蒙特卡罗方法在核测井中的研究与应用
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摘要
核测井技术已在国内外石油天然气勘探开发中有着广泛的应用,且较多油田进入高含水、高采出的深度开发阶段,储层油水分布不均匀,剩余油高度分散且含水度很高,各种测井方式分别获得的数据曲线较多,因此对于地层水淹情况的认识和评价对油田后期开发效果、采出效率、效益有着重要影响。
本论文研究了PND测井在水淹层评价中的应用,分析了评价水淹程度的重要参数CATO值与水淹程度(含水度)的关系,并利用蒙特卡罗数值模拟程序(MCNP)模拟了含水度不同的地层,并得出对应的CATO值,建立两者的关系图,并用此图结论实际测井曲线比较,符合较好。
本论文还研究了PNN测井的实际测井曲线图,发现在一些特殊地层情况下PNN测井仍可进行解释,因此利用MCNP程序模拟了超低矿化度、超低孔隙度、薄油层条件下的热中子时间谱,并求出相应的地层宏观吸收截面,最后用模拟得出的结论与实际测井曲线比较,符合较好。
模拟研究结果表明,在大多数情况下,PND和PNN测井能较好的反映地层的水淹情况。
Nuclear logging technology has been used widely in prospecting for oil and natural gas at home and abroad. Many oil fields are on the ground of high-containing water and high-extracting, uneven stratum oil-water distributing, separated residual oil and high water saturation. Since the data curve from these logging methods is excessive, the understanding and evaluation of flooded layer has a great influence on oil field upper development, extraction efficiency and benefit.
We discuss the application of PND logging in the flooded layer evaluation and analyze the relationship between water saturation and CATO which is important to evaluate the degree of water saturation. And it is found that practical data which is plentiful can't display the relationship between CATO and water saturation. So Monte Carlo numerical simulation program is used to simulate the stratum with different water saturation, and we obtain corresponding CATO and make the relationship chart which is compared with the practical logging data.
We also analyze the practical PNN logging curve and find that some unfamiliar stratum can be explain through PNN logging. And MCNP program is used to simulate the thermal neutron time spectrums on the conditions of very low salinity, porosity and oil sheet. Then we obtain the corresponding formation macroscopic absorption cross section. Finally the simulation result is compared with practical logging data, and the result is good.
The simulation results show that PND and PNN can reflect the situation of flooded layer in many conditions.
本论文研究了PND测井在水淹层评价中的应用,分析了评价水淹程度的重要参数CATO值与水淹程度(含水度)的关系,并利用蒙特卡罗数值模拟程序(MCNP)模拟了含水度不同的地层,并得出对应的CATO值,建立两者的关系图,并用此图结论实际测井曲线比较,符合较好。
本论文还研究了PNN测井的实际测井曲线图,发现在一些特殊地层情况下PNN测井仍可进行解释,因此利用MCNP程序模拟了超低矿化度、超低孔隙度、薄油层条件下的热中子时间谱,并求出相应的地层宏观吸收截面,最后用模拟得出的结论与实际测井曲线比较,符合较好。
模拟研究结果表明,在大多数情况下,PND和PNN测井能较好的反映地层的水淹情况。
Nuclear logging technology has been used widely in prospecting for oil and natural gas at home and abroad. Many oil fields are on the ground of high-containing water and high-extracting, uneven stratum oil-water distributing, separated residual oil and high water saturation. Since the data curve from these logging methods is excessive, the understanding and evaluation of flooded layer has a great influence on oil field upper development, extraction efficiency and benefit.
We discuss the application of PND logging in the flooded layer evaluation and analyze the relationship between water saturation and CATO which is important to evaluate the degree of water saturation. And it is found that practical data which is plentiful can't display the relationship between CATO and water saturation. So Monte Carlo numerical simulation program is used to simulate the stratum with different water saturation, and we obtain corresponding CATO and make the relationship chart which is compared with the practical logging data.
We also analyze the practical PNN logging curve and find that some unfamiliar stratum can be explain through PNN logging. And MCNP program is used to simulate the thermal neutron time spectrums on the conditions of very low salinity, porosity and oil sheet. Then we obtain the corresponding formation macroscopic absorption cross section. Finally the simulation result is compared with practical logging data, and the result is good.
The simulation results show that PND and PNN can reflect the situation of flooded layer in many conditions.
引文
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[3]裴鹿成,张孝泽.蒙特卡罗方法及其在粒子输运问题中的应用[M].北京,科学出版社,1980：76～79.
[4]谢仲生,邓力.中子输运理论数值计算方法[M].西安：西北工业大学出版社,2005：425～439.
[5]丁大钊,叶春堂,赵志祥等.中子物理学[M].北京,原子能出版社,2005：391～412.
[6]刘圣康.中子物理[M].北京：原子能出版社,1986：159-171.
[7]向东,郭兰英.γ能谱的蒙特卡罗模拟[J].数理医药学杂志,2006,19(3)：230～231.
[8]Briesmeister J F. MCNP-A General Monte Carlo Code for N-Particle Transport Code. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-13709-M,1997:25-34.
[9]张圈世.核数值模拟程序MCNP及其在核测井中的应用[J].国外测井技术,1993,8(5)：33～35.
