男性的逃避——《欢乐之家》中男性角色的亲密恐惧心理解读
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- 论文作者：荆瑞歌
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：厦门大学外文学院;
- 论文关键词：《欢乐之家》 ; 亲密恐惧 ; 男性 ; 逃避
- 英文论文关键词：The House of Mirth ; fear of intimacy ; male ; escape
- 会议召开时间：2016-12-14
- 会议录名称：厦门大学外文学院第九届研究生学术研讨会论文集
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：I712.074
- 学会代码：XMWW
- 会议名称：厦门大学外文学院第九届研究生学术研讨会
- 会议地点：中国福建厦门
- 主办单位：厦门大学外文学院
- 学会名称：厦门大学外文学院
- 页数：11
- 文件大小：100k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：地方
摘要
《欢乐之家》作为伊迪丝·华顿的代表作,刻画了女主人公莉莉·巴特这一典型悲剧形象。华顿在书中着重刻画的莉莉的个人精神品格和当时社会的拜金主义风潮,通常被认为是造成其悲剧命运的罪魁祸首,历来的评论分析也都聚焦在以上两个方面。然而,笔者认为造成莉莉的悲剧的原因是多方面的,尤其是三位主要男性角色更是直接酿成了其悲剧结局。无论是上层社会的特莱纳,还是中产阶级塞尔登,亦或是凭借财富而刚刚跻身上层的土豪罗斯戴尔,都在关键时刻刻意逃避与莉莉原本的亲密关系,最后不约而同地选择抛弃莉莉,是他们的逃避一步步造成了莉莉最终的悲剧结局。这种在两性关系中的逃避行为是亲密恐惧心理的典型体现。本文将从亲密恐惧这一角度出发,通过分析特莱纳、罗斯戴尔和塞尔登这三位主要男性角色对待莉莉的态度的转变,揭示造成男性逃避的真正原因其实是拜金主义的价值观、社会身份的隔阂以及自卑心理的束缚,而这种逃避不仅导致莉莉的悲剧,破坏两性关系的健康发展,更加危及男性的幸福生活。
The House of Mirth is one of the masterpieces of Edith Wharton, creating a typical tragic figure of the heroine, Lily Bart. The spiritual characteristics of Lily and the prevalence of money worship at that time as emphatically depicted in the novel are used to be recognized as major causes for Lily's tragedy, as well as the focus of previous literary studies. However, I believe that the causes of Lily's doom are extremely diverse, especially when considering that male characters actually made huge contribution to the tragic end of Lily. No matter it is Trenor from the upper class, Selden of the middle class, or Rosedale who had just made his entrance into the upper class based on his wealth, they all purposefully avoid their originally intimate relationships with Lily in her critical need and abandon her in the end. This behavior of escape in gender relationship is a typical presentation of fear of intimacy. The thesis tries to analyze the changing attitudes of three male characters towards Lily from the perspective of fear of intimacy so as to reveal the fact that it is the value of money worship, the profound gap among different social statuses and the sense of inferiority that result in male escaping, which not only leads to Lily's tragedy, destroys the healthy development of gender relationship, but also ruins men's happiness.
The House of Mirth is one of the masterpieces of Edith Wharton, creating a typical tragic figure of the heroine, Lily Bart. The spiritual characteristics of Lily and the prevalence of money worship at that time as emphatically depicted in the novel are used to be recognized as major causes for Lily's tragedy, as well as the focus of previous literary studies. However, I believe that the causes of Lily's doom are extremely diverse, especially when considering that male characters actually made huge contribution to the tragic end of Lily. No matter it is Trenor from the upper class, Selden of the middle class, or Rosedale who had just made his entrance into the upper class based on his wealth, they all purposefully avoid their originally intimate relationships with Lily in her critical need and abandon her in the end. This behavior of escape in gender relationship is a typical presentation of fear of intimacy. The thesis tries to analyze the changing attitudes of three male characters towards Lily from the perspective of fear of intimacy so as to reveal the fact that it is the value of money worship, the profound gap among different social statuses and the sense of inferiority that result in male escaping, which not only leads to Lily's tragedy, destroys the healthy development of gender relationship, but also ruins men's happiness.
引文
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[3]Goldsmith,Meredith."The Year of the Rose:Jewish Masculinity in the House of Mirth"[J].Modern Fiction Studies 51.2(2005):374-392.
