恒电位脉冲法检测转子钢的FATT
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摘要
本文对恒电位脉冲法(PPT)检测转子钢FATT技术进行了研究。采用正交实验法确定了最佳测试条件。在最佳测试条件下测定了不同温度下实验室冶炼的30Cr2MoV转子钢材料的恒电位脉冲极化(PPT)的电流响应。分别以PPT总电流和从总电流中扣除双电层电容充电电流后得到的再活化电流为电化学参数,结合化学成分、机械性能和金相组织参数等其它参数,采用多元回归分析法建立了30Cr2MoV转子钢FATT测算模型。结果表明,与以总电流作为电化学参数相比,以扣除了双电层电容充电电流后得到的再活化电流为电化学参数建立FATT测算模型可以显著提高FATT拟合精确度,拟和误差±20℃以内,达到了国际上同类方法的精度。
This paper is about the detection of FATT of turbine rotor steel using potentiostatic pulse test.Through orthogonal test at different conditions,the best electrochemical test conditions are obtained.The current is mensurated by Potentiostatic Pulse Test of turbine rotor steel 30Cr2MoV for lab-charged at different temperature under the best electrochemical test conditions.The total current density and the current density that have deducted charge current of the double-layer capacitance are taken separately as the electrochemistry parameters. Regard the temperature as an independent factor,multiple regression analysis is conducted considering some chemical composition and mechanical performance. The result showed electrochemistry parameters of the current density that have deducted charge current of the double-layer capacitance are better than that of the total current density,which enhance the precision of FATT.And the prediction error of the models obtained by multiple linear regression and genetic programming was within the scatter of±20℃,and achieved the international precision of the same method.
This paper is about the detection of FATT of turbine rotor steel using potentiostatic pulse test.Through orthogonal test at different conditions,the best electrochemical test conditions are obtained.The current is mensurated by Potentiostatic Pulse Test of turbine rotor steel 30Cr2MoV for lab-charged at different temperature under the best electrochemical test conditions.The total current density and the current density that have deducted charge current of the double-layer capacitance are taken separately as the electrochemistry parameters. Regard the temperature as an independent factor,multiple regression analysis is conducted considering some chemical composition and mechanical performance. The result showed electrochemistry parameters of the current density that have deducted charge current of the double-layer capacitance are better than that of the total current density,which enhance the precision of FATT.And the prediction error of the models obtained by multiple linear regression and genetic programming was within the scatter of±20℃,and achieved the international precision of the same method.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国电力工业部.DL/T 654-1998.火电厂超期服役机组寿命评估技术导则[S].北京:中国电力出版社,1998-03-19
[2]毛雪平,刘宗德,2002,22(6):119-122
[3]毛雪平,刘宗德,杨昆,等.转子钢高温下的低周疲劳特性实验研究.中国电机工程学报,杨昆,等.30Cr1Mo1V转子钢蠕变-疲劳交互作用的实验研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(2):206-209
[4]毛雪平,刘宗德,杨昆,等.30Cr—1Mo1V蠕变损伤的实验研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,23(7):201-203
