大型客车动力总成悬置系统的设计分析及模糊控制
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摘要
汽车动力总成是汽车振动的主要激振源之一,对汽车操作稳定性和乘坐舒适性有很大影响。针对大型客车的动力总成悬置系统设计研究较少,目前的客车发动机主要采用被动的橡胶悬置系统隔振,它难以满足发动机宽频范围内隔振降噪的要求。本文提出新型磁流变液压悬置系统,对其进行设计分析,运用模糊控制方法实现阻尼的可调性。对整车的隔振降噪水平具有一定的指导意义。
本文根据某国产大型客车动力总成的结构和工作特点,建立系统六自由度动力学模型。该模型直观反映了客车四点、斜置的动力总成悬置系统,并根据四缸四冲程直列发动机作为激振源的系统外力,推导并求解系统运动微分方程。研究发动机隔振效果的评价指标,分析被动橡胶悬置系统动特性,得出发动机宽频隔振要求。
设计了新型磁流变液压悬置。该悬置将被动液压悬置中的液压油替换为磁流变液,利用这种智能材料的流变特性实现阻尼的实时调控。分析该悬置的具体结构和工作原理,确定各个零部件的材料、设计尺寸和参数。分析该动力总成磁流变液压悬置系统六阶模态及固有频率、稳态振动响应和特殊工况下的瞬态振动响应,验证动力总成磁流变液压悬置系统具有隔离发动机及车身之间双向振动传递的作用。
提出将模糊控制思想融入动力总成磁流变液压悬置系统的方法,对其进行模糊控制研究。根据发动机宽频隔振要求,设计模糊控制策略和模糊控制器。对比分析了采用模糊控制的磁流变液压悬置、未加控制的磁流变液压悬置和橡胶悬置的隔振效果,验证模糊控制下的磁流变液压悬置隔振效果较被动悬置有所改进,阻尼可实时调控,能够在宽频范围内有效隔振。
Vehicle powertrain is the main exciting source of vibration, which has a significant impact on the stability and comfort of vehicle operations. There is little powertrain mounting system study for arge passenger vehicles , the current bus engine is mainly passive rubber mounting system, which is difficult to meet the range of the engine vibration noise broadband requirements. This paper presents new MRF hydraulic suspension system. the adjustable damping is achieved by the use of fuzzy control ,which has has a guiding sense for descreasing Noise level of vehicle vibration .
The six degrees of freedom dynamic model of the system is established,Based on a domestic passenger car structure and characteristics of the powertrain . The model directly reflects the four-point bus, oblique powertrain mounting system.the system of differential equations of motion is derived in accordance with four-cylinder four-stroke inline engine system as the external excitation source . the current use of the passive rubber engine mounting system can not meet the requirements of broadband noise isolation. Compare and analyze that the current passive rubber engine mounting system can’t meet the requirements of the engine isolating vibration and noise.
The new engine MRF hydraulic mounting is designed,which meets Requirement of Broadband vibration isolation . the hydraulic oil fluid is replaced by MRF in The passive hydraulic mounting, which can achieve real-time damping control.Analyze the specific structure,working principle, the components of the materials, design dimensions and parameters.
we also analyze the hydraulic of powertrain mounting system , six-step mode natural frequency, steady state vibration response and special conditions of the transient vibration response.
Finally, the fuzzy control theory is fused in the hydraulic powertrain mounting system, according to broadband engine vibration isolation requirements, fuzzy control strategy and fuzzy controller are designed.The paper compared the fuzzy control of the magnetorheological hydraulic suspension and uncontrolled magnetorheological hydraulic suspension and rubber mounts for vibration.Verify that the magnetorheological hydraulic mount with the fuzzy control has an improvement over the passive mounting system. Its damp can be controlled as real-time, and it can be effective in isolation within the broadband.
