中国内陆中心城市物流业竞争力比较研究
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摘要
发展城市物流业有利于改善产业结构,优化区域生产力布局,从而提高国民经济综合素质和企业经济效益、增强区域经济核心竞争力。在我国,物流业是一种起步比较晚、发展还不成熟的产业,内陆城市的物流业更是如此。加入WTO以后,我国在物流业领域的诸多限制逐渐放开,“欲独霸世界,先逐鹿中国”,随着大型跨国物流企业的纷纷进入,国际化竞争的战火已燃至国内市场,物流业的竞争已变得日趋激烈。仍处于发展初期的我国内陆城市物流业正面临来自国内和国际的双重压力和挑战,保障生存和发展的因素只有一个,即不断培育和加快提升内陆城市物流业的竞争能力。
因此,影响内陆城市物流竞争力的关键因素有哪些,如何培育和提升内陆城市物流竞争力,这是内陆城市物流业发展嗜待解决的问题。本论文在对城市物流概况和物流发展理论分析和评述的基础上,基于前人关于物流竞争力研究的成果,结合我国内陆城市自身的特点,从区域经济学和经济地理学等学科的相关理论出发,利用R2V、ArcMap、SPSS 15.0 for windows等软件,采取资料收集与文献综合分析法、因子分析法、德尔菲法等定性与定量相结合的研究方法,对我国内陆中心城市物流竞争力进行了研究。
实证研究部分,在已经构建的内陆城市物流竞争力评价指标体系的基础上,从区位、交通、人才、政策、产业发展规划、产业发展环境、物流企业服务水平等八个方面,结合《西安统计年鉴》(2001-2007)、《郑州统计年鉴》(2001-2007)以及《陕西统计年鉴》(2001-2007)、《河南统计年鉴》(2001-2007)中的相关数据和专家打分的结果,对西安和郑州7年间的物流竞争力进行了客观的分析、比较和评价,并尝试性地对两地今后物流业的发展趋势进行模拟。最后对培育我国内陆中心城市物流竞争力的对策进行了探讨。
主要研究结论:内陆中心城市西安和郑州的物流竞争力水平起步比较低,但随着社会经济的发展以及设施、政策等的不断完善,物流竞争力水平在逐年改善和提高。相比较而言,2004年以前西安物流竞争能力高于郑州,但增长不及郑州迅速;2004年以后,郑州具有明显的竞争优势,对周边地区的集聚和辐射效应不断增强。总体来看,内陆城市物流业发展水平还比较低,受长期计划经济的影响,行业间的条块分割比较严重,物流各环节的系统性差、信息化水平不高、物流人才匮乏。当地政府和企业应结合内陆城市的实际情况,通过物流竞争力评价对物流业发展进行合理定位,确定物流业发展的比较优势,通过资源整合、科技创新、人才的培养和引进,改善内陆城市物流业的发展环境,为内陆城市物流竞争力水平的稳步提高创造条件。
论文创新如下:
(1)创新性地提出了内陆城市物流竞争力的内涵,阐明了内陆城市物流竞争力评价指标体系构建的目的、原则和内容。在此基础上,构建了内陆城市物流竞争力定量化研究的指标体系。
(2)论文突破了以往对沿海发达地区进行研究的惯例,以我国内陆中心城市为研究对象,选取中部地区和西北地区的中心城市郑州和西安为研究样本,进行物流竞争力的研究和评价。为我国内陆中心城市物流业发展进行科学定位,提供理论指导和新的思路。
The development of city logistics is beneficial to improve industrial structure, optimize the regional distribution of productivity, thereby, improving comprehensive quality of national economy and the enterprise economic benefit, strengthening the core competitiveness of regional economy. In China, The logistics is a kind of estate which starts late and is immature, so does the inland cities' logistics. Our country gradually reduces the restrictions on logistics after joining WTO. "To dominate the world, fight for supremacy in China first". With the entering of many large-scale transnational logistic enterprises, the flame of war that international competition has already burnt to domestic market, logistic competition becomes intensified day by day. The logistics of Chinese inland cities is confronted with the double pressure and challenge that from domestic and the international, the only factor ensuring the existing and developing is to cultivate and raise the logistic competition of inland cities.
So, what are the key factors that affect logistic competition of inland cities, what can we do to cultivate and raise the logistic competition of inland cities, we must solve these problems as soon as possible. Based on logistic developing theoretical and the logistics general situation analysis, and combined with the achievements that the previous studies about logistic competition and characteristics of inland cities, adopted methods such as date collection and comprehensive analysis of literatures, factor analysis, Delphi method and software as R2V, ArcMap, SPSS 15.0 for windows, This paper has studied the logistic competition of inland cities.
