”Applied Thermal Engineering.vol.24,pp.457-470,2004.
[21]J.W.Wan,J.L.Zhang,and W.M.Zhang,“The effect of heat-pipe air-handling coil on energy consumption in central air-conditioning system,”Energy and Buildings,vol.39,pp.1035-1040,2007.
[22]M.A.Abd El-Baky and M.M.Mohamed,“Heat pipe heat exchanger for heat recovery in air conditioning,”Applied Thermal Engineering,vol.27,pp.795-801,2007.
[23]J.K.Calautit,H.N.Chaudhry,B.R.Hughes,and S.Abdul-Ghani,“Comparison between evaporative cooling and a heat pipe assisted thermal loop for a commercial wind tower in hot and dry climatic conditions,”Applied Energy,vol.101,pp.740-755,2013.
[24]J.Xu,X.Ji,W.Yang,and Z.Zhao,“Modulated porous wick evaporator for loop heat pipes:Experiment,”International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,vol.72,pp.163-176,2014.
[25]G.Mathur,“Enhancing performance of an air conditioning system with a two-phase heat recovery loop retrofit,”in Proc.31st Intersociety.Energy Conversion Engineering Conf.,Washington,DC,1996,pp.60-67.
[26]S.H.Noie-Baghban and G.R.Majideian,“Waste heat recovery using heat pipe heat exchanger(HPHE)for surgery rooms in hospitals,”Applied Thermal Engineering,vol.20,pp.1271-1282,2000.
[27]R.H.Martín,F.J.Martínez,and E.V.Gómez,“Thermal comfort analysis of a low temperature waste energy recovery system:SIECHP,”Energy and Buildings,vol.40,pp.561-572,2008.
[28]F.J.Mart??nez,M.A.Plasencia,E.V.Gómez,F.V.D??ez,and R.H.Mart??n,“Design and experimental study of a mixed energy recovery system,heat pipes and indirect evaporative equipment for air conditioning,”Energy and Buildings,vol.35,pp.1021-1030,2003.
[29]V.Maisotsenko,L.E.Gillan,T.L.Heaton,and A.D.Gillan,“Method and plate apparatus for dew point evaporative cooler,”U.S.Patent US6581402 B2,June 24,2003.
[30]L.Elberling,“Laboratory Evaluation of the Coolerado cooler indirect evaporative cooling unit,”Pacific Gas and Electric Company,2006.
[31]X.Zhao,J.M.Li,and S.B.Riffat,“Numerical study of a novel counter-flow heat and mass exchanger for dew point evaporative cooling,”Applied Thermal Engineering,vol.28,pp.1942-1951,2008.
[32]C.Zhan et al.,“Comparative study of the performance of the M-cycle counter-flow and cross-flow heat exchangers for indirect evaporative cooling–Paving the path toward sustainable cooling of buildings,”Energy,vol.36,pp.6790-6805,2011.
[33]X.Zhao,S.Yang,Z.Duan,and S.B.Riffat,“Feasibility study of a novel dew point air conditioning system for China building application,”Building and Environment,vol.44,pp.1990-1999,2009.
[34]X.Zhao,Z.Duan,C.Zhan,and S.B.Riffat,“Dynamic performance of a novel dew point air conditioning for the UK buildings,”International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies,vol.4,pp.27-35,2009.
[35]E.D.Rogdakis,I.P.Koronaki,and D.N.Tertipis,“Experimental and computational evaluation of a Maisotsenko evaporative cooler at Greek climate,”Energy and Buildings,vol.70,pp.497-506,2014.
[36]B.Riangvilaikul,and S.Kumar,“An experimental study of a novel dew point evaporative cooling system,”Energy and Buildings,vol.42,pp.637-644,2010.
[37]F.Bruno,“On-site experimental testing of a novel dew point evaporative cooler,”Energy and Buildings,vol.43,pp.3475-3483,2011.
[38]X.Cui et al.,“Studying the performance of an improved dew-point evaporative design for cooling application,”Applied Thermal Engineering,vol.63,pp.624-633,2014.
[39]A.Hasan,“Indirect evaporative cooling of air to a sub-wet bulb temperature,”Applied Thermal Engineering,vol.30,pp.2460-2468,2010
[40]R.Boukhanouf,A.Alharbi,H.Ibrahim,and M.Kanzari,“Investigation of a sub-wet bulb temperature evaporative cooler for buildings,”in Proc.2013 Sustainable Building Conf.,2013.
