Thermal degradation and Flammability of Low Ignition Propensity Cigarette Paper
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- 英文论文题名：Thermal degradation and Flammability of Low Ignition Propensity Cigarette Paper
- 论文作者：Shun Zhou ; Xiaofeng Wang ; Qing He ; Yaping Zhang ; Panyue Wen ; Zhenfeng Tian ; Yingbo Xu ; Dongliang Zhu ; Hua Wang ; Shike She ; Gang Chen
- 英文论文作者：Shun Zhou ; Xiaofeng Wang ; Qing He ; Yaping Zhang ; Panyue Wen ; Zhenfeng Tian ; Yingbo Xu ; Dongliang Zhu ; Hua Wang ; Shike She ; Gang Chen ; Research and Development Centre ; China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co. ; Ltd. ; State Key Laboratory of Fire Science ; University of Science and Technology of China
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：Research and Development Centre,China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co.,Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China;
- 英文论文关键词：Low ignition propensity ; Cigarette paper ; Thermal degradation ; Flammability
- 会议召开时间：2016-12-01
- 会议录名称：中国烟草学会2016年度优秀论文汇编——烟草工业主题
- 语种：英文
- 分类号：TS761.2
- 学会代码：ZGYG
- 学会名称：中国烟草学会
- 页数：30
- 文件大小：4044k
- 原文格式：D
摘要
The thermal degradation and flammability of ordinary area(OA) and coating band(CB) of low ignition propensity(LIP) cigarette paper were compared using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),real-time fourier transform infrared(RT-FTIR),thermogravimetric/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(TG-FTIR) and microscale combustion calorimeter(MCC),respectively.SEM results showed that only the compactly packed particles,instead of fibres exposed on the surface of OA,could be seen on the surface of CB.And it is at the whole temperature range that there are still many closely packed particles on the surface of CB.The results of thermal degradation displayed that C-H and C-O bonds in CB displayed higher thermal stabilities than those in OA.And the comparison of the evolution of their gaseous products manifested that the emission of many gas products of CB like methane,hydrocarbons,aldehydes,CO and alcohols were obviously lower than those of OA.Furthermore,some evaporated species like alkanes,CO,carbonyl compounds and alcohols escaped earlier than those of OA.Their flammability results demonstrated that both peak heat release rate(PHRR) and total heat release(THR) of CB above 270°C in the degradation step of cellulose and the following char decomposition were lower than those of OA.
The thermal degradation and flammability of ordinary area(OA) and coating band(CB) of low ignition propensity(LIP) cigarette paper were compared using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),real-time fourier transform infrared(RT-FTIR),thermogravimetric/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(TG-FTIR) and microscale combustion calorimeter(MCC),respectively.SEM results showed that only the compactly packed particles,instead of fibres exposed on the surface of OA,could be seen on the surface of CB.And it is at the whole temperature range that there are still many closely packed particles on the surface of CB.The results of thermal degradation displayed that C-H and C-O bonds in CB displayed higher thermal stabilities than those in OA.And the comparison of the evolution of their gaseous products manifested that the emission of many gas products of CB like methane,hydrocarbons,aldehydes,CO and alcohols were obviously lower than those of OA.Furthermore,some evaporated species like alkanes,CO,carbonyl compounds and alcohols escaped earlier than those of OA.Their flammability results demonstrated that both peak heat release rate(PHRR) and total heat release(THR) of CB above 270°C in the degradation step of cellulose and the following char decomposition were lower than those of OA.
The thermal degradation and flammability of ordinary area(OA) and coating band(CB) of low ignition propensity(LIP) cigarette paper were compared using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),real-time fourier transform infrared(RT-FTIR),thermogravimetric/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry(TG-FTIR) and microscale combustion calorimeter(MCC),respectively.SEM results showed that only the compactly packed particles,instead of fibres exposed on the surface of OA,could be seen on the surface of CB.And it is at the whole temperature range that there are still many closely packed particles on the surface of CB.The results of thermal degradation displayed that C-H and C-O bonds in CB displayed higher thermal stabilities than those in OA.And the comparison of the evolution of their gaseous products manifested that the emission of many gas products of CB like methane,hydrocarbons,aldehydes,CO and alcohols were obviously lower than those of OA.Furthermore,some evaporated species like alkanes,CO,carbonyl compounds and alcohols escaped earlier than those of OA.Their flammability results demonstrated that both peak heat release rate(PHRR) and total heat release(THR) of CB above 270°C in the degradation step of cellulose and the following char decomposition were lower than those of OA.