本文根据某国产大型客车动力总成的结构和工作特点,建立系统六自由度动力学模型。该模型直观反映了客车四点、斜置的动力总成悬置系统,并根据四缸四冲程直列发动机作为激振源的系统外力,推导并求解系统运动微分方程。研究发动机隔振效果的评价指标,分析被动橡胶悬置系统动特性,得出发动机宽频隔振要求。
设计了新型磁流变液压悬置。该悬置将被动液压悬置中的液压油替换为磁流变液,利用这种智能材料的流变特性实现阻尼的实时调控。分析该悬置的具体结构和工作原理,确定各个零部件的材料、设计尺寸和参数。分析该动力总成磁流变液压悬置系统六阶模态及固有频率、稳态振动响应和特殊工况下的瞬态振动响应,验证动力总成磁流变液压悬置系统具有隔离发动机及车身之间双向振动传递的作用。
提出将模糊控制思想融入动力总成磁流变液压悬置系统的方法,对其进行模糊控制研究。根据发动机宽频隔振要求,设计模糊控制策略和模糊控制器。对比分析了采用模糊控制的磁流变液压悬置、未加控制的磁流变液压悬置和橡胶悬置的隔振效果,验证模糊控制下的磁流变液压悬置隔振效果较被动悬置有所改进,阻尼可实时调控,能够在宽频范围内有效隔振。
Vehicle powertrain is the main exciting source of vibration, which has a significant impact on the stability and comfort of vehicle operations. There is little powertrain mounting system study for arge passenger vehicles , the current bus engine is mainly passive rubber mounting system, which is difficult to meet the range of the engine vibration noise broadband requirements. This paper presents new MRF hydraulic suspension system. the adjustable damping is achieved by the use of fuzzy control ,which has has a guiding sense for descreasing Noise level of vehicle vibration .
The six degrees of freedom dynamic model of the system is established,Based on a domestic passenger car structure and characteristics of the powertrain . The model directly reflects the four-point bus, oblique powertrain mounting system.the system of differential equations of motion is derived in accordance with four-cylinder four-stroke inline engine system as the external excitation source . the current use of the passive rubber engine mounting system can not meet the requirements of broadband noise isolation. Compare and analyze that the current passive rubber engine mounting system can’t meet the requirements of the engine isolating vibration and noise.
The new engine MRF hydraulic mounting is designed,which meets Requirement of Broadband vibration isolation . the hydraulic oil fluid is replaced by MRF in The passive hydraulic mounting, which can achieve real-time damping control.Analyze the specific structure,working principle, the components of the materials, design dimensions and parameters.
we also analyze the hydraulic of powertrain mounting system , six-step mode natural frequency, steady state vibration response and special conditions of the transient vibration response.
Finally, the fuzzy control theory is fused in the hydraulic powertrain mounting system, according to broadband engine vibration isolation requirements, fuzzy control strategy and fuzzy controller are designed.The paper compared the fuzzy control of the magnetorheological hydraulic suspension and uncontrolled magnetorheological hydraulic suspension and rubber mounts for vibration.Verify that the magnetorheological hydraulic mount with the fuzzy control has an improvement over the passive mounting system. Its damp can be controlled as real-time, and it can be effective in isolation within the broadband.
引文
[1]高寒,姜晓.发动机原理[M].北京:北京交通大学出版社,2007:15-32.
[2]喻惠然.发动机隔振的研究[J].汽车技术,1992,09.
[3] Ellwood F.Resilent Mountings for Parsseger-Car Powerplants[M].SAE Trans Vol4 No1,1950.
[4]李莹,王天利,孙小帮.汽车动力总成橡胶悬置系统性能研究综述[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2010,06.
[5]户原春彦.防振橡胶及其应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1982:80-106.
[6] H.C.Lord. Vibration Dampening Mounting [P].The USA Patent,1778503,Oct. 14,1930.
[7] Brochure.[EB/OL].http://www.loggers.nl/brochure.htm 1.2005.3.
[8]姜洪源,董春芳,敖宏瑞.航空发动机用金属橡胶隔振器动静态性能的研究[J].航空学报,2004,25(2):11-15.
[9]史文库,姜莞,李艳国.新型发动机橡胶悬置[P].吉林大学,200920094585.2.
