壳聚糖处理对板栗生理及贮藏效果影响
摘要
本文以河南确山产的“确红栗”为试验对象,研究使用热酸水浴处理后,对板栗进行壳聚糖涂膜,然后采用LDPE包装,放入(0±1)℃的环境中冷藏,以确定不同热酸溶液的温度,水浴时间、溶液pH、酸度添加剂和料液比对板栗品质的影响;然后对采用壳聚糖溶液对板栗涂膜效果进行研究,确定涂膜剂的浓度及温度,然后选择适合厚度,试验取得以下主要结果:
(1)板栗采后使用热酸水浴处理,可以较好保持其原有风味和口感,减少板栗褐变程度,在感官方面贮藏效果较好。热酸水浴的工艺条件为:温度45℃、恒温时间40min、溶液pH3.5、酸度调节剂柠檬酸、料液比1:1。
(2)在壳聚糖液膜处理中,使用1.5%壳聚糖处理的贮藏效果要优于浓度1.0%和2.0%处理。采用1.5%浓度的壳聚糖处理可以显著抑制板栗在贮藏期间的呼吸强度,降低淀粉水解速率,延长贮藏时间。试验证明,壳聚糖涂膜液的温度以50℃为宜,既可以有效成膜,又不会对板栗贮藏品质造成不良影响,较好地抑制了淀粉酶活性,降低淀粉水解速度,保持板栗自身的抗衰老能力。
(3)板栗在热酸水浴处理、壳聚糖涂膜后采用LDPE包装,较好地抑制了板栗呼吸强度升高,保持板栗含水量。其中在抑制呼吸速率方面以0.05mm厚度最好,但在保持含水量、降低可溶性糖含量方面,不同厚度LDPE之间没有显著性差异。试验结果表明,采用0.05mmLDPE包装在保证板栗正常生理代谢的同时,抑制了SOD、CAT、POD活性下降,延长了板栗贮藏寿命。
(4)壳聚糖膜的气调环境与LDPE包装膜的气调环境相叠加,在抑制果实呼吸强度、减少营养物质消耗、减少水分蒸腾损失、保持感官品质方面有较好效果。
(5)壳聚糖处理具有操作简便、保鲜效果好、贮藏成本低等特点。本试验未对板栗的腐烂和发芽进行研究,对此有待今后进行研究。
This article take the Henan true mountain products "firmly the red chestnut" as the experimental object, after the research uses hot sour water bath processing, to the Chinese chestnut carries on the shell polyose paint film, then uses the LDPE packing, puts in (0±1)℃in the environment refrigerates, by determined that the different hot acid solution the temperature, the water bath time, solution pH, the acidity chemical additive and the material fluid compare to the Chinese chestnut quality influence; Then to uses the shell polyose solution to conduct the research to the Chinese chestnut paint film effect, below the definite paint film medicinal preparation's density and the temperature, then the choice suits thickness, the experiment obtains the main result:
1. After the Chinese chestnut picks, uses hot sour water bath processing, may good maintain its original flavor and the feeling in the mouth, reduces the Chinese chestnut turning brown degree, stores the effect in the sense organ aspect to be good. The hot sour water bath's technological conditions are: The temperature 45℃, constant temperature time 40min, solution pH3.5, the acidity conditioner citric acid, the material fluid compare 1:1
2. In shell polyose fluid film processing, uses 1.5% shell polyose processing to store the effect to surpass density 1.0% and 2.0% processing. Uses 1.5% densities shell polyose processing to be possible obviously to suppress the Chinese chestnut stores the period the breath intensity, cuts the starch hydrolisis speed, the extension stores the time. The experiment proved that shell polyose paint film fluid temperature take 50℃as suitable, both may become the membrane effectively, and will not store the quality to the Chinese chestnut to have the adverse effect, has suppressed the starch enzyme activity well, will reduce the starch hydrolisis speed, will maintain Chinese chestnut own anti-senile ability
3. Chinese chestnut after hot sour water bath processing, shell polyose paint film uses the LDPE packing, suppressed the Chinese chestnut breath intensity to elevate well, maintains the Chinese chestnut water content. And in suppresses the respiratory rate aspect to be best by the 0.05mm thickness, but at maintains the water content, reduces the soluble sugar content aspect, between different thickness LDPE does not have the significance difference. The test result indicated that uses the 0.05mmLDPE packing during guarantee Chinese chestnut normal physiology metabolism, suppressed SOD, CAT, the POD activeness to drop, lengthened the Chinese chestnut shelf life
4. The shell polyose membrane's gas adjustment environment and the LDPE packing membrane's gas adjustment environment superimposes, is suppressing the fruit breath intensity, the reduction nutrients consumption, the reduced moisture content transpiration to lose, to maintain the sense organ quality aspect has the good effect.
