魔芋超强吸水剂的制备及其结构分析
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摘要
超强吸水剂(SAP)具有优越的吸水和保水性能，广泛应用于卫生用品、医药、建筑、农业、园艺、食品等各个领域。为减少随之而来的环境污染，多糖与乙烯基类不饱和单体接枝共聚制备SAP引起了学术界的极大关注。本文研究了魔芋多糖和乙烯基类不饱和单体接枝共聚制备SAP的条件，并对该接枝共聚物的结构和生物降解性能进行了研究和分析。主要研究结果如下：
1 魔芋粉主要成份含量的测定
利用红外干燥法、灼烧法、索氏抽提法、碱溶液溶解分离—重量法、3，5—二硝基水杨酸比色法、稀酸稀碱消化—灼烧法分别对魔芋粉中的水分、灰分、脂类、淀粉、葡甘聚糖、粗纤维进行了测定。结果表明它们的含量分别为6.72％、4.47％、0.56％、29.22％、43.51％、8.57％，魔芋粉中主要成份为多糖，含量达80％。
2 魔芋超强吸水剂(KSAP)的制备及性能测试
以过硫酸钾为引发剂，N，N′—亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，采用水溶液聚合法，将部分中和的丙烯酸单体接枝到魔芋多糖分子上。结果表明：在魔芋粉质量为3.000g，丙烯酸质量为30.000g，丙烯酸为氢氧化钠中和80％，引发剂量为0.150g，交联剂量为0.050g，反应温度为60℃，反应时间为2h条件下制得的KSAP吸纯净水倍率为750倍，自来水278倍，且凝胶强度和保水性能均较好。
3 KSAP的结构分析
利用富里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜分别对合成的KSAP结构和特征进行了分析，水萃取法对其接枝效率进行了测定。结果表明：KSAP是魔芋多糖与丙烯酸(钠)的接枝产物，为一种均一性聚合物，接枝效率为75％。
4 KSAP的生物降解性能研究
利用霉菌侵蚀法和土壤掩埋法对合成的KSAP的生物降解性能进行了评价，结果表明：该吸水剂具有生物降解性，属环境友好材料。
Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) possesses the excellent properties such as water-absorption, water-retention. SAP is widely used in many fields, e.g. hygiene products, medicine, construct, agriculture, horticulture, food, etc. More and more attention has been paid to the preparation of SAP by grafting the ethylenic unsaturated monomers onto polysaccharides in order to decrease the environment pollutions. This paper studied on the conditions of the SAP preparation by grafting the ethylenic unsaturated monomers onto the polysaccharides of konjac flour. In addition , the structure and the biodegradable property of the SAP were tested . The main results as the follows :
1 The determination of the main components of konjac
The contents of water, ash, lipid, starch, konjac glucomannan, crude fiber of konjac flour were respectively determined by infrared drying method, ignition method, Soxhlet extraction method, etc. The results indicated that the contents of the components as above were 6.72%, 4.47%, 0.56%, 29.22%, 43.51%, and 8.57% respectively. More than 80% components of konjac flour were polysaccharides.
2 The preparation of konjac superabsorbent polymer (KSAP) and the test of its properties
KSAP was prepared by grafting acrylic acid partly neutralized by sodium hydroxide onto the polysaccharides of konjac flour. The reaction was initiated by potassium persulfate (K2S2O8). The reaction products were crosslinked by N, N'- methylene bis acrylamide (NBisA). The capability of absorbing pure water for KSAP was up to 750 times and tap water 279 times under the following conditions: the mass of konjac flour 3.000g, the mass of acrylic acid 30.000g, the neutralization degree of acrylic acid 80%, the mass of initiator 0.150g, the mass of crosslinker 0.050g, the reaction temperature 60 C, the time of reaction 2 hours respectively. Gel strength and water retention were acceptable.
