环境管制对FDI影响研究
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摘要
随着经济全球化的蓬勃发展,各国的环境问题日趋恶化,许多国家实行了越来越严厉的环境管制措施。这些措施在取得环保绩效的同时,也对各国的经济增长方式产生重大影响。FDI作为国际资本流动的主要形式之一,对推动经济全球化,促进东道国经济增长起到了重要的作用,但是FDI也可能给东道国带来严重的环境问题。各国在环境资源有限的情况下,只有一方面加强环境管制,一方面大力引进高质量的FDI,调整产业结构,促进经济增长方式的转变,才能够获得可持续的发展。
本文以国际贸易学、产业经济学以及国际投资学的相关理论与方法为基础,采用理论分析与实证研究、静态分析与动态分析相结合的方法,研究环境管制影响FDI的内在规律,并按照规范的经济学研究范式,运用或扩展相关理论模型,使用现代计量经济学的研究方法,对中国环境管制对FDI的影响进行实证分析。
本文的研究表明环境管制不仅影响FDI的流入数量,更影响FDI的资本质量。环境管制对FDI流入数量的影响动态体现在FDI数量的空间分布和行业分布上；而环境管制对FDI的资本质量的影响则动态体现在FDI内含的技术水平提升与FDI资本效率的提高上面。本文通过研究环境管制对FDI的空间分布、技术水平提升与产业结构变动的作用而将流入的FDI数量与质量有机联系起来,从而形成本文的整体研究框架。
本文的研究得出了以下四个主要结论：(1)我国的环境管制对FDI的区位分布具有显著的负效应,环境管制强度越高的地区,FDI流入的数量将越少,同时FDI的相对密度也越低；(2)我国的环境管制对各个地区和各个行业FDI的技术水平提升具有显著的正效应；(3)我国的环境管制对FDI第二产业比重提升具有显著的正效应,对FDI第三产业比重提升具有显著的负的影响,而与FDI第一产业比重变动无明显关联；(4)我国的环境管制对FDI二次产业内结构的变动具有显著的正效应。
本文的研究对于协调环境保护政策、自主创新政策与招商引资政策具有重要的意义。中国各地区与各行业应该尽快提高环境管制标准和强度,加强环境保护,促进FDI技术水平提升与产业结构升级,弥补因为环境管制而导致的FDI数量流出的损失,从而达到调整产业结构、转变经济增长方式和社会协调发展的战略目的。
As the economical globalization booms, environmental problems in various countries are becoming increasingly worse, resulting in even more severe environmental regulation measures being implemented in these nations. These measures, while achieving environmental efficiency, are imposing an obvious impact on the growth patterns of these economies. As a major means of international capital flow, foreign direct investment (FDI) has pushed forward economical globalization and greatly facilitated economic growth in the host nation, where serious environmental problems have emerged though. Faced with the shortage of environmental resources, these nations will have to fortify their environmental regulation and introduce quality FDI, as well as modifying their industrial structure and altering their economic growth pattern, in a bid to achieve sustainable development.
This paper, based on theories and methods of International Trade, Industrial Economics and International Investment, employs such approaches as theoretic analysis, static analysis, dynamic analysis, and case study in an effort find out the intrinsic regularity about how environmental regulation influences FDI. Besides the standard research paradigm in economics and the relevant theoretical models, the research methods of modern econometrics are also taken to help track the influences China's environmental regulation has upon its FDI.
Researches in this paper show that environmental regulation has an effect on both the influx amount and the capital quality of FDI. The influence on the influx amount is dynamically demonstrated in terms of its spatial distribution and industrial distribution, whereas the quality influence is shown dynamically in terms of FDI's technological improvement and the increase of its capital efficiency. The main framework for research in this paper is thus formed by taking together the FDI influx amount and its quality, and by integrating the influences on the spatial distribution, technological improvement, and industrial structure alteration that environmental regulation exerts.
Four central conclusions are reached in this paper.1) China's environmental regulation has a remarkable negative influence on FDI regional distribution, i.e., the more intensive the environmental regulation in an area, the smaller the FDI influx amount and the lower the FDI relative density.2) The environmental regulation in China imposes a striking positive influence on FDI technological advancement for various regions and industries.3) The environmental regulation also exerts a notable positive impact on the FDI proportion increase of the secondary industry, as opposed to the obvious negative impact on the tertiary industry change, whereas no marked relation is detected as the primary industry is concerned.4) China's environmental regulation also has a prominent positive effect on the FDI's second internal structure alteration.