[10] B.Marc.A New Generation of Engine Mounts [J].SAE Trans,840259, 1984 (2):230 -236.
[11] E.C.Patrick,H.T.Gerd.Hydraulic Engine Mount Characteristics[J].SAE Trans, 840407,1984(3):25-30.
[12] Y.H.Yu, N.G. Naganathan,R.V.Dukkipati.A Literature Review of Vehicle Automotive Engine Mounting Systems [J].Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2001,36:123-142.
[13] Pling Lee. Elastomeric Engine Mount with Hydraulic Damping[P].The U.S.A:Patemt,1935.
[14] Richard A.Muzechuk. Hydraulic Mounts Improved Engine Isolation[C].The U.S.A.:SAE Paper,840410,2008.
[15]叶向好.汽车发动机动力总成悬置系统隔振性能的优化设计研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2005.
[16] Givers L.Technical Highlights of the Automobiles[J].The U.S.A Automotive Engineering, 1985,92(10).
[17]季晓刚.汽车动力总成悬置研究的发展.汽车科技[J],2004,(1):4-6.
[18]王立公.轿车动力总成液压悬置隔振降噪技术的理论和应用研究[D].吉林:吉林工业大学,1996.
[19] N.Vahdati.M.Ahmadian.Variable Volumetric Stiffness Fluid Mount Design [J]. Shock and Vibration,2004,11:21-32.
[20] T. Ushijima, K.Takano, H. Kojima. High Performance Hydraulic Mount for Improving Vehicle Noise and Vibration[C].The U.S.A.:Mechanism and Machine Theory,2001.
[21] Stuart Birch. Noise and Vibration[J].The U.S.A.Automotive Engineering: 1988,2.
[22] S.Morishita,J.Mitsui.An Electronically Controlled Engine Mounts Using Electro Rheological Fluids[J].SAE Technical Paper Series 922290,1992.
[23] Metzeler and Freudenberg Inc,Advanced Rubber Technology[J].The U.S.A. Automotive Engineering,1991,16(13).
[24] Jack Yamaguchi.Electronically Controlled Engine Mounting System Smooth Transfers[J].The U.S.A.:Automotive Engineering.1983.
[25] N.K.Petek, R.J.Goudie, F.P.Boyle. Actively Controlled Damping in Electro Rheological Fluid-filled Engine Mounts [J].SAE paper 881785,1988.
[26] J.D.Carlson,M.J.Chrzan,F.O.James.Magneto-rheological Fluid Devices [P]. US Patent, No. 5398917,1995.
[27] M.S.Brian. Design and Characterization of Tun Able Magneto-rheological Fluid Elastic Mounts [D].Virginia:Master Degree Dissertations of the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,2008.
[28] J.D.Carlson, M R.Jolly. MR fluid elastomer and foam devices [J]. Mechatronics, 2000,10(2):555-569.
[29]张纪刚,吴斌,欧进萍.渤海某平台磁流变智能阻尼隔振控制[J].沈阳建筑大学学报,2006,22(1):68-72.
[30]涂奉臣,陈照波,李华.一种改进型磁流变阻尼器用于宽频隔振研究[J].振动工程学报,2007,20(5):484-488.
[31] Takao Ushijima et al.High Performance Hydraulic Mount for Improving Vehicle Noise and Vibration[J].SAE Paper 880073.
[32] Singh R.Kim C,Ravindra PV.Linear Analysis of Automotive Hydro Mecha- nical Mount with Emphasis on Decoupler Characteristics.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1992,158(2).
[33] Toshiyukj hibayama. Active Engine Mount for A Large Amplitude of Idling Vibration[C]. The U.S.A. SAE Paper,951298,2009.
[34] Jack Yamaguch.Toyota Harrier/Lexus X300[J]. The U.S.A.Automotive Engineering.1998,4.
[35] Peter Burgess.Lexus RX300-luxury on the off-road[J],Automotive Engineer, January 2001:74-76.
[36]丁世稳.发动机主动悬置的控制方法的研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2009.
