微波技术在活性炭烟气脱硫中的应用研究
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摘要
本文对活性炭在微波场中的升温行为、活性炭的微波改性及其脱硫以及载硫活性炭的微波解吸进行了比较系统的研究。
试验结果显示，活性炭在微波场中的升温速率很快，在试验条件下，180秒后基本达到温度最大值。活性炭在微波场中的升温过程可分为三个阶段：线性升温期、对数升温期和稳定期。影响活性炭升温过程各因素的重要性依次是：微波功率＞＞加热时间＞载气量＞＞活性炭质量。活性炭的升温速率和温度最大值随微波输入功率增大而增大；随载气量的增大而减小；受活性炭质量的影响极小。
微波改性活性炭的脱硫性能远好于原炭，试验中改性活性炭相对于原炭的吸附容量增加率高达144.3％～288.0％。改性后活性炭表面的孔隙结构没有发生明显的变化；而表面碱性基团数量和N元素含量明显增加。微波改性后活性炭脱硫能力提高的主要原因是炭表面碱性基团数量和N元素含量的增加。
微波解吸过程中SO_2的脱附速率和回收速率都很快，试验中反应570秒就基本解吸完全。微波解吸出口SO_2的体积浓度和质量回收率都很高，试验中最高分别达到25％和99.7％。增加微波功率既有利于获取高浓度的SO_2气体，又有利于提高SO_2的回收率；减小载气量有利于获取高浓度SO_2气体，但不利于SO_2的回收；活性炭质量对SO_2体积浓度和回收率的影响很小。各因素对SO_2回收率的影响程度依次是：解吸时间＞载气量＞微波功率＞活性炭质量。载硫活性炭的微波解吸反应遵从一级动力学模式，脱附速率常数k随微波功率增加呈对数增加，随载气量增加呈指数增加。
The behavior of activated carbon's temperature increasing in the field of microwave, the modification of activated carbon(AC) by microwave heating and its adsorption capability of SO2, the desorption of SO2 from AC by microwave are investigated in a bench scale.
Experimental results show that AC can strongly absorb and fully use microwave energy and its temperature will increase rapidly and reach the maximum after 180 seconds. The temperature rising process of the AC in microwave's field can be divided into three steps: linearity rise step, logarithm rise step and stability step. The order of degree that the investigated factors affects the AC's temperature changing is: input power of microwave>>heating time>carrier gas volume flux>>activated carbon weight. Moreover, the higher the microwave power is, the quicker the AC's temperature increase and the higher the temperature's maximum is. On the other hand, smaller N2 volume flux is benefit to AC's temperature-rising. Comparatively, activated carbon weight is not so much important as far as AC's temperature changing process is concerned.
The desulfurization capability of modified activated carbon by microwave is higher than that of original one ranging from 144.3% to 288.0%. The change of porous texture of Modified AC by microwave is not so much obvious compared with original one, while the quantity of surface basic functional groups and Nitrogen elements of modified AC is much more than original one.
The process of desorption and reclamation of SO2 from activated carbon is so rapid that the AC' regeneration could be nearly completed within 570 seconds. The maximal volume content of SO2 in carrier gas (N2) and the maximal mass reclamation ratio of sulfur dioxide is about 25% and 99.7% respectively. Increasing input microwave power benefits obtaining higher volume content of SO2 and more mass ratio of reclaimed SO2, and decreasing N2 volume flux benefits attaining higher volume content of SO2 but is not good as to the reclamation of SO2 Comparatively, the influence of AC's weight on the desorption and reclamation of SO2 is very little. The order of degree that those factors affects the reclamation ratio of SO2 is: reaction time > carrier gas volume flux > power of microwave >activated carbon weight.
The desorption process of sulfur dioxide from activated carbon by microwave promotion accords with the first order kinetics model, and the rate constant raises logarithmically with the increase of microwave power and exponentially with the carrier gas volume.
试验结果显示，活性炭在微波场中的升温速率很快，在试验条件下，180秒后基本达到温度最大值。活性炭在微波场中的升温过程可分为三个阶段：线性升温期、对数升温期和稳定期。影响活性炭升温过程各因素的重要性依次是：微波功率＞＞加热时间＞载气量＞＞活性炭质量。活性炭的升温速率和温度最大值随微波输入功率增大而增大；随载气量的增大而减小；受活性炭质量的影响极小。
微波改性活性炭的脱硫性能远好于原炭，试验中改性活性炭相对于原炭的吸附容量增加率高达144.3％～288.0％。改性后活性炭表面的孔隙结构没有发生明显的变化；而表面碱性基团数量和N元素含量明显增加。微波改性后活性炭脱硫能力提高的主要原因是炭表面碱性基团数量和N元素含量的增加。
微波解吸过程中SO_2的脱附速率和回收速率都很快，试验中反应570秒就基本解吸完全。微波解吸出口SO_2的体积浓度和质量回收率都很高，试验中最高分别达到25％和99.7％。增加微波功率既有利于获取高浓度的SO_2气体，又有利于提高SO_2的回收率；减小载气量有利于获取高浓度SO_2气体，但不利于SO_2的回收；活性炭质量对SO_2体积浓度和回收率的影响很小。各因素对SO_2回收率的影响程度依次是：解吸时间＞载气量＞微波功率＞活性炭质量。载硫活性炭的微波解吸反应遵从一级动力学模式，脱附速率常数k随微波功率增加呈对数增加，随载气量增加呈指数增加。
The behavior of activated carbon's temperature increasing in the field of microwave, the modification of activated carbon(AC) by microwave heating and its adsorption capability of SO2, the desorption of SO2 from AC by microwave are investigated in a bench scale.