引文
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[16]F.Shafizadeh,Thermal behavior of carbohydrates,Journal of Polymer Science Part C:Polymer Symposia 36(1971)21-51.
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[23]K.Izawa,M.Matsukura,Y.Ishizu,Curie-point pyrolysis of cellulose in the presence of potassium malate,Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54(1990)957-963.
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[25]Q.Liu,S.Wang,Z.Luo,K.Cen,Catalysis mechanism study of potassium salts on cellulose pyrolysis by using TG-FTIR analysis,Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 12(2008)1133-1142.
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[27]D.Q.Zhao,Y.Dai,K.F.Chen,Y.F.Sun,F.Yang,K.Y.Chen,Effect of potassium inorganic and organic salts on the pyrolysis kinetics of cigarette paper,Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 102(2013)114-123.
[28]D.Q.Zhao,K.Y.Chen,F.Yang,G.L.Feng,Y.F.Sun,Y.Dai,Thermal degradation kinetics and heat properties of cellulosic cigarette paper:influence of potassium carboxylate as combustion improver,Cellulose 20(2013)3205-3217.
[29]M.Müller-Hagedorn,H.Bockhorn,L.Krebs,U.Muller,A comparative kinetic study on the pyrolysis of three different wood species,Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 68-69(2003)231-249.
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[31]A.Teleman,J.Lundqvist,F.Tjerneld,H.Stalbrandb,O.Dahlmana,Characterization of acetylated 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan isolated from aspen employing~1H and~(13)C-NMR spectroscopy,Carbohydrate Research 329(2000)807-815.
[32]Y.J.Tang,Y.M.Li,J.Song,P.Z.Dong,Structural Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Microsized and Nanosized CaCO_3,Acta Physico-chimica Sinica23(2007)717-722.
[33]GX.Xi,S.J.Tian,Q.T.Cheng,Q.Z.Zhang,Studies on thermal dissociation of sodium alginate,Chemical World,5(2000)254-258.
[34]X.F.Wang,W.Y.Xing,L.Song,B.Y,Y.Q.Shi,W.Yang,Y.Hu,Flame retardancy and thermal properties of novel UV-curing epoxy acrylate coatings modified by phosphorus-containing hyperbranched macromonomer,Journal of Polymer Research,20(2013)165-173.
[35]R.R.Baker,Variation of the permeability of paper with temperature,The Journal of the Technical Associaton of the Pulp and Paper Industry 59(1976)114-115.
[36]M.M.Anca,O.Lucia,N.Apostolescu,C.Moldoveanu,TG-FTIR study on thermal degradation in air of some new diazoaminoderivatives,Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 100(2010)615-622.
[37]P.Buryan,M.Staff,Pyrolysis of the waste biomass,Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 93(2008)637-640.
[38]M.I.Loria-Bastarrachea,W.Herrera-Kao,J.V.Cauich-Rodriguez,J.M.Cervantes-Uc,H.Vazquez-Torres,A.Avila-Ortega,A TG/FTIR study on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone),Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 104(2011)737-742.
[39]E.Biagini,F.Barontini,L.Tognotti,Devolatilization of biomass fuels and biomass components studied by TG/FTIR technique,Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research 45(2006)4486-4493.
[40]S.S.Bruno,P.D.M.Ana,M.R.F.T.Ana,TG-FTIR coupling to monitor the pyrolysis products from agricultural residues.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 97(2009)637-642.
[41]S.Li,J.Lyons-Hart,J.Banyasz,K.Shafer,Real-time evolved gas analysis by FTIR method:an experimental study of cellulose pyrolysis,Fuel 80(2001)1809-1817.