Empirical study: Basing on the evaluation index system of logistic competition in inland cities which has constructed, From aspects such as location, traffic, talents, policy, logistics development planning etc, the paper takes an objective analysis, comparison and valuation on logistic competition of Xi'an and Zhengzhou during the 7 years, and attempts to simulate the two cities' logistic developing trend. Finally, it discusses the measures on cultivating logistic competition of inland central cities. And the research is combined with the relative date from Xi'an Statistical Yearbook (2001-2007), Zhengzhou Statistical Yearbook (2001-2007), Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook (2001-2007), Henan Statistical Yearbook (2001-2007) and expert estimation method.
Primary conclusions: The level of logistic competition starts quite low in Xi'an and Zhengzhou. But with the development of economy as well as the constant perfection of facility and policy, the level of logistic competition is improving year by year. Compared Xi'an with Zhengzhou, logistic competition of the former is higher than the later before 2004 but the growth rate is lower; After 2004, there are obvious competitive advantages in later and its concentration and radiation effects to the surrounding region have been strengthen unceasingly. At the same time, logistics development of inland cities also has problems: serious piece partition of inter-industry, poor systematicness between logistic links, lower information level, and talent shortage. According to actual condition of inland cities, the local government and enterprises should establish a rational orientation through evaluating logistics competition; improve the logistics development environment by resource integration, science and technology innovation, talents cultivation and introduction. In order to create conditions for raising the level of inland cities' logistic competition.
The innovations of the paper are illustrated as follows:
(1)The paper puts forward the connotation of logistic competition of inland cities, clarifies the purpose, principle and content of constructing evaluation index system of inland cities' logistic competition. On this basis, it constructs the evaluation index system of logistic competition in inland cities.
(2)The paper has broken the convention study to developed coastal areas, taking Xi'an and Zhengzhou as an example to research and evaluate the inland cities' logistic competition. and it provides theoretic guidance and new thought for the development of inland cities' logistics.
因此,影响内陆城市物流竞争力的关键因素有哪些,如何培育和提升内陆城市物流竞争力,这是内陆城市物流业发展嗜待解决的问题。本论文在对城市物流概况和物流发展理论分析和评述的基础上,基于前人关于物流竞争力研究的成果,结合我国内陆城市自身的特点,从区域经济学和经济地理学等学科的相关理论出发,利用R2V、ArcMap、SPSS 15.0 for windows等软件,采取资料收集与文献综合分析法、因子分析法、德尔菲法等定性与定量相结合的研究方法,对我国内陆中心城市物流竞争力进行了研究。
实证研究部分,在已经构建的内陆城市物流竞争力评价指标体系的基础上,从区位、交通、人才、政策、产业发展规划、产业发展环境、物流企业服务水平等八个方面,结合《西安统计年鉴》(2001-2007)、《郑州统计年鉴》(2001-2007)以及《陕西统计年鉴》(2001-2007)、《河南统计年鉴》(2001-2007)中的相关数据和专家打分的结果,对西安和郑州7年间的物流竞争力进行了客观的分析、比较和评价,并尝试性地对两地今后物流业的发展趋势进行模拟。最后对培育我国内陆中心城市物流竞争力的对策进行了探讨。
主要研究结论:内陆中心城市西安和郑州的物流竞争力水平起步比较低,但随着社会经济的发展以及设施、政策等的不断完善,物流竞争力水平在逐年改善和提高。相比较而言,2004年以前西安物流竞争能力高于郑州,但增长不及郑州迅速;2004年以后,郑州具有明显的竞争优势,对周边地区的集聚和辐射效应不断增强。总体来看,内陆城市物流业发展水平还比较低,受长期计划经济的影响,行业间的条块分割比较严重,物流各环节的系统性差、信息化水平不高、物流人才匮乏。当地政府和企业应结合内陆城市的实际情况,通过物流竞争力评价对物流业发展进行合理定位,确定物流业发展的比较优势,通过资源整合、科技创新、人才的培养和引进,改善内陆城市物流业的发展环境,为内陆城市物流竞争力水平的稳步提高创造条件。
论文创新如下:
(1)创新性地提出了内陆城市物流竞争力的内涵,阐明了内陆城市物流竞争力评价指标体系构建的目的、原则和内容。在此基础上,构建了内陆城市物流竞争力定量化研究的指标体系。
(2)论文突破了以往对沿海发达地区进行研究的惯例,以我国内陆中心城市为研究对象,选取中部地区和西北地区的中心城市郑州和西安为研究样本,进行物流竞争力的研究和评价。为我国内陆中心城市物流业发展进行科学定位,提供理论指导和新的思路。
The development of city logistics is beneficial to improve industrial structure, optimize the regional distribution of productivity, thereby, improving comprehensive quality of national economy and the enterprise economic benefit, strengthening the core competitiveness of regional economy. In China, The logistics is a kind of estate which starts late and is immature, so does the inland cities' logistics. Our country gradually reduces the restrictions on logistics after joining WTO. "To dominate the world, fight for supremacy in China first". With the entering of many large-scale transnational logistic enterprises, the flame of war that international competition has already burnt to domestic market, logistic competition becomes intensified day by day. The logistics of Chinese inland cities is confronted with the double pressure and challenge that from domestic and the international, the only factor ensuring the existing and developing is to cultivate and raise the logistic competition of inland cities.
