环保型纸纤维发泡缓冲材料的研究
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摘要
随着低碳经济和绿色包装的理念逐步被人们认可,环保型包装材料得到了广泛应用。纸质结构型缓冲材料由于取材于植物纤维,可回收复用,废弃之后可降解,被认为是理想的环保材料。但从缓冲性能角度看,这种材料较之发泡聚苯乙烯等塑料发泡材料,缓冲性能有待改善。目前国内外研究者正致力于研发一种发泡型植物纤维缓冲材料,该材料既有纸质包装材料可降解复用的优点,又有类似发泡塑料的优良缓冲性能。
本课题结合国内外研究成果与本实验室实际情况,以废弃瓦楞纸板为主要原料,经打浆、洗浆、滤水得到瓦楞纸板纤维,与几种助剂混合之后,采用微波发泡工艺,制得一种新型环保型发泡材料,并研究了这种材料的主要性能。具体说来,主要研究了以下内容:
(1)发泡试样的配方选择、制备方法及影响试样性能的因素分析。设计单因素试验,确定合适的发泡方式、成膜剂用量、胶黏剂种类及用量、发泡剂种类及用量、交联剂用量等。在单因素试验的基础上,设计了7因素3水平的正交试验,通过测定各组配方所得试样的各项性能,分析各因素对试样性能的影响;
(2)发泡试样的配方优化。确定试样密度、发泡倍率、发泡失重率、弹性比能和残余应变为决定试样综合性能的几项指标,采用加权法对各因素对各指标的影响指数进行统计,得到对试样综合性能影响程度最大的几个因素,再以这些因素为主要因素,设计优化试验,再次制备试样并测定其性能,确定了一个较优配方:湿纸浆(含水率60%):水:甘油:碳酸氢钠:偶氮二甲酰胺:玉米淀粉:聚乙烯醇:碳酸钙:硼砂=80:200:3.8:0.5:1.5:1.8:1.2:3:0.2。
(3)研究了该新型材料的微观结构。对试样的电镜分析结果表明:材料内部含有大量直径不一的孔状结构,孔壁为纤维束交织而成的贯通结构。
(4)应用土壤填埋降解法研究了该发泡缓冲材料的降解性能,结果表明:该材料在微生物作用下可缓慢降解,也可作为某些地表小动物的食物被分解,具有较好的降解性能。
研究结果说明,以植物纤维为主料制备发泡缓冲材料具有一定的可行性。该发泡材料的力-变形曲线变化趋势与发泡塑料类似,并且具有较好的降解性能。论文的成果为继续进行这种新型材料的工程应用研究提供了一定的理论基础,具有较高的参考价值。
Human beings pay much attention to the environmental protection material because of the deterioration of the environment. As be made from plant fiber, recyclable reuse, scrapped after biodegradable, the paper buffer material is considered the ideal environmental protection material. But its buffer performance is not as good as the plastic foaming material, such as polystyrene and so on. At present, the researchers are committed to research a faming plant fiber buffer material which Biodegradable reuse and have a good buffer performance.
This paper based on the existing research results and the actual conditions of the laboratory, used the waste corrugated cardboard as the main raw material, after beating, washing, pulping, mixxing and foaming process, made a kind of environmental protection foam material, and tested its main performance.In practical terms, the research contain following contents:
(1)Selected the foam sample composition and preparation method, analysed the factors which influence sample properties. Design a single factor experiment, determine the appropriate technology, film-forming agent dosage, adhesive varieties and dosage, blowing agent, types of foaming agent and crosslinking agent.
(2)Optimization the formula of the foam sample. On the basis of single factor experiment, design two orthogonal tests to determine the right formula, then tests the various performance of the sample, and the more optimal formula is: water:Wet pulp ( moisture content 60% ):glycerol:sodium bicarbonate:AC:starch:PVA:calcium carbonate:borax=80:200:3.8:0.5:1.5:1.8:1.2:3:0.2.
(3)Researched the microstructure of the new material microstructure. The electron microscope (sem) analysis showed that material interior contains a large number of hole shape structure, hole wall for fiber bundle chequer transfixion of structure, aperture diameter is differ.
