西藏改则地区雨季上对流层/下平流层大气垂直结构观测研究
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- 英文论文题名：Observational Study on the Vertical Structure of Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere in Gaize of Tibet during the Rainy Season
- 论文作者：洪健昌 ; 郭建平 ; 杜军 ; 王鹏祥
- 英文论文作者：HONG Jianchang ; GUO Jianping ; DU Jun ; WANG Pengxiang ; The Climatic Center of Tibet ; Institute of Atmosphere Composition ; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences ; The Tibetan Meteorological Service Agency
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：西藏自治区气候中心;中国气象科学研究院大气成分研究所;西藏自治区气象局;
- 论文关键词：西藏 ; 风速 ; 相对湿度 ; 对流层顶 ; GPS探空
- 英文论文关键词：Tibet ; Wind speed ; Relative humidity ; Tropopause ; Radiosonde
- 会议召开时间：2016-11-01
- 会议录名称：第33届中国气象学会年会 S3 青藏高原与复杂山地天气气候
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：P412;P421.3
- 学会代码：ZGQX
- 会议名称：第33届中国气象学会年会
- 会议地点：中国陕西西安
- 主办单位：中国气象学会
- 学会名称：中国气象学会
- 页数：19
- 文件大小：1109k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
[资料和方法]利用我国第三次青藏高原大气科学试验2014年7-8月改则探空试验期间获取的每天三次观测的探空数据,[目的]对该地区对流层大气垂直结构进行了研究。[结果]结果表明:改则地区海拔17~19km之间存在逆温现象;第一对流层顶平均高度16082m,第二对流层顶平均高度16466m,前者出现概率远高于后者,两类对流层顶的高度均与其对流层顶的温度、气压成反比。北京时间08:00,14:00和20:00的最大风速分别出现在11.8km、12.6km和12.1km高度,风速值分别为16.2m/s、16.3m/s和15.9m/s,风向随高度顺时针变化,对应为暖平流,由下层西南风转为上层的东南风,17km以上稳定成东北风,下层主导风为西南风。在8km左右的高度上存在一个最大相对湿度值聚集区,从地面开始相对湿度随高度增加(逆湿现象),达到该聚集区后,之后随高度增加而减小。[结论]青藏高原西部雨季对流层顶折叠现象出现概率较低,可能与该季节高空急流或高空峰天气较少有关
By analyzing three-times-daily radiosonde observation data from the third Tibetan Plateau experiment of atmospheric science during July-August 2014, the troposphere vertical structure has been investigated. The temperature inversion was found at altitudes between 17 and 19 km above sea level. The height of the first tropopause is approximately 16082 m, a little lower than the height(16466m) of the second tropopause. The frequency of occurrence of the former is much larger than the latter,both of which are inversely associated with temperature and pressure at the level of tropopause. The maximum wind speed(08:00,14:00 and 20:00, Beijing time) is 16.2m/s, 16.3m/s and 15.9m/s respectively at altitudes of 11.8km, 12.6km and 12.1km, while the wind direction changes clockwisely from the lower southwest wind into the upper southeast wind, corresponding to the warm advection and finally the northeast above 17 km height. The relative humidity increases significantly with altitude from ground until about 8 km agl where RH reaches a peak, then it decreases with increasing altitude. Also, the RH inversion can be observed in the lower level.
By analyzing three-times-daily radiosonde observation data from the third Tibetan Plateau experiment of atmospheric science during July-August 2014, the troposphere vertical structure has been investigated. The temperature inversion was found at altitudes between 17 and 19 km above sea level. The height of the first tropopause is approximately 16082 m, a little lower than the height(16466m) of the second tropopause. The frequency of occurrence of the former is much larger than the latter,both of which are inversely associated with temperature and pressure at the level of tropopause. The maximum wind speed(08:00,14:00 and 20:00, Beijing time) is 16.2m/s, 16.3m/s and 15.9m/s respectively at altitudes of 11.8km, 12.6km and 12.1km, while the wind direction changes clockwisely from the lower southwest wind into the upper southeast wind, corresponding to the warm advection and finally the northeast above 17 km height. The relative humidity increases significantly with altitude from ground until about 8 km agl where RH reaches a peak, then it decreases with increasing altitude. Also, the RH inversion can be observed in the lower level.