[41]J.Lee and D.-Y.Lee,“Experimental study of a counter flow regenerative evaporative cooler with finned channels,”International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,vol.65,pp.173-179,2013.
[42]G.Heidarinejad,M.Bozorgmehr,S.Delfani,and J.Esmaeelian,“Experimental investigation of two-stage indirect/direct evaporative cooling system in various climatic conditions,”Building and Environment,vol.44,pp.2073-2079,2009.
[43]H.El-Dessouky,H.Ettouney,and A.Al-Zeefari,“Performance analysis of two-stage evaporative coolers,”Chemical Engineering Journal,vol.102,pp.255-266,2004.
[44]R.C.Bourne,“Development of an improved two-stage evaporative cooling system,”California Energy Commission,2004.
[45]C.Higgins et al.,“Desert cool-airetm package unit technical assessment field performance of a prototype hybrid indirect evaporative air-conditioner,”New Buildings Institute,2007.
[46]M.Goldsworthy and S.White,“Optimization of a desiccant cooling system design with indirect evaporative cooler,”International Journal of Refrigeration,vol.34,pp.148-158,2011.
[47]G.Heidarinejad and H.Pasdarshahri,“Potential of a desiccant-evaporative cooling system performance in a multi-climate country,”International Journal of Refrigeration,vol.34,pp.1251-1261,2011.
[48]D.La,Y.Li,Y.J.Dai,T.S.Ge,and R.Z.Wang,“Development of a novel rotary desiccant cooling cycle with isothermal dehumidification and regenerative evaporative cooling using thermodynamic analysis method,”Energy,vol.44,pp.778-791,2012.
[49]M.-H Kim,J.Kim,O.Kwon,A.Choi,and J.-W.Jeong,“Energy conservation potential of an indirect and direct evaporative cooling assisted 100%outdoor air system,”Building Services Engineering Research and Technology,vol.32,pp.345-360,2011.
[50]M.-H.Kim and J.-W.Jeong,“Cooling performance of a 100%outdoor air system integrated with indirect and direct evaporative coolers,”Energy,vol.52,pp.245-257,2013.
[51]M.Farmahini-Farahani and G.Heidarinejad,“Increasing effectiveness of evaporative cooling by pre-cooling using nocturnally stored water,”Applied Thermal Engineering,vol.38,pp.117-123,2012.
[2]Z.Duan et al.,“Indirect evaporative cooling:Past,present and future potentials,”Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,vol.16,pp.6823-6850,2012.
[3]N.Lechner,Heating,Cooling,Lighting:Sustainable Design Methods for Architects,3rd ed.New Jersey,U.S.A.:Wiley,2009,ch.10,pp.276-293.
[4]T.Pistochini and M.Modera,“Water-use efficiency for alternative cooling technologies in arid climates,”Energy and Buildings,vol.43,pp.631-638,2011.
[5]Y.M.Xuan,F.Xiao,X.F.Niu,X.Huang,and S.W.Wang,“Research and application of evaporative cooling in China:A review(I)–research,”Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,vol.16,pp.3535-3546,2012.
[6]ASHRAE Handbook HVAC Systems and Equipment(SI),1st ed.American Society of Heating,Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc.Atlanta,GA,USA,2008.
[7]D.Kolokotsa,M.Santamouris,A.Synnefa,and T.Karlessi,“Passive solar Architecture,”Comprehensive Renewable Energy,vol.3,pp.637-665,2012.
[8]F.Fardeheb,“Examination and review of passive solar cooling strategies in middle eastern and north african vernacular architecture,”in Proc.ISES World Congress 2007(Vol.I–Vol.V),Florida,2009,pp.2511-2515.
[9]B.Riangvilaikul and S.Kumar,“Numerical study of a novel dew point evaporative cooling system,”Energy and Buildings,vol.42,pp.2241-2250,2010.
[10]D.Pescod,“A heat exchanger for energy saving in an air-conditioning plant,”ASHRAE Transactions,vol.85,pp.238-251,1979.
[11]G.P.Maheshwari,F.Al-Ragom,and R.K.Suri,“Energy-saving potential of an indirect evaporative cooler,”Applied Energy,vol.69,pp.69-76,2001.