[10]杨永庆,谢仲生等.中子-中子测井数值模拟[J].西安交通大学学报,1988,22(4)：25～27.
[11]I.V.Serov,T.M.John,J.E.Hoogenboom. A New Effective Monte Carlo Midway Coupling Method in MCNP Applied to a Well logging Problem[J]. Appl.Radiat.Isot,1998,12:1737～1744.
[12]Judith F. Briesmeister. MCNP-A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code(Version 4B)[Z]. New Mexico, U.S.A:Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1997:45-51.
[13]Foster, R.A., R.C., Briesmeister, et al. MCNP capabilities for nuclear well logging calculations [J]. Nuclear Science,1990,37:3.
[14]W.A.Schneider, W.W.hman. Dipmeter Analysis by a Monte Carlo Technique[J]. Geophysics,1990:252～254.
[15]Alberto Mendoza, William Preeg. Monte Carlo Modeling of Nuclear Measurements in Vertical and Horizontal Well in the Presence of Mudfiltrate Invasion and salt Mixing[A]. The SPWLA 46th Annual logging Symposium[C], June 2005:26～29.
[16]A.I.Khisamutdinov. Numerical Method of Identifying Parameters of Oil-water Saturation by Nuclear logging[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes,1999,50: 615～625.
[17]袁秀庭,张书经.PND测井在塔河油田碳酸盐储层中的应用[J].中国西部油气地质,2006,2(1)：114～117.
[18]Zorski, T., Palka, K. Spectral neutron-gamma logging tool SO-5-90-SN 2004 and its application in Miocene gas formation,Carpathian Foredeep,Poland[J]. Transactions of the Scientific and Technical Coference,2004,130:209～210.
[19]邵新生,徐家云,李斌等.γ能谱探测效率用蒙特卡罗模拟计算中的系统简化描述[J].核电子学与探测技术,2007,27(4)：794～796.
[20]张唯聪,侯世华,刘玉艳等.RMT测井仪在某些油田中的应用[J].测井技术,2003,27(2)：152～154.
[21]Zimmerman, et al. The MDT tool:wireline testing breakthrough[J]. Oilfield, 1992,4(2):58～65.
[22]Czubek, J.A, Ossowski, et al. Rock models at Zielona Gora, Poland applied to the semi-empirical neutron tool calibration[J]. Nucl.Geophys,1995,9(6): 517～531.
[23]Herron, S.L. Quantitative lithoiogy:an application for open cased hole spectroscopy[J]. Transactions of SPWLA Thirty-seventh Annual Logging Symposium,1996:122.
[24]Vijaya, A.D., Kumar, et al. The neutron spectrum of Am-Be neutron sources[J]. Nucl.Instrum.Methods,1973,111:435-440.
[25]Kreft, A. The question of the fast neutron absorption in moisture measurements by the neutron method[J]. Nuklenika,1973,18:615.
[26]郑华,留宪伟,董建华.双源距碳氧比测井技术研究[J].测井技术,2005,29(2)：160～162.
[27]Evans, M.L. A Computer Model for Calculationg Gamma-ray Pulse-height Spectra for logging Applications[R]. Los Alamos Unclassified Report LA-UR, 1981,81:400.
[28]黄隆基.核测井原理[M].山东：石油大学出版社,2000：120～153.
[29]卢希庭.原子核物理[M].北京：原子能出版社,1981：95～131.
[30]吴文圣,付庚,张智.小井径双源距碳氧比C／O测井的影响因素及处理[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2)：459～462.
[31]王建国,余刚等.一种先进的小直径高性能储层监测仪器[J].同位素,2002,15(增刊)：48～50.
[32]复旦大学,清华大学等.原子核物理实验方法[M].北京：原子能出版社,1981：100～122.
[33]Czubek, J.A. Semi-empirical neutron tool calibration(one and two-group approximation)[R]. Nuclear Physics,1988:431.
[34]Pinault J.L. Some comparisons of spectral responses of neutron-gamma logging tools between the MOCA Monte Carlo code and experimental results[J]. Nucl.Geophys,1990,4:443～453.
[35]A.I.Khisamutdinov. Numerical Method of Identifying Parameters of Oil-water Saturation by Nuclear logging[J]. Applied Radiation and Isotopes,1999,50: 615～625.
[36]赵培华等.油田开发水淹层测井技术[M].北京,石油工业出版社,2003：13～15.
[37]张予生.一种新的确定储层剩余油饱和度的测井技术[J].石油仪器,2005,19(3)：27～35.
[38]陈序三.一种新型储层饱和度测井方法及应用[J].测井技术,2001,25(2)：105～107.
[39]Teresa Cywicka-Jakiel. Progress in numerical modeling of the Cl influence on γ-ray spectra from an n-gamma logging tool,by using the improved ENDF data for radiative capture[J]. Appl.Radiat.Isot,2007,65:731-734.
[40]马新中,张书经等.用PND-S测井的非弹性散射信息求取储层的含水饱和度[J].江汉石油学院学报,2004,26(2)：2-3.
[41]张峰,孙燕.蒙特卡罗方法在脉冲中子测井中的应用[J].同位素,2005,18：2-5.
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