[5]安江英,张保衡.材料脆化对汽轮机转子残余寿命的影响.电力情报,1997(1):53-56
[6]安江英.材料脆化对汽轮机组启动预热和超速试验温度的影响.现代电力,1997,14(1):9-12
[7]Fujita,Akitsugu,Shinohara,et al.Effect of chemical composition and manufacturing procedure on toughness of CrMoV HP rotor forgings.Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,1998,84(3):236-241
[8]杜秉乾,杨寿敏,邓世敏.国产300MW汽轮机预防转子脆性损伤的研究[J].热力发电,1992(4)
[9]J.H.Bulloch,D.Crowe.Embrittlement observed in Cr-Mo turbine bolts after service.Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,1998,29(1):59-66
[10]Douglas H,Smith J.Life Optimization is Critical to Extending Power Plant Life.Power Engineering,1991,6(2):132-136
[11]S.M.Bruemmer.Evaluation of chemical and electrochemical etching techniques to determine phosphorus segregation in NiCrMoV rotor steels.Corrosion,1986,42(3):180-185
[12]R.Viswanathan,S.M.Bruemmer,R.H.Richmann.Etching technique for assessing toughness degradation of in-service components.Journal of engineering materials and technology,1988,110(10):313-318
[13]Kwon Ⅱ-Hyun,Baek Seung-Se,Yu Hyo-Sun.The use of electrochemical and mechanical property correlations to monitor the degradation of Cr-Mo-V turbine casing steel.International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2003,80(3):157-165
[14]马洪香,李进.用极化分析法评估Cr-Mo-V汽轮机转子材料的脆化程度.华北电力技术,1992(11):32-35
[15]X.Mao and W.Zhao.Electrochemical Polarization Method to Detect Aging Embrittlement of 321 Stainless Steel.Corrosion,1993,49(4):335-342
[16]Yoshikuni Kadoya,Toru Goto,Mao Takei.Nondestructive Evaluation of Temper Embrittlement in Cr-Mo-V Rotor Steels.JSME International Journal,1992,35(2):226-233
[17]Shin-ichi Komazaki,Shigeo Kishi,Tetsuo Shoji,et al.Thermal aging embrittlement of W alloyed 9%Cr ferritic steels and its evaluation by electrochemical technique.材料,2000,49(8):919-926
[18]Shibuy T.,Misawa T..Electrochemical Evaluation of the Degree of Temper Embrittlement with Modetransfer in Impact fracture Surface of 2.25 Cr-1 Mo Low Alloy Steels.材料と环境,1999,48(3):195-207
[19]J.Kameda,R.Ranjan.Nondestructive evaluation of steels using acoustic and magnetic Barkhausen signals—Ⅱ.Effect of intergranular impurity segregation.Acta Metall,1987,35(7):1527-153
[20]村田肇,川本和夫,等.日本汽轮机剩余寿命诊断和延长使用寿命的措施.热力发电译丛,1992(3):11-25
[21]#12
[22]庄子哲雄.材料劣化による研究,委托研究报告书,青叶工业会编,1994年4月
[23]黄蓉,赵勇.论大型汽轮机转子的长期时效脆性评定与控制.汽轮机技术,1998,40(1):50-53
[24]刘显惠,林锦棠.国内外汽轮机大型转子锻件材料的技术进展.国外金属热处理,1999,20(3):5-7
[25]钟惠仙.汽轮机低压转子用钢的发展.大型铸锻件,1996,74:45-50
[26]宋传宝,金嘉瑜,张皓.提高30CrMoNiV钢大锻件冲击韧性的研究.大型铸锻件,2001,92:12-14
[27]王雷钢,邓冬梅,刘助柏.90年代汽轮机转子用钢的新进展.大型铸锻件,2001,91:43-44
[28]陈国浩.25Cr2NiMoV钢锻件的热处理.首钢科技,1995,16(5):52-55
[29]安江英,梁双印,时芝萍.延长汽轮机转子使用寿命的措施.河北电力技术,1998,17(1):1-3
[30]安江英,粱双印,张保衡.汽轮机转子材料的高温时效研究.钢铁研究学报,1997,9(3):27-31
[31]汽轮机金属材料实用手册编写组.汽轮机金属材料实用手册.齐齐哈尔:第一重型机械厂,1996.143-146
[32]Chen S,Huang H,Liu C,Pan Y.Corrosion.1992,48(7):594
[33]姜宏日,张吉平等.恒电位脉冲法检测高纯铁素体不锈钢的敏化.山东大学学报,1999,34(1):79
[34]柳昌义,吴全胜等.恒电位脉冲法检测奥氏体不锈钢敏化.中国腐蚀与防护学报,1994,14(4):291-294。
[35]张胜寒,丁兆勇等.恒电位脉冲法检测汽轮机转子钢的敏化[J].汽轮机技术,2007,49(4):312-313.