[2]T.J.Ohlemiller,Smoldering Combustion.In:Dienno,PM.,et al.,editors.SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering.2.1995.Chapter 11,Section 2,2/171-179
[3]R.C.Gann,et al(1987)The Effect of Cigarette Characteristics on the Ignition of Soft Furnishings,Section 4:Thermophysics of the Ignition Process,Technical Study Group on Cigarette and Little Cigar Fire Safety,Center for Fire Research,National Bureau of Standards.
[4]R.Garg,B.Reynolds,T.Phan,The development of banded cigarette paper to reduce fabric ignition propensity,Philip Morris USA,RD&E Operations Center;Richmond,VA:2000.Bates number 2062954842-4849
[5]M.Zawadzki,A.Ihrig,Understanding the physical basis for effectiveness of reduced ignition propensity cigarettes in the marketplace,Presented at the 34th International Conference on Fire Safety;January 15,2002;White Sulphur Springs,WV.2002.
[6]B.Eitzinger,A simulation study of self-extinguishing cigarettes,Contrib to Tob Res 22(2006)79-87.
[7]M.M.Hirschler,Mathematical Models to Analyse the Effect of Physical Properties of Cigarettes on the Propensity of the Cigarette to Ignite Cellulosic Fabrics,Fire and Materials21(1997)33-39.
[8]B.Goodman,R.Greene,(1983)Kimberly-Clark Wrappers.Philip Morris.September 7,1983.Bates No.1002814036/4046
[9]R.R.Baker,S.J.Green,D.Kilburn,Smoking Articles.Brown&Williamson Tobacco Corporation,assignee.US Patent 4077414.March 7;1978 inventors.
[10]T.S.Sherwood,F.Rasouli,P.Li,D.E.Miser,J.Y.Mahajer,B.E.Waymack,T.A.Phan,T.L.Madison,J.R.Tilley,Y.B.Pithawalla,Gravure-printed,Branded Cigarette Paper.US2007/0102071.May 10;2007 inventors.
[11]C.F.Martina,WA.Selke,Recent Advances in the Chemical Composition of Tobacco,Tobacco Smoke Symposium,p.533,R.J.Reynolds Tobacco Company,Winston-Salem,North Carolina(1977).
[12]W.F.Owens,Effect of cigarette paper on smoke yield and composition,Recent Advances in Tobacco Science 4(1978)3-24.
[13]K.Zydron,Effect of the permeability of cigarette paper,Przem.Spozyw 35(1981)283-285.
[14]Sir Alfred Egerton,K.Gugan,F.J.Weinberg,The mechanism of smouldering in cigarettes,Combustion and Flame 7(1963)63-78.
[15]R.W.Jenkins,R.T.Bass,R.H.Newman,M K.Chavis,Cigarette smoke formation studies V.The effects of the cigarette periphery on mainstream smoke formation,Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International 9(1977)126-130.
[16]F.Shafizadeh,Thermal behavior of carbohydrates,Journal of Polymer Science Part C:Polymer Symposia 36(1971)21-51.
[17]R.Alger,in The Mechanisms of Pyrolysis,Oxidation and Burning of Organic Materials,ed.by L.A.Wall,Gaithersburg,Md,October 1970,p.171,Nat.Bur.Stand.Spec.Publ.357.
[18]F.Shafizadeh,Industrial Pyrolysis of Cellulosic Materials,Journal of applied polymer science.Applied polymer symposium 28(1975)153-174.
[19]M.Cerny,J.Stanek,1,6-anhydro derivatives of aldohexoses,Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry 34(1977)23-177.
[20]Y.Tsuchiya,K.Sumi,Thermal decomposition products of cellulose,Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14(1970)2003-2013.
[21]P.J.Baldry,C.F.Cullis,D.Goring,M.M.Hirschler,The combustion of cigarette paper,Fire and Materials 12(1988)25-33.
[22]S.Zhou,C.Wang,Y.Xu,Y.Hu,The pyrolysis of cigarette paper under the conditions that simulate cigarette smouldering and puffing,Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry104(2011)1097-1106.