引文
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陈学龙,马耀明,孙方林等.2007.珠峰地区雨季对流层大气的特征分析.高原气象,26(6)1280-1286.Chen X L,Ma Y M,Hu Z Y,et a1.2007.The rainy season character o troposphere at Mt.Qomolangma region.Plateau Meteor,26(6):1280-1286(in Chinese)
陈学龙,马耀明,胡泽勇等.2010.季风爆发前后青藏高原西部改则地区大气结构的初步分析.大气科学,34(1):83-94.Chen X L,Ma Y M,Hu Z Y,et a1.2010.Analysis o atmospheric structure in Gaize region of western Tibetan Plateau during pre-onset and onse of monsoon[J].Chinese J.Atmos Sci,34(1):83-94(in Chinese)
郭建平,薛红喜,马兆岩等.2013.珠穆朗玛峰地区大气垂直特征研究.高原气象,32(6)1568-1579.Guo J P,Xue H X,Ma Z Y et al.2013.Study on Vertical structure of severa meteorological elements in Mount Qomolangma region.Plateau Meteor,32(6):1568-1579(in Chinese)
况雪源,张耀存.2006.东亚副热带西风急流季节变化特征及其热力影响机制探讨.气象学报,64(5):564-575.Kuang X Y,Zhang Y C.2006.The seasonal variation of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet and its thermal mechanism.Acta Meteorologica Sinica,64(5)564-575(in Chinese)
马伟强,戴有学,马耀明等.2005.利用无线电探空资料分析藏北高原地区边界层及其空间结构特征.干旱区资源与环境,19(3):40-46.Ma W Q,Dai Y X,Ma Y M,et al.2005.Analysis on the boundary layer and spatial profile of northern Tibetan Plateau area by radiosonde data.J Arid Land Resour Environ,19(3):40-46(in Chinese)
马永峰,卞林根,周秀骥等.2011.北冰洋80o~85oN浮冰区对流层大气的垂直结构.海洋学报,2011,33(2):48-59.Ma Y F,Bian L G,Zhou X J.2011.Vertical structure of tropospher in the floating ice zone over the Arctic Ocean.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,33(2):48-59(in Chinese)
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王敏仲,魏文寿,何清等.2012.青藏高原北侧民丰站2011年7月对流层和低平流层大气观测研究.高原气象,31(5):1203-1214.Wang M Z,WEI W S,He Q,et al.2012Observational analysis of troposphere and low Stratosphere at Minfeng Station on North Sid of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in July 2011.Plateau Meteor,31(5):1203-1214(in Chinese)
王鑫,吕达仁.2007.利用GPS掩星数据分析青藏高原对流层顶结构变化.自然科学进展17:913-919.Wang X,LüD R.2007.Using GPS occultation data for analyzing tropopaus structure variation in Tibetan Plateau.Progress Natural Sci,17:913-919(in Chinese)
占瑞芬,李建平.2008.青藏高原和热带西北太平洋大气热源在亚洲地区夏季平流层-对流层水汽交换的年代际变化中的作用.地球科学,38(8):1028-1040.Zhan R F,Li J P.2008Effects of atmospheric heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and the tropical Northwes Pacific on the interdecadal variability of the stratosphere-troposphere water vapor exchang in Asia.Sci China series D,38(8):1028-1040(in Chinese)
张广兴,李娟,崔彩霞等.2005.新疆1960-1999年第一对流层顶高度变化及其突变分析.气候变化研究进展,1(3):106-110.Zhang G X,Li J,Cui C X,et al.2005.Change trend and analysis of abrupt change for the first tropopause height over Xinjiang in 1960-1999.Adv Climate Change Res,1(3):106-110(in Chinese)
张红雨,周顺武,张国勇等.2011.1979-2008年华北地区对流层顶高度变化特征.气象与环境学报,27(2):08-13.Zhang H Y,Zhou S W,Zhang G Y,et al.2011.Characteristics o variation in tropopause height from 1979 to 2008 in North China.J Meteor Environ,27(2)08-13(in Chinese)
周顺武,杨双艳,张人禾等.2010.青藏高原两类对流层顶高度的季节变化特征.大气科学学报,33(3):307-314.Zhou S W,Yang S Y,Zhang R H,et al.2010.Seasonal variation of two types of tropopause height over the Tibetan Plateau.Trans Atmos Sci,33(3):307-314(in Chinese)
Bao,X.,and F.Zhang.2013.Evaluation of NCEP-CFSR,NCEP-NCAR,ERA-Interim,and E-RA-40 reanalysis datasets against independent sounding observations over the Tibetan Plateau.J Climate,26(1):206-214
Bian J C,Chen H B,Lu D R.2005.Statistics of gravity waves in the lower stratosphere ove Beijing based on high vertical resolution radiosonde.Sci China(Series D),48(9):1548-1558