[36]陈德和.钢的缺陷.北京:机械工业出版社.336
[37]Viswanathan B,Bruemmer M S.In-Service Degradation of Toughness of steam turbines Rotors.transactions of the ASME:Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology.1985,12(10):316
[38]谈金祝,丁毅.步冷试验温度曲线剖析.南京化工大学学报,2001,23,(6):63-66
[39]谈金祝,黄文龙.修正步冷温度曲线试验研究.石油化工设备,2002,31(3):1-3
[40]谈金祝,韩雪峰.修正步冷温度曲线试验方法.南京化工大学学报,2002,24(2):30-33
[41]谈金祝,黄文龙.步冷试验法预测2.25Cr1Mo钢回火脆性.南京化工大学学报,1998,增刊:17-20
[42]徐卫东.在役加氢反应器壳体材质性能的模拟试验和评定.石油化工设备技术,2002,23(3):1-4
[43]杨文庆.钼酸盐缓蚀剂的进展[J].材料保护.1995,28(8):16-18
[44]张文钲.钼酸钠应用前景展望[J].中国铝业.2000.4
[45]田昭武.电化学研究方法,科学出版社,1984
[46]周伟舫.电化学测量,上海科学技术出版社,1985
[47]郑少华,姜奉华.试验设计与数据处理.北京:中国建设工业出版社,2004,67-109
[48]邵振和.试验数据分析.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1994,80
[49]施雨.应用数理统计.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005,174
[50]邰淑彩,何娟娟.应用数理统计.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2000.12
[2]毛雪平,刘宗德,2002,22(6):119-122
[3]毛雪平,刘宗德,杨昆,等.转子钢高温下的低周疲劳特性实验研究.中国电机工程学报,杨昆,等.30Cr1Mo1V转子钢蠕变-疲劳交互作用的实验研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(2):206-209
[4]毛雪平,刘宗德,杨昆,等.30Cr—1Mo1V蠕变损伤的实验研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,23(7):201-203
[5]安江英,张保衡.材料脆化对汽轮机转子残余寿命的影响.电力情报,1997(1):53-56
[6]安江英.材料脆化对汽轮机组启动预热和超速试验温度的影响.现代电力,1997,14(1):9-12
[7]Fujita,Akitsugu,Shinohara,et al.Effect of chemical composition and manufacturing procedure on toughness of CrMoV HP rotor forgings.Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,1998,84(3):236-241
[8]杜秉乾,杨寿敏,邓世敏.国产300MW汽轮机预防转子脆性损伤的研究[J].热力发电,1992(4)
[9]J.H.Bulloch,D.Crowe.Embrittlement observed in Cr-Mo turbine bolts after service.Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,1998,29(1):59-66
[10]Douglas H,Smith J.Life Optimization is Critical to Extending Power Plant Life.Power Engineering,1991,6(2):132-136
[11]S.M.Bruemmer.Evaluation of chemical and electrochemical etching techniques to determine phosphorus segregation in NiCrMoV rotor steels.Corrosion,1986,42(3):180-185
[12]R.Viswanathan,S.M.Bruemmer,R.H.Richmann.Etching technique for assessing toughness degradation of in-service components.Journal of engineering materials and technology,1988,110(10):313-318
[13]Kwon Ⅱ-Hyun,Baek Seung-Se,Yu Hyo-Sun.The use of electrochemical and mechanical property correlations to monitor the degradation of Cr-Mo-V turbine casing steel.International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2003,80(3):157-165
[14]马洪香,李进.用极化分析法评估Cr-Mo-V汽轮机转子材料的脆化程度.华北电力技术,1992(11):32-35