[12]I.Maclaine-Cross and P.Banks,“A general theory of wet surface heat exchangers and its application to regenerative evaporative cooling,”Journal of Heat Transfer,vol.103,pp.579-585,1981.
[13]J.F.J.Alonso,F.J.Martínez,E.V.Gómez,and M.A.Plasencia,“Simulation model of an indirect evaporative cooler,”Energy and Buildings,vol.29,pp.23-27,1998.
[14]N.J.Stoitchkov and G.I.Dimitrov,“Effectiveness of cross flow plate heat exchanger for indirect evaporative cooling,”International Journal of Refrigeration,vol.21,pp.463-471,1998.
[15]X.C.Guo and T.S.Zhao,“A parametric study of an indirect evaporative air cooler,”International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,vol.25,pp.217-226,1998.
[16]C.Kettleborough and C.Hsieh,“The thermal performance of the wet surface plastic plate heat exchanger used as an indirect evaporative cooler,”Journal of Heat Transfer,vol.105,pp.366-373,1983.
[17]D.Sekulic and R.Shah,Fundamentals of heat Exchanger Design,1st ed.New York,U.S.A.:Wiley,2002,pp.15-45.
[18]E.V.Gómez,F.J.Martínez,F.V.Diez,M.J.Leyva,and R.Martín,“Description and experimental results of a semi-indirect ceramic evaporative cooler,”International Journal of Refrigeration,vol.28.pp.654-662,2005.
[19]R.H.Martín,“Numerical simulation of a semi-indirect evaporative cooler,”Energy and Buildings,vol.41,pp.1205-1214,2009.
[20]S.B.Riffat and J.Zhu,“Mathematical model of indirect evaporative cooler using porous ceramic and heat pipe,”Applied Thermal Engineering.vol.24,pp.457-470,2004.
[21]J.W.Wan,J.L.Zhang,and W.M.Zhang,“The effect of heat-pipe air-handling coil on energy consumption in central air-conditioning system,”Energy and Buildings,vol.39,pp.1035-1040,2007.
[22]M.A.Abd El-Baky and M.M.Mohamed,“Heat pipe heat exchanger for heat recovery in air conditioning,”Applied Thermal Engineering,vol.27,pp.795-801,2007.
[23]J.K.Calautit,H.N.Chaudhry,B.R.Hughes,and S.Abdul-Ghani,“Comparison between evaporative cooling and a heat pipe assisted thermal loop for a commercial wind tower in hot and dry climatic conditions,”Applied Energy,vol.101,pp.740-755,2013.
[24]J.Xu,X.Ji,W.Yang,and Z.Zhao,“Modulated porous wick evaporator for loop heat pipes:Experiment,”International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,vol.72,pp.163-176,2014.
[25]G.Mathur,“Enhancing performance of an air conditioning system with a two-phase heat recovery loop retrofit,”in Proc.31st Intersociety.Energy Conversion Engineering Conf.,Washington,DC,1996,pp.60-67.
[26]S.H.Noie-Baghban and G.R.Majideian,“Waste heat recovery using heat pipe heat exchanger(HPHE)for surgery rooms in hospitals,”Applied Thermal Engineering,vol.20,pp.1271-1282,2000.
[27]R.H.Martín,F.J.Martínez,and E.V.Gómez,“Thermal comfort analysis of a low temperature waste energy recovery system:SIECHP,”Energy and Buildings,vol.40,pp.561-572,2008.
[28]F.J.Mart??nez,M.A.Plasencia,E.V.Gómez,F.V.D??ez,and R.H.Mart??n,“Design and experimental study of a mixed energy recovery system,heat pipes and indirect evaporative equipment for air conditioning,”Energy and Buildings,vol.35,pp.1021-1030,2003.
[29]V.Maisotsenko,L.E.Gillan,T.L.Heaton,and A.D.Gillan,“Method and plate apparatus for dew point evaporative cooler,”U.S.Patent US6581402 B2,June 24,2003.
[30]L.Elberling,“Laboratory Evaluation of the Coolerado cooler indirect evaporative cooling unit,”Pacific Gas and Electric Company,2006.