[37]梁天也,史文库,唐明祥.发动机悬置研究综述[J].噪声与振动控制,2007(1).
[38]李锐,陈伟民,廖昌荣等.基于磁流变技术的发动机隔振控制[J].机械工程学报,2009,03.
[39] Karnopp D,Acetive and Semi-active Vibration Isolation, Transactions of the ASME, 1995,117:177-185.
[40] Zaden A G, Fahim A, Neural Network and Fuzzy Applicationto Vehicle System:Literature Survey,Int J of Vehicle Design,1997,18(2) :132-193.
[41] Yoshmimura T, Nakaminami K, A Semi-active Suspension With Dynamic Absorbers of Ground Vehicles Using Fuzzy Reasoning, Int J of Vehicle Design, 1997, 18(1):230-238.
[42]孙国春.汽车动力总成振动主动控制关键技术研究[D].吉林:吉林大学博士论文,2007.
[43]汤望.大客车发动机悬置设计有关问题的探讨[J].客车技术与研究,2001,04.
[44]李锐.基于磁流变液悬置的发动机隔振方法与试验研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2009.
[45]喻惠然.CA6102型发动机悬置的研究[J].汽车技术,1992,1.
[46]翟晶.汽车动力总成悬置系统隔振性能分析与优化设计[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005.
[47]周云,谭冰.磁流变阻尼控制理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:28-29.
[48]翁建生.基于磁流变阻尼器的车辆悬架系统半主动控制[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2001.
[49]李世勇.模糊控制、神经控制和智能控制论[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006:29-71.
[2]喻惠然.发动机隔振的研究[J].汽车技术,1992,09.
[3] Ellwood F.Resilent Mountings for Parsseger-Car Powerplants[M].SAE Trans Vol4 No1,1950.
[4]李莹,王天利,孙小帮.汽车动力总成橡胶悬置系统性能研究综述[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2010,06.
[5]户原春彦.防振橡胶及其应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1982:80-106.
[6] H.C.Lord. Vibration Dampening Mounting [P].The USA Patent,1778503,Oct. 14,1930.
[7] Brochure.[EB/OL].http://www.loggers.nl/brochure.htm 1.2005.3.
[8]姜洪源,董春芳,敖宏瑞.航空发动机用金属橡胶隔振器动静态性能的研究[J].航空学报,2004,25(2):11-15.
[9]史文库,姜莞,李艳国.新型发动机橡胶悬置[P].吉林大学,200920094585.2.
[10] B.Marc.A New Generation of Engine Mounts [J].SAE Trans,840259, 1984 (2):230 -236.
[11] E.C.Patrick,H.T.Gerd.Hydraulic Engine Mount Characteristics[J].SAE Trans, 840407,1984(3):25-30.
[12] Y.H.Yu, N.G. Naganathan,R.V.Dukkipati.A Literature Review of Vehicle Automotive Engine Mounting Systems [J].Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2001,36:123-142.
[13] Pling Lee. Elastomeric Engine Mount with Hydraulic Damping[P].The U.S.A:Patemt,1935.
[14] Richard A.Muzechuk. Hydraulic Mounts Improved Engine Isolation[C].The U.S.A.:SAE Paper,840410,2008.
[15]叶向好.汽车发动机动力总成悬置系统隔振性能的优化设计研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2005.
[16] Givers L.Technical Highlights of the Automobiles[J].The U.S.A Automotive Engineering, 1985,92(10).
[17]季晓刚.汽车动力总成悬置研究的发展.汽车科技[J],2004,(1):4-6.
[18]王立公.轿车动力总成液压悬置隔振降噪技术的理论和应用研究[D].吉林:吉林工业大学,1996.
[19] N.Vahdati.M.Ahmadian.Variable Volumetric Stiffness Fluid Mount Design [J]. Shock and Vibration,2004,11:21-32.
[20] T. Ushijima, K.Takano, H. Kojima. High Performance Hydraulic Mount for Improving Vehicle Noise and Vibration[C].The U.S.A.:Mechanism and Machine Theory,2001.