So, what are the key factors that affect logistic competition of inland cities, what can we do to cultivate and raise the logistic competition of inland cities, we must solve these problems as soon as possible. Based on logistic developing theoretical and the logistics general situation analysis, and combined with the achievements that the previous studies about logistic competition and characteristics of inland cities, adopted methods such as date collection and comprehensive analysis of literatures, factor analysis, Delphi method and software as R2V, ArcMap, SPSS 15.0 for windows, This paper has studied the logistic competition of inland cities.
Empirical study: Basing on the evaluation index system of logistic competition in inland cities which has constructed, From aspects such as location, traffic, talents, policy, logistics development planning etc, the paper takes an objective analysis, comparison and valuation on logistic competition of Xi'an and Zhengzhou during the 7 years, and attempts to simulate the two cities' logistic developing trend. Finally, it discusses the measures on cultivating logistic competition of inland central cities. And the research is combined with the relative date from Xi'an Statistical Yearbook (2001-2007), Zhengzhou Statistical Yearbook (2001-2007), Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook (2001-2007), Henan Statistical Yearbook (2001-2007) and expert estimation method.
Primary conclusions: The level of logistic competition starts quite low in Xi'an and Zhengzhou. But with the development of economy as well as the constant perfection of facility and policy, the level of logistic competition is improving year by year. Compared Xi'an with Zhengzhou, logistic competition of the former is higher than the later before 2004 but the growth rate is lower; After 2004, there are obvious competitive advantages in later and its concentration and radiation effects to the surrounding region have been strengthen unceasingly. At the same time, logistics development of inland cities also has problems: serious piece partition of inter-industry, poor systematicness between logistic links, lower information level, and talent shortage. According to actual condition of inland cities, the local government and enterprises should establish a rational orientation through evaluating logistics competition; improve the logistics development environment by resource integration, science and technology innovation, talents cultivation and introduction. In order to create conditions for raising the level of inland cities' logistic competition.
The innovations of the paper are illustrated as follows:
(1)The paper puts forward the connotation of logistic competition of inland cities, clarifies the purpose, principle and content of constructing evaluation index system of inland cities' logistic competition. On this basis, it constructs the evaluation index system of logistic competition in inland cities.
(2)The paper has broken the convention study to developed coastal areas, taking Xi'an and Zhengzhou as an example to research and evaluate the inland cities' logistic competition. and it provides theoretic guidance and new thought for the development of inland cities' logistics.
引文
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[2]兰宜生.电子商务物流管理[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2001.
[3]郭卫民.清路货运站发展现代物流中心项目研究[D].西安:西北大学,2006.
[4]周宁.郑州市邮政物流企业市场营销研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2004.
[5]孙承芳.物流园区信息平台规划研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.
[6]陈才著,区域经济地理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[7]武友德著.区域经济发展导论[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,1999.
[8]Bowerson DJ and DJ Ctoss.Logistics management—the integrated supply chain Process.Mcgraw Hill.1996.
[9]SEITZ,M.Understanding Closed—loops Supply Chain Management,A Theoretical Discussion[Z].Cardiff BRASS,Cardiff University,United Kingdom,2005.
[10]Bernardo Prida,Gil Gutierrez.Supply Management:From Purchasing to External Factory Management[J].Production and Inventory Management Journal,1996,Fourth Quarter:38-43.
[11]C.K.Prahalad and G.Hamel.The Core Competence of the Corporation.Harvard Business Review,1990,Vol.68,P79-91.
[12]Christine Oliver.Sustainable Competitive Advantage:Comblining institutional and Resource-based View[J].Strategic Management Journal,18(9),1997:697-713.
[13]John Fahy.A Resource-based Analysis of Sustainable Competitive Advantage in a Global Environment[J].International Business Review,11,2002:57-78.
[14]赵刚著.现代物流基础[M].成都:四川人民出版社,2002-09.
[15]孙建丰.我国物流产业发展及研究综述[J].物流科技.2007(6):82-85.
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