Bian J C,Chen H R.2008.Statistics of the tropopause inversion layer over Beijing.Adv.Atmos Sci.,25(3):381-386
Birner T.,D?rnbrack A,Schumann U.2002.How sharp is the tropopause at midlatitudes?Geophys Res Lett.,29.1700,doi:10.1029/2002GL015142
Birner T.2006.Fine-scale structure of the extratropical tropopause region.J Geophys Res,111D04104,doi:10.1029/2005JD006301
Chen,X.L.,Ma Y M,Kelder H,et al.2010.On the behaviour of the tropopause folding event over the Tibetan Plateau.Atmos Chemistry Physics Discussions,10(10):22993-23016
Feng,S.,Y.Fu,Q.Xiao.2011.Is the tropopause higher over the Tibetan Plateau?Observati-o nal evidence from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate(COSMIC)data,J Geophys Res,116(D21),doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016140.
Feng,S.,Y.Fu,Q.Xiao.2012.Trends in the global tropopause thickness revealed by radiosondes Geophys Res Lett,39(20),doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053460.
Highwood E J,Hoskins B J.The tropical tropopause.1998.Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,124:1579-1604
Hoinka K P.Statistics of the global tropopause pressure.1998.Mon Wea Rev,126:3303-3325
Holton J R,Haynes P H,McI ntyre M E,et al.1995.Stratosphere-troposphere exchange.Rev Geophys,33,403-439
Randel W J,Wu F.2003.Thermal variability of the tropical tropopause region derived from GPS/MET observations.J.Atmos.Sci.,108(D1):4024-4035
Randel W J,Seidel D J,Pan L L.2007.Observational characteristics of double tropopauses.JGeophys Res.,112,D07309,doi:10.1029/2006JD007904
Randel W J,Wu F.2000.Interannual variability of the tropical tropopause derived from radiosonde data and NCEP reanalyses.J Geophys Res,105(D12):15509-15523
Randel W J,WU F,Forster P.2007.The extratropical tropopause inversion layer:Global observations with GPS data,and a radiative forcing mechanism.J Atmos Sci,64:4489-4496
Reed R J.1955.A study of a characteristic type of upper-level frontogenesis.J Atmos Sci,12(3):226-237
Reichler T,Dameris M,Sausen R.2003.Determining the tropopause height from gridded data.Geophys Res Lett,30(20),2042,doi:10.1029 2003GL018240
Shapiro M A.1980.Turbulent mixing within tropopause folds as a mechanism for the exchange of chemical constituents between the stratosphere and troposphere.J.Atmos.Sci,37:994-1004
Seidel D J,Ross R J,Angell J K.2001.Climatological characteristics of the tropical tropopause as revealed by radiosondes.J Geophys Res,106(D8):7857-7878
Seidel D J,Randel W J.2006.Variability and trends in the global tropopause estimated from radiosonde data.J Geophys Res,111(D21101):1-17
Stohl A,Bonasoni P,Cristofanelli P,et al.2003.Stratosphere-troposphere exchange:A review,and what we have learned from STACCATO.J Geophys Res,108(D12):8516.doi:10.1029/2002JD002490
World Meteorological Organization.1957.Meteorology-A three dimensional science:Second session of the commission for aerology.WMO Bulletin,4(4):134-138
Z?ngl G,Hoinka K P.2001.The tropopause in the polar regions.J Climate,14:3117-3139
陈洪滨,卞建春,吕达仁.2006.上对流层-下平流层交换过程研究的进展与展望.大气科学30(5):813-820.Chen H B,Bian J C,LüD R.2006.Advances and prospects in the study o stratosphere troposphere exchange.Chinese J.Atmos Sci,30(5):813-820(in Chinese)
