场景的内隐学习可以不依赖于学习视角
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- 英文论文题名：Implicit scene learning is independent the effect of viewpoint
- 论文作者：李士一 ; 宋晨 ; 白学军 ; 孙弘进
- 英文论文作者：Shiyi Li ; Zhongting Wang ; Xuejun Bai ; Hong-jin Sun ; Academy of Psychology and Behavior ; Tianjin Normal University ; Department of Psychology ; Neuroscience & Behaviour ; McMaster University
- 年：2015
- 作者机构：天津师范大学心理与行为研究院;麦克马斯克大学心理、神经科学与行为系;
- 论文关键词：内隐学习 ; 空间记忆 ; 视角效应
- 英文论文关键词：implicit learning ; scene memory ; effect of viewpoint
- 会议召开时间：2015-10-16
- 会议录名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议摘要集——心理学与社会发展
- 英文会议录名称：Proceedings of the 18th National Academic Congress of Psychology
- 语种：中文
- 分类号：B842.3
- 学会代码：ZGXG
- 会议名称：第十八届全国心理学学术会议
- 会议地点：中国天津
- 主办单位：中国心理学会
- 学会名称：中国心理学会
- 页数：2
- 文件大小：844k
- 原文格式：D
- 会议级别：全国
摘要
当我们从某个视角学习一个场景后,在从另一个视角去观察该场景时,视网膜上的成像是不同的,这时空间记忆任务的绩效是否会衰减?这是空间学习中的一个重要问题。该类研究以往多采用外显记忆任务来探讨,很少有研究探讨内隐空间学习中的视角依赖性。背景线索效应范式是研究内隐空间记忆的经典范式,该范式一般要求在新异和重复两种场景下进行视觉搜索,相对于干扰子布局不断变化的新异场景,干扰子布局固定的重复场景会促进对该场景中目标搜索的效率。本研究采用背景线索效应范式,使用计算机模拟的3D真实场景材料来探讨内隐空间学习中的视角依赖性。实验场景由10把位置随机、外观不同的椅子组成,被试从场景的侧上方观察场景,实验任务要求被试在场景中搜索椅面上的一个特定字母。实验一有3个阶段,学习阶段从场景左侧22.5度的视角进行30个组块(每个组块16个试次)的视觉搜索任务。测试阶段是5个组块的视觉搜索,只是视角与学习阶段有0度(与学习阶段相同)或45度(从右侧22.5度观察)的变化,测试阶段开始前告知被试场景进行了旋转。最后是内隐记忆测试阶段。结果发现,在学习阶段习得的背景线索效应迁移到了视角改变后的测试阶段,且该效应是内隐的。然而,这种迁移是由于被试记住了目标与周围物体的顺序关系,还是对整个场景的记忆进行了心理旋转?实验二的学习阶段与实验一相同,测试阶段开始前也告知了被试场景进行了旋转,但测试阶段只是把每把椅子的方向进行了旋转,椅子的绝对位置并没有改变。这样的操纵给被试造成整个场景旋转的错觉,但保留了学习阶段目标与周围物体的顺序关系。结果发现,习得的背景线索效应在测试阶段消失了。该结果表明,被试对之前内隐习得的空间关系进行了心理旋转。本研究首次发现,在内隐记忆中空间布局的编码不局限于视网膜成像,而是对空间关系进行了抽象的加工,且编码的结果能够在无意识的情况下进行心理操作。
It has been well established that repeated configurations of random elements induce better search performance than that of the displays of novel random configurations(contextual cueing effect). Previous studies usually employ tasks of explicit memory to explore viewpoint dependency effect of scene learning. However, we might be able to use information learned without awareness and intentional memory retrieval. In this study we examined search behavior in a computer rendered illustration of a 3D realistic scene. Participants viewed the scene consisted of an array of chairs randomly positioned on the ground. Observers were presented with a sequence of trials in which they searched for and identified an arbitrarily located target letter positioned on the surface of the seat of the chair, each chairs own different identities. Each experiment in our study contain three phases: training phase, testing phase and recognition phase. In the first two phases, participants completed 35 blocks of 16 search trials. 8 of the trials in each block were in the repeated condition, the other 8 trials were in the novel condition. The training session was followed by a transfer session of 5 blocks. In experiment 1, Viewpoints of the scene were rotated 45 degrees on the ground plane in the transfer session, while in the experiment 2 viewpoints did not change, but the chairs orientation do change for 45 degree, by which could make the subjects thought the scene rotated. The results as follow(1) In both experiments, significant contextual cuing was found in the training session.(2) The contextual cuing with comparable magnitude was also found after the change of viewpoint in experiment 1, while was not in experiment 2.(3) The results of the recognition task demonstrated that memory of the scene in our study is implicit. The results shows that the implicit spatial memory is coded in the formation of abstract relationships, rather than just image instance.
It has been well established that repeated configurations of random elements induce better search performance than that of the displays of novel random configurations(contextual cueing effect). Previous studies usually employ tasks of explicit memory to explore viewpoint dependency effect of scene learning. However, we might be able to use information learned without awareness and intentional memory retrieval. In this study we examined search behavior in a computer rendered illustration of a 3D realistic scene. Participants viewed the scene consisted of an array of chairs randomly positioned on the ground. Observers were presented with a sequence of trials in which they searched for and identified an arbitrarily located target letter positioned on the surface of the seat of the chair, each chairs own different identities. Each experiment in our study contain three phases: training phase, testing phase and recognition phase. In the first two phases, participants completed 35 blocks of 16 search trials. 8 of the trials in each block were in the repeated condition, the other 8 trials were in the novel condition. The training session was followed by a transfer session of 5 blocks. In experiment 1, Viewpoints of the scene were rotated 45 degrees on the ground plane in the transfer session, while in the experiment 2 viewpoints did not change, but the chairs orientation do change for 45 degree, by which could make the subjects thought the scene rotated. The results as follow(1) In both experiments, significant contextual cuing was found in the training session.(2) The contextual cuing with comparable magnitude was also found after the change of viewpoint in experiment 1, while was not in experiment 2.(3) The results of the recognition task demonstrated that memory of the scene in our study is implicit. The results shows that the implicit spatial memory is coded in the formation of abstract relationships, rather than just image instance.
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