[15]X.Mao and W.Zhao.Electrochemical Polarization Method to Detect Aging Embrittlement of 321 Stainless Steel.Corrosion,1993,49(4):335-342
[16]Yoshikuni Kadoya,Toru Goto,Mao Takei.Nondestructive Evaluation of Temper Embrittlement in Cr-Mo-V Rotor Steels.JSME International Journal,1992,35(2):226-233
[17]Shin-ichi Komazaki,Shigeo Kishi,Tetsuo Shoji,et al.Thermal aging embrittlement of W alloyed 9%Cr ferritic steels and its evaluation by electrochemical technique.材料,2000,49(8):919-926
[18]Shibuy T.,Misawa T..Electrochemical Evaluation of the Degree of Temper Embrittlement with Modetransfer in Impact fracture Surface of 2.25 Cr-1 Mo Low Alloy Steels.材料と环境,1999,48(3):195-207
[19]J.Kameda,R.Ranjan.Nondestructive evaluation of steels using acoustic and magnetic Barkhausen signals—Ⅱ.Effect of intergranular impurity segregation.Acta Metall,1987,35(7):1527-153
[20]村田肇,川本和夫,等.日本汽轮机剩余寿命诊断和延长使用寿命的措施.热力发电译丛,1992(3):11-25
[21]#12
[22]庄子哲雄.材料劣化による研究,委托研究报告书,青叶工业会编,1994年4月
[23]黄蓉,赵勇.论大型汽轮机转子的长期时效脆性评定与控制.汽轮机技术,1998,40(1):50-53
[24]刘显惠,林锦棠.国内外汽轮机大型转子锻件材料的技术进展.国外金属热处理,1999,20(3):5-7
[25]钟惠仙.汽轮机低压转子用钢的发展.大型铸锻件,1996,74:45-50
[26]宋传宝,金嘉瑜,张皓.提高30CrMoNiV钢大锻件冲击韧性的研究.大型铸锻件,2001,92:12-14
[27]王雷钢,邓冬梅,刘助柏.90年代汽轮机转子用钢的新进展.大型铸锻件,2001,91:43-44
[28]陈国浩.25Cr2NiMoV钢锻件的热处理.首钢科技,1995,16(5):52-55
[29]安江英,梁双印,时芝萍.延长汽轮机转子使用寿命的措施.河北电力技术,1998,17(1):1-3
[30]安江英,粱双印,张保衡.汽轮机转子材料的高温时效研究.钢铁研究学报,1997,9(3):27-31
[31]汽轮机金属材料实用手册编写组.汽轮机金属材料实用手册.齐齐哈尔:第一重型机械厂,1996.143-146
[32]Chen S,Huang H,Liu C,Pan Y.Corrosion.1992,48(7):594
[33]姜宏日,张吉平等.恒电位脉冲法检测高纯铁素体不锈钢的敏化.山东大学学报,1999,34(1):79
[34]柳昌义,吴全胜等.恒电位脉冲法检测奥氏体不锈钢敏化.中国腐蚀与防护学报,1994,14(4):291-294。
[35]张胜寒,丁兆勇等.恒电位脉冲法检测汽轮机转子钢的敏化[J].汽轮机技术,2007,49(4):312-313.
[36]陈德和.钢的缺陷.北京:机械工业出版社.336
[37]Viswanathan B,Bruemmer M S.In-Service Degradation of Toughness of steam turbines Rotors.transactions of the ASME:Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology.1985,12(10):316
[38]谈金祝,丁毅.步冷试验温度曲线剖析.南京化工大学学报,2001,23,(6):63-66
[39]谈金祝,黄文龙.修正步冷温度曲线试验研究.石油化工设备,2002,31(3):1-3
[40]谈金祝,韩雪峰.修正步冷温度曲线试验方法.南京化工大学学报,2002,24(2):30-33
[41]谈金祝,黄文龙.步冷试验法预测2.25Cr1Mo钢回火脆性.南京化工大学学报,1998,增刊:17-20
[42]徐卫东.在役加氢反应器壳体材质性能的模拟试验和评定.石油化工设备技术,2002,23(3):1-4
[43]杨文庆.钼酸盐缓蚀剂的进展[J].材料保护.1995,28(8):16-18
[44]张文钲.钼酸钠应用前景展望[J].中国铝业.2000.4
[45]田昭武.电化学研究方法,科学出版社,1984
[46]周伟舫.电化学测量,上海科学技术出版社,1985
[47]郑少华,姜奉华.试验设计与数据处理.北京:中国建设工业出版社,2004,67-109
[48]邵振和.试验数据分析.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1994,80
[49]施雨.应用数理统计.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005,174
[50]邰淑彩,何娟娟.应用数理统计.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2000.12