陈学龙,马耀明,孙方林等.2007.珠峰地区雨季对流层大气的特征分析.高原气象,26(6)1280-1286.Chen X L,Ma Y M,Hu Z Y,et a1.2007.The rainy season character o troposphere at Mt.Qomolangma region.Plateau Meteor,26(6):1280-1286(in Chinese)
陈学龙,马耀明,胡泽勇等.2010.季风爆发前后青藏高原西部改则地区大气结构的初步分析.大气科学,34(1):83-94.Chen X L,Ma Y M,Hu Z Y,et a1.2010.Analysis o atmospheric structure in Gaize region of western Tibetan Plateau during pre-onset and onse of monsoon[J].Chinese J.Atmos Sci,34(1):83-94(in Chinese)
郭建平,薛红喜,马兆岩等.2013.珠穆朗玛峰地区大气垂直特征研究.高原气象,32(6)1568-1579.Guo J P,Xue H X,Ma Z Y et al.2013.Study on Vertical structure of severa meteorological elements in Mount Qomolangma region.Plateau Meteor,32(6):1568-1579(in Chinese)
况雪源,张耀存.2006.东亚副热带西风急流季节变化特征及其热力影响机制探讨.气象学报,64(5):564-575.Kuang X Y,Zhang Y C.2006.The seasonal variation of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet and its thermal mechanism.Acta Meteorologica Sinica,64(5)564-575(in Chinese)
马伟强,戴有学,马耀明等.2005.利用无线电探空资料分析藏北高原地区边界层及其空间结构特征.干旱区资源与环境,19(3):40-46.Ma W Q,Dai Y X,Ma Y M,et al.2005.Analysis on the boundary layer and spatial profile of northern Tibetan Plateau area by radiosonde data.J Arid Land Resour Environ,19(3):40-46(in Chinese)
马永峰,卞林根,周秀骥等.2011.北冰洋80o~85oN浮冰区对流层大气的垂直结构.海洋学报,2011,33(2):48-59.Ma Y F,Bian L G,Zhou X J.2011.Vertical structure of tropospher in the floating ice zone over the Arctic Ocean.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,33(2):48-59(in Chinese)
盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国等.2003.大气物理学.北京:北京大学出版社:48-50.Sheng P XMao J T,Li J G,et al.2003.Atmospheric Physics.Beijing:Peking University Press:48-5(in Chinese)
田红瑛,田文寿,雒佳丽等.2014.青藏高原地区上对流层-下平流层区域水汽分布和变化特征.高原气象,33(1):1-13.Tian H Y,Tian W S,Luo J L,et al.2014.Characteristics of wate vapor distribution and variation in upper troposphere and lower stratosphere ove Qinghai-Xizang plateau.Plateau Meteor,33(1):1-13(in Chinese)
王敏仲,魏文寿,何清等.2012.青藏高原北侧民丰站2011年7月对流层和低平流层大气观测研究.高原气象,31(5):1203-1214.Wang M Z,WEI W S,He Q,et al.2012Observational analysis of troposphere and low Stratosphere at Minfeng Station on North Sid of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in July 2011.Plateau Meteor,31(5):1203-1214(in Chinese)
王鑫,吕达仁.2007.利用GPS掩星数据分析青藏高原对流层顶结构变化.自然科学进展17:913-919.Wang X,LüD R.2007.Using GPS occultation data for analyzing tropopaus structure variation in Tibetan Plateau.Progress Natural Sci,17:913-919(in Chinese)
占瑞芬,李建平.2008.青藏高原和热带西北太平洋大气热源在亚洲地区夏季平流层-对流层水汽交换的年代际变化中的作用.地球科学,38(8):1028-1040.Zhan R F,Li J P.2008Effects of atmospheric heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and the tropical Northwes Pacific on the interdecadal variability of the stratosphere-troposphere water vapor exchang in Asia.Sci China series D,38(8):1028-1040(in Chinese)
张广兴,李娟,崔彩霞等.2005.新疆1960-1999年第一对流层顶高度变化及其突变分析.气候变化研究进展,1(3):106-110.Zhang G X,Li J,Cui C X,et al.2005.Change trend and analysis of abrupt change for the first tropopause height over Xinjiang in 1960-1999.Adv Climate Change Res,1(3):106-110(in Chinese)
张红雨,周顺武,张国勇等.2011.1979-2008年华北地区对流层顶高度变化特征.气象与环境学报,27(2):08-13.Zhang H Y,Zhou S W,Zhang G Y,et al.2011.Characteristics o variation in tropopause height from 1979 to 2008 in North China.J Meteor Environ,27(2)08-13(in Chinese)
周顺武,杨双艳,张人禾等.2010.青藏高原两类对流层顶高度的季节变化特征.大气科学学报,33(3):307-314.Zhou S W,Yang S Y,Zhang R H,et al.2010.Seasonal variation of two types of tropopause height over the Tibetan Plateau.Trans Atmos Sci,33(3):307-314(in Chinese)