Experimental results show that AC can strongly absorb and fully use microwave energy and its temperature will increase rapidly and reach the maximum after 180 seconds. The temperature rising process of the AC in microwave's field can be divided into three steps: linearity rise step, logarithm rise step and stability step. The order of degree that the investigated factors affects the AC's temperature changing is: input power of microwave>>heating time>carrier gas volume flux>>activated carbon weight. Moreover, the higher the microwave power is, the quicker the AC's temperature increase and the higher the temperature's maximum is. On the other hand, smaller N2 volume flux is benefit to AC's temperature-rising. Comparatively, activated carbon weight is not so much important as far as AC's temperature changing process is concerned.
The desulfurization capability of modified activated carbon by microwave is higher than that of original one ranging from 144.3% to 288.0%. The change of porous texture of Modified AC by microwave is not so much obvious compared with original one, while the quantity of surface basic functional groups and Nitrogen elements of modified AC is much more than original one.
The process of desorption and reclamation of SO2 from activated carbon is so rapid that the AC' regeneration could be nearly completed within 570 seconds. The maximal volume content of SO2 in carrier gas (N2) and the maximal mass reclamation ratio of sulfur dioxide is about 25% and 99.7% respectively. Increasing input microwave power benefits obtaining higher volume content of SO2 and more mass ratio of reclaimed SO2, and decreasing N2 volume flux benefits attaining higher volume content of SO2 but is not good as to the reclamation of SO2 Comparatively, the influence of AC's weight on the desorption and reclamation of SO2 is very little. The order of degree that those factors affects the reclamation ratio of SO2 is: reaction time > carrier gas volume flux > power of microwave >activated carbon weight.
The desorption process of sulfur dioxide from activated carbon by microwave promotion accords with the first order kinetics model, and the rate constant raises logarithmically with the increase of microwave power and exponentially with the carrier gas volume.
引文
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[2]http://www.zhb.gov. cn/649368268829622272/index.shtml
[3]李晶，刘清华，丁大伟．浅谈城市大气污染现状及其综合防治．云南环境科学．2000．19(1)：43-45
[4]孙金栋，朱养华．火电厂脱硫技术应用现状及发展．北京建筑工程学院学报．2002．18(1)：13-18
[5]刘德军，陈平．快速热解在高硫煤燃烧前脱硫中的应用可行性研究．煤炭转化．1999．22(3)：58-61
[6]Yang J.K, Chen S.E Chemical Desulfurization of Coal Using Microwave Irradiation. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Processing and Utilization of High-Sulfur.Coals. 1993.: 317
[7]Ryu Hee W, Chang Yong K, Kim Sang D. Microbial Coal Desulfurization in an Airlift Bioreactor by Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterium Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans.Fuel.Proeessing Technology.1993.36(1-3): 267-275
[8]江爱朋，陈亮，金余其等．煤泥流化床燃烧脱硫试验研究．锅炉技术．2001．32(8)：27-32
[9]王智微，张朝阳．高硫煤在循环流化床燃烧室内的脱硫研究．洁净煤技术．2002．8(3)：43-46
[10]Zhang Lian, Sato Atsushi, Ninomiya Yoshihiko, et al.In Situ Desulfurization during Combustion of High-Sulfur Coals Added with Sulfur Capture Sorbents. Fuel.2003.82(3): 255-266
[11]Naruse Ichiro, Kim Heejoon, Lu Guoqing, et al. Study on Characteristics of Self-Desulfurization and Self-Denitrification in Biobriquette Combustion.Symposium (International) on Combustion. 1998.2:2973-2979
[12]Wolff E.H.P., Montfoort A.G., van den Bleek C.M. Fluidized Bed Combustion of Coal: The Low Temperature Regenerative Desulfurization Process.Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series. 1991.123: 175-191
[13]颜岩，贾力，彭晓峰等．干法烟气脱硫反应的试验研究．环境工程．2002．20(3)：
38-41，24
[14]黄学敏，马广大．干法烟气脱硫用高效粒状脱硫剂的研究．西安建筑科技大学学报．2000．32(3)：245-247
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