[31]X.Zhao,J.M.Li,and S.B.Riffat,“Numerical study of a novel counter-flow heat and mass exchanger for dew point evaporative cooling,”Applied Thermal Engineering,vol.28,pp.1942-1951,2008.
[32]C.Zhan et al.,“Comparative study of the performance of the M-cycle counter-flow and cross-flow heat exchangers for indirect evaporative cooling–Paving the path toward sustainable cooling of buildings,”Energy,vol.36,pp.6790-6805,2011.
[33]X.Zhao,S.Yang,Z.Duan,and S.B.Riffat,“Feasibility study of a novel dew point air conditioning system for China building application,”Building and Environment,vol.44,pp.1990-1999,2009.
[34]X.Zhao,Z.Duan,C.Zhan,and S.B.Riffat,“Dynamic performance of a novel dew point air conditioning for the UK buildings,”International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies,vol.4,pp.27-35,2009.
[35]E.D.Rogdakis,I.P.Koronaki,and D.N.Tertipis,“Experimental and computational evaluation of a Maisotsenko evaporative cooler at Greek climate,”Energy and Buildings,vol.70,pp.497-506,2014.
[36]B.Riangvilaikul,and S.Kumar,“An experimental study of a novel dew point evaporative cooling system,”Energy and Buildings,vol.42,pp.637-644,2010.
[37]F.Bruno,“On-site experimental testing of a novel dew point evaporative cooler,”Energy and Buildings,vol.43,pp.3475-3483,2011.
[38]X.Cui et al.,“Studying the performance of an improved dew-point evaporative design for cooling application,”Applied Thermal Engineering,vol.63,pp.624-633,2014.
[39]A.Hasan,“Indirect evaporative cooling of air to a sub-wet bulb temperature,”Applied Thermal Engineering,vol.30,pp.2460-2468,2010
[40]R.Boukhanouf,A.Alharbi,H.Ibrahim,and M.Kanzari,“Investigation of a sub-wet bulb temperature evaporative cooler for buildings,”in Proc.2013 Sustainable Building Conf.,2013.
[41]J.Lee and D.-Y.Lee,“Experimental study of a counter flow regenerative evaporative cooler with finned channels,”International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,vol.65,pp.173-179,2013.
[42]G.Heidarinejad,M.Bozorgmehr,S.Delfani,and J.Esmaeelian,“Experimental investigation of two-stage indirect/direct evaporative cooling system in various climatic conditions,”Building and Environment,vol.44,pp.2073-2079,2009.
[43]H.El-Dessouky,H.Ettouney,and A.Al-Zeefari,“Performance analysis of two-stage evaporative coolers,”Chemical Engineering Journal,vol.102,pp.255-266,2004.
[44]R.C.Bourne,“Development of an improved two-stage evaporative cooling system,”California Energy Commission,2004.
[45]C.Higgins et al.,“Desert cool-airetm package unit technical assessment field performance of a prototype hybrid indirect evaporative air-conditioner,”New Buildings Institute,2007.
[46]M.Goldsworthy and S.White,“Optimization of a desiccant cooling system design with indirect evaporative cooler,”International Journal of Refrigeration,vol.34,pp.148-158,2011.
[47]G.Heidarinejad and H.Pasdarshahri,“Potential of a desiccant-evaporative cooling system performance in a multi-climate country,”International Journal of Refrigeration,vol.34,pp.1251-1261,2011.
[48]D.La,Y.Li,Y.J.Dai,T.S.Ge,and R.Z.Wang,“Development of a novel rotary desiccant cooling cycle with isothermal dehumidification and regenerative evaporative cooling using thermodynamic analysis method,”Energy,vol.44,pp.778-791,2012.
[49]M.-H Kim,J.Kim,O.Kwon,A.Choi,and J.-W.Jeong,“Energy conservation potential of an indirect and direct evaporative cooling assisted 100%outdoor air system,”Building Services Engineering Research and Technology,vol.32,pp.345-360,2011.
[50]M.-H.Kim and J.-W.Jeong,“Cooling performance of a 100%outdoor air system integrated with indirect and direct evaporative coolers,”Energy,vol.52,pp.245-257,2013.
[51]M.Farmahini-Farahani and G.Heidarinejad,“Increasing effectiveness of evaporative cooling by pre-cooling using nocturnally stored water,”Applied Thermal Engineering,vol.38,pp.117-123,2012.