鱼类群落结构稳定性分析:个体大小与营养关系的效应
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- 英文论文题名：The stability of fish communities with size-structured trophic interactions
- 论文作者：张崇良 ; 徐宾铎 ; 任一平
- 英文论文作者：ZHANG Chongliang ; XU Binduo ; REN Yiping ; Ocean university of China ; fisheries college
- 年：2016
- 作者机构：中国海洋大学水产学院;
- 论文关键词：稳定性 ; 质量谱模型 ; 营养结构 ; 捕捞压力
- 英文论文关键词：stability ; size-spectrum model ; trophic interaction ; fishing pressure
- 会议召开时间：2016-11-02
- 会议录名称：2016年中国水产学会学术年会论文摘要集
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：S931.1
- 学会代码：OGSB
- 会议名称：2016年中国水产学会学术年会
- 会议地点：中国四川成都
- 主办单位：中国水产学会、四川省水产学会
- 学会名称：中国水产学会
- 页数：1
- 文件大小：504k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
生态稳定性是生态学研究的中心问题,许多针对于食物网结构的研究中作了深入探讨。需要注意的是,随着鱼类的个体生长,其生态位和营养级往往会发生很大地变化,从而产生复杂和动态的营养关系,而这种营养关系的动态对于生态系统稳定性的影响少有探讨。本研究利用质量谱模型研究了鱼类群落中随着个体大小变化的营养摄食关系。研究以群落的生物量和个体大小组成作为衡量系统状态的指标,评估了生态稳定性中的两个主要方面:(1)系统的平衡状态(2)受扰动后的恢复速度。在稳定的环境条件下,复杂营养关系的鱼类群落具有单一的稳定结构,表明在很大程度上过度捕捞等对于群落的扰动过程具有可逆性,但其恢复过程可能较为缓慢。长期稳定的捕捞压力能够降低群落生物量和生物量谱斜率,但同时可能增加平均个体大小。补充量的变异性能够增加系统状态的不确定性,且两者呈线性关系。物种间的作用强度变化导致了不同的群落稳定状态,这意味着饵料转换对于群落结构有着重大影响。鱼类群落在收到较大扰动之后恢复缓慢,而在长期稳定捕捞压力下的鱼类群落,能够通过减轻被捕食和增强摄食等机制得以较快恢复。本研究指出鱼类群落的稳定性依赖于具体的生态条件,同时在渔业管理中需要适应性的策略来加强生态系统的稳定性。
Ecological stability is a central theme to ecology and has been extensively examined in numerous studies of marine food webs. The ontogenetic niche shift and community-level dynamics yield complex trophic interactions, whereas little attention has been paid to the variability of interactions in driving community stability. We tackle dynamic trophic interactions in size-structured fish communities using a size-spectrum modelling approach. Using state variables of species biomass and size composition, we evaluate two characteristics of stability:(1)the equilibrium states of communities and(2) the recovery rates after random perturbations. The equilibrium is unique for a size-structured community when environmental conditions are constant,suggesting that the effects of demographic perturbations including overfishing are generally reversible. Constant fishing can largely reduce the biomass and size-spectrum slope in equilibrium but increase community mean body weight. Recruitment variability increases the variation of state variables in a linear pattern. The structure of species link strengths causes remarkably different equilibrium status, implying the key role of "prey switching" in determining ecosystem stability.
Ecological stability is a central theme to ecology and has been extensively examined in numerous studies of marine food webs. The ontogenetic niche shift and community-level dynamics yield complex trophic interactions, whereas little attention has been paid to the variability of interactions in driving community stability. We tackle dynamic trophic interactions in size-structured fish communities using a size-spectrum modelling approach. Using state variables of species biomass and size composition, we evaluate two characteristics of stability:(1)the equilibrium states of communities and(2) the recovery rates after random perturbations. The equilibrium is unique for a size-structured community when environmental conditions are constant,suggesting that the effects of demographic perturbations including overfishing are generally reversible. Constant fishing can largely reduce the biomass and size-spectrum slope in equilibrium but increase community mean body weight. Recruitment variability increases the variation of state variables in a linear pattern. The structure of species link strengths causes remarkably different equilibrium status, implying the key role of "prey switching" in determining ecosystem stability.
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