[4]King,Robert G.,and Lawrence H.Summers."On the Economics of Private Money/Comments"[J].Journal of Monetary Economics 12.1(1983):159-162.
[5]Martin,James L.,and Jeffrey S.Ashby.“Perfectionism and Fear of Intimacy:Implications for Relationships”[J].The Family Journal:Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families,12.4(2004):368-374.
[6]Nevius,Blake.Edith Wharton:A Study of Her Fiction[M].Los Angeles:University of California Press,1976.
[7]Sapora,Carol Baker."Female Doubling:The Other Lily Bart in Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth"[J].Papers on Language and Literature 29.4(1993):371-394.
[8]Tr?en,Bente.,and Dagfinn S?rensen.“Breaking the Speed of the Sound of Loneliness:Sexual Partner Change and Fear of Intimacy”[J].Culture Health&Sexuality 2.3(2000):287-301.
[9]Tyson,Lois.Critical Theory Today:A User-Friendly Guide[M].2nd ed.New York:Taylor&Francis Group,2006.
[10]Wharton,Edith.The House of Mirth[M].New York:Random House,2008.
[11]封金珂.重审《欢乐之家》中莉莉·巴特的悲剧[J].外语教学.6(2007):67-70.
[12]龚献静.伊迪丝·华顿笔下的男性形象研究[D].华中师范大学.2003.
[13]姜晓瑜.商品社会与身体焦虑--《欢乐之家》中的男性形象分析[J].芒种.3(2015):81-82.
[14]潘建.莉莉·巴特:男权社会的牺牲品[J].外国文学研究.1(2000):126-130.
[15]沃秋艳.伊迪丝·华顿《欢乐之家》的女性主义解读[D].厦门大学.2008.
[16]伊迪斯·华顿.《欢乐之家》[M].赵兴国、刘景堪译.北京:译林出版社,1993.
[17]杨金才.《欢乐之家》与伊迪丝·华顿的自然主义倾向[J].英美文学研究论丛.00(2001):248-258.
[2]Emmons,Robert A.,and Patricia M.Colby.“Emotional Conflict and Well-being:Relation to Perceived Availability,Daily Utilization,and Observer Reports of Social Support”[J].Journal of Personality&Social Psychology 68.5(1995):947-59.
[3]Goldsmith,Meredith."The Year of the Rose:Jewish Masculinity in the House of Mirth"[J].Modern Fiction Studies 51.2(2005):374-392.
[4]King,Robert G.,and Lawrence H.Summers."On the Economics of Private Money/Comments"[J].Journal of Monetary Economics 12.1(1983):159-162.
[5]Martin,James L.,and Jeffrey S.Ashby.“Perfectionism and Fear of Intimacy:Implications for Relationships”[J].The Family Journal:Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families,12.4(2004):368-374.
[6]Nevius,Blake.Edith Wharton:A Study of Her Fiction[M].Los Angeles:University of California Press,1976.
[7]Sapora,Carol Baker."Female Doubling:The Other Lily Bart in Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth"[J].Papers on Language and Literature 29.4(1993):371-394.
[8]Tr?en,Bente.,and Dagfinn S?rensen.“Breaking the Speed of the Sound of Loneliness:Sexual Partner Change and Fear of Intimacy”[J].Culture Health&Sexuality 2.3(2000):287-301.
[9]Tyson,Lois.Critical Theory Today:A User-Friendly Guide[M].2nd ed.New York:Taylor&Francis Group,2006.
[10]Wharton,Edith.The House of Mirth[M].New York:Random House,2008.
[11]封金珂.重审《欢乐之家》中莉莉·巴特的悲剧[J].外语教学.6(2007):67-70.
[12]龚献静.伊迪丝·华顿笔下的男性形象研究[D].华中师范大学.2003.
[13]姜晓瑜.商品社会与身体焦虑--《欢乐之家》中的男性形象分析[J].芒种.3(2015):81-82.
[14]潘建.莉莉·巴特:男权社会的牺牲品[J].外国文学研究.1(2000):126-130.
[15]沃秋艳.伊迪丝·华顿《欢乐之家》的女性主义解读[D].厦门大学.2008.
[16]伊迪斯·华顿.《欢乐之家》[M].赵兴国、刘景堪译.北京:译林出版社,1993.
[17]杨金才.《欢乐之家》与伊迪丝·华顿的自然主义倾向[J].英美文学研究论丛.00(2001):248-258.