[23]K.Izawa,M.Matsukura,Y.Ishizu,Curie-point pyrolysis of cellulose in the presence of potassium malate,Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54(1990)957-963.
[24]H.Li,Y.Liu,D.Li,B.Cai,Y.K.Chen,Z.Cheng,Effect of combustion improver on combustion behavior of cigarette paper by simultaneous TG/DSC detection,Chinese Journal of Chemistry 28(2010)1322-1326.
[25]Q.Liu,S.Wang,Z.Luo,K.Cen,Catalysis mechanism study of potassium salts on cellulose pyrolysis by using TG-FTIR analysis,Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 12(2008)1133-1142.
[26]Q.Liu,S.Wang,Z.Luo,K.Cen,Mechanism study of wood lignin pyrolysis by using TG-FTIR analysis,Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 82(2008)170-177.
[27]D.Q.Zhao,Y.Dai,K.F.Chen,Y.F.Sun,F.Yang,K.Y.Chen,Effect of potassium inorganic and organic salts on the pyrolysis kinetics of cigarette paper,Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 102(2013)114-123.
[28]D.Q.Zhao,K.Y.Chen,F.Yang,G.L.Feng,Y.F.Sun,Y.Dai,Thermal degradation kinetics and heat properties of cellulosic cigarette paper:influence of potassium carboxylate as combustion improver,Cellulose 20(2013)3205-3217.
[29]M.Müller-Hagedorn,H.Bockhorn,L.Krebs,U.Muller,A comparative kinetic study on the pyrolysis of three different wood species,Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 68-69(2003)231-249.
[30]A.Khelfa,G.Finqueneisel,M.Auber,J.V.Weber,Influence of some minerals on the cellulose thermal degradation mechanisms,Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 92(2008)795-799.
[31]A.Teleman,J.Lundqvist,F.Tjerneld,H.Stalbrandb,O.Dahlmana,Characterization of acetylated 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan isolated from aspen employing~1H and~(13)C-NMR spectroscopy,Carbohydrate Research 329(2000)807-815.
[32]Y.J.Tang,Y.M.Li,J.Song,P.Z.Dong,Structural Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Microsized and Nanosized CaCO_3,Acta Physico-chimica Sinica23(2007)717-722.
[33]GX.Xi,S.J.Tian,Q.T.Cheng,Q.Z.Zhang,Studies on thermal dissociation of sodium alginate,Chemical World,5(2000)254-258.
[34]X.F.Wang,W.Y.Xing,L.Song,B.Y,Y.Q.Shi,W.Yang,Y.Hu,Flame retardancy and thermal properties of novel UV-curing epoxy acrylate coatings modified by phosphorus-containing hyperbranched macromonomer,Journal of Polymer Research,20(2013)165-173.
[35]R.R.Baker,Variation of the permeability of paper with temperature,The Journal of the Technical Associaton of the Pulp and Paper Industry 59(1976)114-115.
[36]M.M.Anca,O.Lucia,N.Apostolescu,C.Moldoveanu,TG-FTIR study on thermal degradation in air of some new diazoaminoderivatives,Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 100(2010)615-622.
[37]P.Buryan,M.Staff,Pyrolysis of the waste biomass,Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 93(2008)637-640.
[38]M.I.Loria-Bastarrachea,W.Herrera-Kao,J.V.Cauich-Rodriguez,J.M.Cervantes-Uc,H.Vazquez-Torres,A.Avila-Ortega,A TG/FTIR study on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone),Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 104(2011)737-742.
[39]E.Biagini,F.Barontini,L.Tognotti,Devolatilization of biomass fuels and biomass components studied by TG/FTIR technique,Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research 45(2006)4486-4493.
[40]S.S.Bruno,P.D.M.Ana,M.R.F.T.Ana,TG-FTIR coupling to monitor the pyrolysis products from agricultural residues.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 97(2009)637-642.
[41]S.Li,J.Lyons-Hart,J.Banyasz,K.Shafer,Real-time evolved gas analysis by FTIR method:an experimental study of cellulose pyrolysis,Fuel 80(2001)1809-1817.