Bao,X.,and F.Zhang.2013.Evaluation of NCEP-CFSR,NCEP-NCAR,ERA-Interim,and E-RA-40 reanalysis datasets against independent sounding observations over the Tibetan Plateau.J Climate,26(1):206-214
Bian J C,Chen H B,Lu D R.2005.Statistics of gravity waves in the lower stratosphere ove Beijing based on high vertical resolution radiosonde.Sci China(Series D),48(9):1548-1558
Bian J C,Chen H R.2008.Statistics of the tropopause inversion layer over Beijing.Adv.Atmos Sci.,25(3):381-386
Birner T.,D?rnbrack A,Schumann U.2002.How sharp is the tropopause at midlatitudes?Geophys Res Lett.,29.1700,doi:10.1029/2002GL015142
Birner T.2006.Fine-scale structure of the extratropical tropopause region.J Geophys Res,111D04104,doi:10.1029/2005JD006301
Chen,X.L.,Ma Y M,Kelder H,et al.2010.On the behaviour of the tropopause folding event over the Tibetan Plateau.Atmos Chemistry Physics Discussions,10(10):22993-23016
Feng,S.,Y.Fu,Q.Xiao.2011.Is the tropopause higher over the Tibetan Plateau?Observati-o nal evidence from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate(COSMIC)data,J Geophys Res,116(D21),doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016140.
Feng,S.,Y.Fu,Q.Xiao.2012.Trends in the global tropopause thickness revealed by radiosondes Geophys Res Lett,39(20),doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL053460.
Highwood E J,Hoskins B J.The tropical tropopause.1998.Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,124:1579-1604
Hoinka K P.Statistics of the global tropopause pressure.1998.Mon Wea Rev,126:3303-3325
Holton J R,Haynes P H,McI ntyre M E,et al.1995.Stratosphere-troposphere exchange.Rev Geophys,33,403-439
Randel W J,Wu F.2003.Thermal variability of the tropical tropopause region derived from GPS/MET observations.J.Atmos.Sci.,108(D1):4024-4035
Randel W J,Seidel D J,Pan L L.2007.Observational characteristics of double tropopauses.JGeophys Res.,112,D07309,doi:10.1029/2006JD007904
Randel W J,Wu F.2000.Interannual variability of the tropical tropopause derived from radiosonde data and NCEP reanalyses.J Geophys Res,105(D12):15509-15523
Randel W J,WU F,Forster P.2007.The extratropical tropopause inversion layer:Global observations with GPS data,and a radiative forcing mechanism.J Atmos Sci,64:4489-4496
Reed R J.1955.A study of a characteristic type of upper-level frontogenesis.J Atmos Sci,12(3):226-237
Reichler T,Dameris M,Sausen R.2003.Determining the tropopause height from gridded data.Geophys Res Lett,30(20),2042,doi:10.1029 2003GL018240
Shapiro M A.1980.Turbulent mixing within tropopause folds as a mechanism for the exchange of chemical constituents between the stratosphere and troposphere.J.Atmos.Sci,37:994-1004
Seidel D J,Ross R J,Angell J K.2001.Climatological characteristics of the tropical tropopause as revealed by radiosondes.J Geophys Res,106(D8):7857-7878
Seidel D J,Randel W J.2006.Variability and trends in the global tropopause estimated from radiosonde data.J Geophys Res,111(D21101):1-17
Stohl A,Bonasoni P,Cristofanelli P,et al.2003.Stratosphere-troposphere exchange:A review,and what we have learned from STACCATO.J Geophys Res,108(D12):8516.doi:10.1029/2002JD002490
World Meteorological Organization.1957.Meteorology-A three dimensional science:Second session of the commission for aerology.WMO Bulletin,4(4):134-138
Z?ngl G,Hoinka K P.2001.The tropopause in the polar regions.J Climate,14:3117-3139