Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade MKK7-MPK6 plays important roles in plant development and regulates shoot branching by phosphorylating PIN1 in Arabidopsis
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摘要
Emerging evidences exhibit that mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathways are connected with many aspects of plant development. The complexity of MAPK cascades raises challenges not only to identify the MAPK module in planta but also to define the specific role of an individual module. Our previous study have characterized an Arabidopsis bushy and dwarf1(bud1) mutant,in which the MKK7 was constitutively activated,resulting in multiple phenotypic alterations and activated the mobile signal of systemic acquired resistance. To elucidate the specificity of MKK7 and its downstream MAPKs in multiple biological processes,we systemically screened the downstream substrates of MKK7 in vitro. We found that MPK3 and MPK6 are the substrates for phosphorylation by MKK7 in planta. Genetic analysis showed that MKK7-MPK6 cascade is specifically responsible for the regulation of shoot branching,hypocotyl gravitropism,filament elongation,and lateral root formation. We further demonstrated that the MKK7-MPK6 cascade controls shoot branching by phosphorylating Ser 337 on PIN1,which affects the basal localization of PIN1 in xylem parenchyma cells and polar auxin transport in the primary stem. Our findings specify the functions of the MKK7-MPK6 cascade,and explain how MKK7-MPK6 signaling pathway regulates polar auxin transport(PAT) through the specific substrate PIN1 to determine shoot branching in Arabidopsis,establishing a molecular link between the MAPK cascade and auxin-regulated plant development.
Emerging evidences exhibit that mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathways are connected with many aspects of plant development. The complexity of MAPK cascades raises challenges not only to identify the MAPK module in planta but also to define the specific role of an individual module. Our previous study have characterized an Arabidopsis bushy and dwarf1(bud1) mutant,in which the MKK7 was constitutively activated,resulting in multiple phenotypic alterations and activated the mobile signal of systemic acquired resistance. To elucidate the specificity of MKK7 and its downstream MAPKs in multiple biological processes,we systemically screened the downstream substrates of MKK7 in vitro. We found that MPK3 and MPK6 are the substrates for phosphorylation by MKK7 in planta. Genetic analysis showed that MKK7-MPK6 cascade is specifically responsible for the regulation of shoot branching,hypocotyl gravitropism,filament elongation,and lateral root formation. We further demonstrated that the MKK7-MPK6 cascade controls shoot branching by phosphorylating Ser 337 on PIN1,which affects the basal localization of PIN1 in xylem parenchyma cells and polar auxin transport in the primary stem. Our findings specify the functions of the MKK7-MPK6 cascade,and explain how MKK7-MPK6 signaling pathway regulates polar auxin transport(PAT) through the specific substrate PIN1 to determine shoot branching in Arabidopsis,establishing a molecular link between the MAPK cascade and auxin-regulated plant development.
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