The findings in this research are expected to be of great significance for China to coordinate its environmental regulation policies, independent innovation policies and financing policies. It is advised that different regions and industries in China increase their regulation standards and intension, promote environmental protection, upgrade FDI technologies and industrial structure, and compensate for the FDI outflow caused by environmental regulation. These efforts are believed to help fulfill the strategic purposes of China's industrial structure alteration, change in its economic grow pattern and harmonious social development.
本文以国际贸易学、产业经济学以及国际投资学的相关理论与方法为基础,采用理论分析与实证研究、静态分析与动态分析相结合的方法,研究环境管制影响FDI的内在规律,并按照规范的经济学研究范式,运用或扩展相关理论模型,使用现代计量经济学的研究方法,对中国环境管制对FDI的影响进行实证分析。
本文的研究表明环境管制不仅影响FDI的流入数量,更影响FDI的资本质量。环境管制对FDI流入数量的影响动态体现在FDI数量的空间分布和行业分布上；而环境管制对FDI的资本质量的影响则动态体现在FDI内含的技术水平提升与FDI资本效率的提高上面。本文通过研究环境管制对FDI的空间分布、技术水平提升与产业结构变动的作用而将流入的FDI数量与质量有机联系起来,从而形成本文的整体研究框架。
本文的研究得出了以下四个主要结论：(1)我国的环境管制对FDI的区位分布具有显著的负效应,环境管制强度越高的地区,FDI流入的数量将越少,同时FDI的相对密度也越低；(2)我国的环境管制对各个地区和各个行业FDI的技术水平提升具有显著的正效应；(3)我国的环境管制对FDI第二产业比重提升具有显著的正效应,对FDI第三产业比重提升具有显著的负的影响,而与FDI第一产业比重变动无明显关联；(4)我国的环境管制对FDI二次产业内结构的变动具有显著的正效应。
本文的研究对于协调环境保护政策、自主创新政策与招商引资政策具有重要的意义。中国各地区与各行业应该尽快提高环境管制标准和强度,加强环境保护,促进FDI技术水平提升与产业结构升级,弥补因为环境管制而导致的FDI数量流出的损失,从而达到调整产业结构、转变经济增长方式和社会协调发展的战略目的。
As the economical globalization booms, environmental problems in various countries are becoming increasingly worse, resulting in even more severe environmental regulation measures being implemented in these nations. These measures, while achieving environmental efficiency, are imposing an obvious impact on the growth patterns of these economies. As a major means of international capital flow, foreign direct investment (FDI) has pushed forward economical globalization and greatly facilitated economic growth in the host nation, where serious environmental problems have emerged though. Faced with the shortage of environmental resources, these nations will have to fortify their environmental regulation and introduce quality FDI, as well as modifying their industrial structure and altering their economic growth pattern, in a bid to achieve sustainable development.
This paper, based on theories and methods of International Trade, Industrial Economics and International Investment, employs such approaches as theoretic analysis, static analysis, dynamic analysis, and case study in an effort find out the intrinsic regularity about how environmental regulation influences FDI. Besides the standard research paradigm in economics and the relevant theoretical models, the research methods of modern econometrics are also taken to help track the influences China's environmental regulation has upon its FDI.
Researches in this paper show that environmental regulation has an effect on both the influx amount and the capital quality of FDI. The influence on the influx amount is dynamically demonstrated in terms of its spatial distribution and industrial distribution, whereas the quality influence is shown dynamically in terms of FDI's technological improvement and the increase of its capital efficiency. The main framework for research in this paper is thus formed by taking together the FDI influx amount and its quality, and by integrating the influences on the spatial distribution, technological improvement, and industrial structure alteration that environmental regulation exerts.
Four central conclusions are reached in this paper.1) China's environmental regulation has a remarkable negative influence on FDI regional distribution, i.e., the more intensive the environmental regulation in an area, the smaller the FDI influx amount and the lower the FDI relative density.2) The environmental regulation in China imposes a striking positive influence on FDI technological advancement for various regions and industries.3) The environmental regulation also exerts a notable positive impact on the FDI proportion increase of the secondary industry, as opposed to the obvious negative impact on the tertiary industry change, whereas no marked relation is detected as the primary industry is concerned.4) China's environmental regulation also has a prominent positive effect on the FDI's second internal structure alteration.
The findings in this research are expected to be of great significance for China to coordinate its environmental regulation policies, independent innovation policies and financing policies. It is advised that different regions and industries in China increase their regulation standards and intension, promote environmental protection, upgrade FDI technologies and industrial structure, and compensate for the FDI outflow caused by environmental regulation. These efforts are believed to help fulfill the strategic purposes of China's industrial structure alteration, change in its economic grow pattern and harmonious social development.
引文
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