(4)The landfill soil degradation performance testing show that the material have good performance degradation in the natural condition.
The results show that it is feasible to prepare the buffer material by using the plant fiber. Materials for static compression test results show that the material of stress-strain curve changing trends is similar with the foamed plastics. Theresults provide certain theory basis to engineering application, has a certain value.
本课题结合国内外研究成果与本实验室实际情况,以废弃瓦楞纸板为主要原料,经打浆、洗浆、滤水得到瓦楞纸板纤维,与几种助剂混合之后,采用微波发泡工艺,制得一种新型环保型发泡材料,并研究了这种材料的主要性能。具体说来,主要研究了以下内容:
(1)发泡试样的配方选择、制备方法及影响试样性能的因素分析。设计单因素试验,确定合适的发泡方式、成膜剂用量、胶黏剂种类及用量、发泡剂种类及用量、交联剂用量等。在单因素试验的基础上,设计了7因素3水平的正交试验,通过测定各组配方所得试样的各项性能,分析各因素对试样性能的影响;
(2)发泡试样的配方优化。确定试样密度、发泡倍率、发泡失重率、弹性比能和残余应变为决定试样综合性能的几项指标,采用加权法对各因素对各指标的影响指数进行统计,得到对试样综合性能影响程度最大的几个因素,再以这些因素为主要因素,设计优化试验,再次制备试样并测定其性能,确定了一个较优配方:湿纸浆(含水率60%):水:甘油:碳酸氢钠:偶氮二甲酰胺:玉米淀粉:聚乙烯醇:碳酸钙:硼砂=80:200:3.8:0.5:1.5:1.8:1.2:3:0.2。
(3)研究了该新型材料的微观结构。对试样的电镜分析结果表明:材料内部含有大量直径不一的孔状结构,孔壁为纤维束交织而成的贯通结构。
(4)应用土壤填埋降解法研究了该发泡缓冲材料的降解性能,结果表明:该材料在微生物作用下可缓慢降解,也可作为某些地表小动物的食物被分解,具有较好的降解性能。
研究结果说明,以植物纤维为主料制备发泡缓冲材料具有一定的可行性。该发泡材料的力-变形曲线变化趋势与发泡塑料类似,并且具有较好的降解性能。论文的成果为继续进行这种新型材料的工程应用研究提供了一定的理论基础,具有较高的参考价值。
Human beings pay much attention to the environmental protection material because of the deterioration of the environment. As be made from plant fiber, recyclable reuse, scrapped after biodegradable, the paper buffer material is considered the ideal environmental protection material. But its buffer performance is not as good as the plastic foaming material, such as polystyrene and so on. At present, the researchers are committed to research a faming plant fiber buffer material which Biodegradable reuse and have a good buffer performance.
This paper based on the existing research results and the actual conditions of the laboratory, used the waste corrugated cardboard as the main raw material, after beating, washing, pulping, mixxing and foaming process, made a kind of environmental protection foam material, and tested its main performance.In practical terms, the research contain following contents:
(1)Selected the foam sample composition and preparation method, analysed the factors which influence sample properties. Design a single factor experiment, determine the appropriate technology, film-forming agent dosage, adhesive varieties and dosage, blowing agent, types of foaming agent and crosslinking agent.
(2)Optimization the formula of the foam sample. On the basis of single factor experiment, design two orthogonal tests to determine the right formula, then tests the various performance of the sample, and the more optimal formula is: water:Wet pulp ( moisture content 60% ):glycerol:sodium bicarbonate:AC:starch:PVA:calcium carbonate:borax=80:200:3.8:0.5:1.5:1.8:1.2:3:0.2.
(3)Researched the microstructure of the new material microstructure. The electron microscope (sem) analysis showed that material interior contains a large number of hole shape structure, hole wall for fiber bundle chequer transfixion of structure, aperture diameter is differ.
(4)The landfill soil degradation performance testing show that the material have good performance degradation in the natural condition.
The results show that it is feasible to prepare the buffer material by using the plant fiber. Materials for static compression test results show that the material of stress-strain curve changing trends is similar with the foamed plastics. Theresults provide certain theory basis to engineering application, has a certain value.
引文
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