[21] Stuart Birch. Noise and Vibration[J].The U.S.A.Automotive Engineering: 1988,2.
[22] S.Morishita,J.Mitsui.An Electronically Controlled Engine Mounts Using Electro Rheological Fluids[J].SAE Technical Paper Series 922290,1992.
[23] Metzeler and Freudenberg Inc,Advanced Rubber Technology[J].The U.S.A. Automotive Engineering,1991,16(13).
[24] Jack Yamaguchi.Electronically Controlled Engine Mounting System Smooth Transfers[J].The U.S.A.:Automotive Engineering.1983.
[25] N.K.Petek, R.J.Goudie, F.P.Boyle. Actively Controlled Damping in Electro Rheological Fluid-filled Engine Mounts [J].SAE paper 881785,1988.
[26] J.D.Carlson,M.J.Chrzan,F.O.James.Magneto-rheological Fluid Devices [P]. US Patent, No. 5398917,1995.
[27] M.S.Brian. Design and Characterization of Tun Able Magneto-rheological Fluid Elastic Mounts [D].Virginia:Master Degree Dissertations of the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,2008.
[28] J.D.Carlson, M R.Jolly. MR fluid elastomer and foam devices [J]. Mechatronics, 2000,10(2):555-569.
[29]张纪刚,吴斌,欧进萍.渤海某平台磁流变智能阻尼隔振控制[J].沈阳建筑大学学报,2006,22(1):68-72.
[30]涂奉臣,陈照波,李华.一种改进型磁流变阻尼器用于宽频隔振研究[J].振动工程学报,2007,20(5):484-488.
[31] Takao Ushijima et al.High Performance Hydraulic Mount for Improving Vehicle Noise and Vibration[J].SAE Paper 880073.
[32] Singh R.Kim C,Ravindra PV.Linear Analysis of Automotive Hydro Mecha- nical Mount with Emphasis on Decoupler Characteristics.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1992,158(2).
[33] Toshiyukj hibayama. Active Engine Mount for A Large Amplitude of Idling Vibration[C]. The U.S.A. SAE Paper,951298,2009.
[34] Jack Yamaguch.Toyota Harrier/Lexus X300[J]. The U.S.A.Automotive Engineering.1998,4.
[35] Peter Burgess.Lexus RX300-luxury on the off-road[J],Automotive Engineer, January 2001:74-76.
[36]丁世稳.发动机主动悬置的控制方法的研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2009.
[37]梁天也,史文库,唐明祥.发动机悬置研究综述[J].噪声与振动控制,2007(1).
[38]李锐,陈伟民,廖昌荣等.基于磁流变技术的发动机隔振控制[J].机械工程学报,2009,03.
[39] Karnopp D,Acetive and Semi-active Vibration Isolation, Transactions of the ASME, 1995,117:177-185.
[40] Zaden A G, Fahim A, Neural Network and Fuzzy Applicationto Vehicle System:Literature Survey,Int J of Vehicle Design,1997,18(2) :132-193.
[41] Yoshmimura T, Nakaminami K, A Semi-active Suspension With Dynamic Absorbers of Ground Vehicles Using Fuzzy Reasoning, Int J of Vehicle Design, 1997, 18(1):230-238.
[42]孙国春.汽车动力总成振动主动控制关键技术研究[D].吉林:吉林大学博士论文,2007.
[43]汤望.大客车发动机悬置设计有关问题的探讨[J].客车技术与研究,2001,04.
[44]李锐.基于磁流变液悬置的发动机隔振方法与试验研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2009.
[45]喻惠然.CA6102型发动机悬置的研究[J].汽车技术,1992,1.
[46]翟晶.汽车动力总成悬置系统隔振性能分析与优化设计[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005.
[47]周云,谭冰.磁流变阻尼控制理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:28-29.
[48]翁建生.基于磁流变阻尼器的车辆悬架系统半主动控制[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2001.
[49]李世勇.模糊控制、神经控制和智能控制论[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006:29-71.