5. Shell polyose processing easily has the operation, to maintain freshness the effect well, to store the cost low status characteristic. This experiment not and germinates to Chinese chestnut's corrupting conducts the research, regarding this will wait for conducting the research from now on
(1)板栗采后使用热酸水浴处理,可以较好保持其原有风味和口感,减少板栗褐变程度,在感官方面贮藏效果较好。热酸水浴的工艺条件为:温度45℃、恒温时间40min、溶液pH3.5、酸度调节剂柠檬酸、料液比1:1。
(2)在壳聚糖液膜处理中,使用1.5%壳聚糖处理的贮藏效果要优于浓度1.0%和2.0%处理。采用1.5%浓度的壳聚糖处理可以显著抑制板栗在贮藏期间的呼吸强度,降低淀粉水解速率,延长贮藏时间。试验证明,壳聚糖涂膜液的温度以50℃为宜,既可以有效成膜,又不会对板栗贮藏品质造成不良影响,较好地抑制了淀粉酶活性,降低淀粉水解速度,保持板栗自身的抗衰老能力。
(3)板栗在热酸水浴处理、壳聚糖涂膜后采用LDPE包装,较好地抑制了板栗呼吸强度升高,保持板栗含水量。其中在抑制呼吸速率方面以0.05mm厚度最好,但在保持含水量、降低可溶性糖含量方面,不同厚度LDPE之间没有显著性差异。试验结果表明,采用0.05mmLDPE包装在保证板栗正常生理代谢的同时,抑制了SOD、CAT、POD活性下降,延长了板栗贮藏寿命。
(4)壳聚糖膜的气调环境与LDPE包装膜的气调环境相叠加,在抑制果实呼吸强度、减少营养物质消耗、减少水分蒸腾损失、保持感官品质方面有较好效果。
(5)壳聚糖处理具有操作简便、保鲜效果好、贮藏成本低等特点。本试验未对板栗的腐烂和发芽进行研究,对此有待今后进行研究。
This article take the Henan true mountain products "firmly the red chestnut" as the experimental object, after the research uses hot sour water bath processing, to the Chinese chestnut carries on the shell polyose paint film, then uses the LDPE packing, puts in (0±1)℃in the environment refrigerates, by determined that the different hot acid solution the temperature, the water bath time, solution pH, the acidity chemical additive and the material fluid compare to the Chinese chestnut quality influence; Then to uses the shell polyose solution to conduct the research to the Chinese chestnut paint film effect, below the definite paint film medicinal preparation's density and the temperature, then the choice suits thickness, the experiment obtains the main result:
1. After the Chinese chestnut picks, uses hot sour water bath processing, may good maintain its original flavor and the feeling in the mouth, reduces the Chinese chestnut turning brown degree, stores the effect in the sense organ aspect to be good. The hot sour water bath's technological conditions are: The temperature 45℃, constant temperature time 40min, solution pH3.5, the acidity conditioner citric acid, the material fluid compare 1:1
2. In shell polyose fluid film processing, uses 1.5% shell polyose processing to store the effect to surpass density 1.0% and 2.0% processing. Uses 1.5% densities shell polyose processing to be possible obviously to suppress the Chinese chestnut stores the period the breath intensity, cuts the starch hydrolisis speed, the extension stores the time. The experiment proved that shell polyose paint film fluid temperature take 50℃as suitable, both may become the membrane effectively, and will not store the quality to the Chinese chestnut to have the adverse effect, has suppressed the starch enzyme activity well, will reduce the starch hydrolisis speed, will maintain Chinese chestnut own anti-senile ability
3. Chinese chestnut after hot sour water bath processing, shell polyose paint film uses the LDPE packing, suppressed the Chinese chestnut breath intensity to elevate well, maintains the Chinese chestnut water content. And in suppresses the respiratory rate aspect to be best by the 0.05mm thickness, but at maintains the water content, reduces the soluble sugar content aspect, between different thickness LDPE does not have the significance difference. The test result indicated that uses the 0.05mmLDPE packing during guarantee Chinese chestnut normal physiology metabolism, suppressed SOD, CAT, the POD activeness to drop, lengthened the Chinese chestnut shelf life
4. The shell polyose membrane's gas adjustment environment and the LDPE packing membrane's gas adjustment environment superimposes, is suppressing the fruit breath intensity, the reduction nutrients consumption, the reduced moisture content transpiration to lose, to maintain the sense organ quality aspect has the good effect.
5. Shell polyose processing easily has the operation, to maintain freshness the effect well, to store the cost low status characteristic. This experiment not and germinates to Chinese chestnut's corrupting conducts the research, regarding this will wait for conducting the research from now on
引文
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