3 Structural analysis of KSAP
The structure of KSAP was analyzed by means of Fourier-transform Infrared and Scanning Electron Microscope. The results indicated KSAP was the graft product
prepared by grafting sodium acrylate onto the polysaccharides of konjac flour. The graft efficiency of KSAP was 75% determined by water extraction method. 4 Studies on the biodegradation of KSAP
The biodegradable property of KSAP was evaluated by mould erosion and soil burying. The results indicated that microorganism could degrade KSAP. It was friendly to the environment.
1 魔芋粉主要成份含量的测定
利用红外干燥法、灼烧法、索氏抽提法、碱溶液溶解分离—重量法、3，5—二硝基水杨酸比色法、稀酸稀碱消化—灼烧法分别对魔芋粉中的水分、灰分、脂类、淀粉、葡甘聚糖、粗纤维进行了测定。结果表明它们的含量分别为6.72％、4.47％、0.56％、29.22％、43.51％、8.57％，魔芋粉中主要成份为多糖，含量达80％。
2 魔芋超强吸水剂(KSAP)的制备及性能测试
以过硫酸钾为引发剂，N，N′—亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，采用水溶液聚合法，将部分中和的丙烯酸单体接枝到魔芋多糖分子上。结果表明：在魔芋粉质量为3.000g，丙烯酸质量为30.000g，丙烯酸为氢氧化钠中和80％，引发剂量为0.150g，交联剂量为0.050g，反应温度为60℃，反应时间为2h条件下制得的KSAP吸纯净水倍率为750倍，自来水278倍，且凝胶强度和保水性能均较好。
3 KSAP的结构分析
利用富里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电镜分别对合成的KSAP结构和特征进行了分析，水萃取法对其接枝效率进行了测定。结果表明：KSAP是魔芋多糖与丙烯酸(钠)的接枝产物，为一种均一性聚合物，接枝效率为75％。
4 KSAP的生物降解性能研究
利用霉菌侵蚀法和土壤掩埋法对合成的KSAP的生物降解性能进行了评价，结果表明：该吸水剂具有生物降解性，属环境友好材料。
Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) possesses the excellent properties such as water-absorption, water-retention. SAP is widely used in many fields, e.g. hygiene products, medicine, construct, agriculture, horticulture, food, etc. More and more attention has been paid to the preparation of SAP by grafting the ethylenic unsaturated monomers onto polysaccharides in order to decrease the environment pollutions. This paper studied on the conditions of the SAP preparation by grafting the ethylenic unsaturated monomers onto the polysaccharides of konjac flour. In addition , the structure and the biodegradable property of the SAP were tested . The main results as the follows :
1 The determination of the main components of konjac
The contents of water, ash, lipid, starch, konjac glucomannan, crude fiber of konjac flour were respectively determined by infrared drying method, ignition method, Soxhlet extraction method, etc. The results indicated that the contents of the components as above were 6.72%, 4.47%, 0.56%, 29.22%, 43.51%, and 8.57% respectively. More than 80% components of konjac flour were polysaccharides.
2 The preparation of konjac superabsorbent polymer (KSAP) and the test of its properties
KSAP was prepared by grafting acrylic acid partly neutralized by sodium hydroxide onto the polysaccharides of konjac flour. The reaction was initiated by potassium persulfate (K2S2O8). The reaction products were crosslinked by N, N'- methylene bis acrylamide (NBisA). The capability of absorbing pure water for KSAP was up to 750 times and tap water 279 times under the following conditions: the mass of konjac flour 3.000g, the mass of acrylic acid 30.000g, the neutralization degree of acrylic acid 80%, the mass of initiator 0.150g, the mass of crosslinker 0.050g, the reaction temperature 60 C, the time of reaction 2 hours respectively. Gel strength and water retention were acceptable.
3 Structural analysis of KSAP
The structure of KSAP was analyzed by means of Fourier-transform Infrared and Scanning Electron Microscope. The results indicated KSAP was the graft product
prepared by grafting sodium acrylate onto the polysaccharides of konjac flour. The graft efficiency of KSAP was 75% determined by water extraction method. 4 Studies on the biodegradation of KSAP
The biodegradable property of KSAP was evaluated by mould erosion and soil burying. The results indicated that microorganism could degrade KSAP. It was friendly to the environment.
引文
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