基于相关原子库的电能质量扰动分析方法研究
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摘要
电能质量的优劣已经成为电力系统运行与管理水平高低的重要标志，控制和改善电能质量是保证电力系统自身可持续发展的必要条件。本文基于稀疏分解的思想，构造相关原子库，对扰动检测、扰动分类和参数评估及扰动源辨识等电能质量扰动相关问题进行了研究。论文的主要创新点如下：
(1)原子库中的原子可以针对待分析信号的特点来构造，以提高信号分解的效果并减小计算量。针对几种常见的电能质量扰动，本文提出并构造基波原子库、类基波原子库、振荡原子库、脉冲原子库和电压闪变原子库等相关原子库。仿真验证表明，采用构造的相关原子库只需一次匹配追踪算法，就能将相应的扰动准确提取出来，且能得到扰动的解析化表示。
(2)针对匹配追踪算法计算量大的问题，从参数离散方法、参数搜索方式、利用FFT频谱提取扰动频率、利用PSO寻优得到扰动参数等方面对匹配追踪算法进行了优化。针对采用基波原子库提取电能质量扰动信号中基波分量幅值不准的问题，建立了基于录波特性的基波幅值修正方法。针对匹配追踪算法迭代终止问题，建立了基于扰动特征、基于阈值和基于固定迭代次数的三种迭代终止条件。在此基础上，提出了基于相关原子库的电能质量扰动分类方法。该方法应用匹配追踪优化方法，对电能质量扰动信号根据不同的原子库依次提取相应扰动，并判断匹配追踪迭代是否终止，根据提取的扰动参数实现扰动分类。对本文提出的扰动分类方法进行了验证分析，证明了该方法的有效性。该方法不仅能正确分类，而且能得到扰动的解析表示，同时实现了扰动检测、扰动分类和参数估计。
(3)针对电压暂降扰动源辨识问题，提出了基于振荡原子库的辨识方法。通过分析不同类型扰动源引起的电压暂降的特征，构建了暂降幅值衰减度、暂降幅值、谐波含量和电压暂降含量等特征量。采用振荡原子库对电压暂降提取特征量，根据特征量的逻辑关系建立了辨识方法。通过大量仿真数据验证表明，本文提出的辨识方法简单、有效，对单一和复合扰动源引起的电压暂降的辨识正确率较高。
The strength and weakness of power quality are an important standard of powersystem operation and management. It is essential to control and improve the powerquality which keeps the continuous development of the power system. In this regard,based on the idea of sparse decomposition, coherent atom dictionaries are designedin this paper. And disturbance detection, disturbance classification, parameterestimation and disturbance sources identification are researched in power qualitydisturbances. In connection with those, the main innovations are concluded in thispaper as follows:
(1) In order to decrease the amount of calculation and improve the effect ofsignal decomposition, the atoms in atom dictionaries are designed based onanalyzing characteristics of power quality disturbance signals. For several commonpower quality disturbances, the coherent atom dictionaries which are fundamentalfrequency dictionary, similar fundamental frequency dictionary, oscillationdictionary, pulse dictionary and voltage flicker dictionary are proposed and designedin the paper. Simulation results show that the corresponding disturbances can beextracted accurately by using coherent atom dictionaries with matching pursuits (MP)algorithm, and the analytic representation of disturbances can be obtained.
(2) The biggest problem to be concerning in matching pursuits algorithm is theamount of calculation. So the optimization methods for matching pursuits algorithmare established. The methods we used for contains that discretize the atomparameters, searching parameter, extract frequency of disturbance by FFT spectrumand obtain the better parameters of disturbance by PSO. The method of fundamentalamplitude correction based on recorded wave characteristics is established to solvethe inaccuracy problem that the amplitude of fundamental frequency component.And three kinds of iteration termination condition which are based on the feature ofextracted disturbance component, disturbance energy, the number of iterations areused. Then, the classification method of power quality disturbances is proposedbased on coherent atom dictionaries. The power quality disturbances can beextracted by coherent atom dictionaries one by one. The iteration terminationconditions decide the power quality disturbances to be extracted or not. Power quality disturbances classify according to the parameters of the disturbance.Simulation results show that the proposed method can not only classify correctly,but also obtain the parameters of the disturbance. The method can achieve thefunction of disturbance detection, disturbance classification and parameterestimation.
(3) In order to identify disturbance sources of voltage sags, the identificationmethod based on oscillation dictionary is proposed. By analyzing characteristics ofvoltage sags which are caused by different types of disturbance sources, the featuresof voltage sags are constructed in terms of magnitude damping of voltage sags,magnitude of voltage sags, harmonic content, and voltage sags content. More overthe features of voltage sags are extracted by oscillation dictionary, and identificationmethod is established by the logical relationship of feature. Large number ofsimulation data show that the proposed method is simple, effective and with highidentification accuracy to single and composite voltage sags disturbance sources.
(1)原子库中的原子可以针对待分析信号的特点来构造，以提高信号分解的效果并减小计算量。针对几种常见的电能质量扰动，本文提出并构造基波原子库、类基波原子库、振荡原子库、脉冲原子库和电压闪变原子库等相关原子库。仿真验证表明，采用构造的相关原子库只需一次匹配追踪算法，就能将相应的扰动准确提取出来，且能得到扰动的解析化表示。
(2)针对匹配追踪算法计算量大的问题，从参数离散方法、参数搜索方式、利用FFT频谱提取扰动频率、利用PSO寻优得到扰动参数等方面对匹配追踪算法进行了优化。针对采用基波原子库提取电能质量扰动信号中基波分量幅值不准的问题，建立了基于录波特性的基波幅值修正方法。针对匹配追踪算法迭代终止问题，建立了基于扰动特征、基于阈值和基于固定迭代次数的三种迭代终止条件。在此基础上，提出了基于相关原子库的电能质量扰动分类方法。该方法应用匹配追踪优化方法，对电能质量扰动信号根据不同的原子库依次提取相应扰动，并判断匹配追踪迭代是否终止，根据提取的扰动参数实现扰动分类。对本文提出的扰动分类方法进行了验证分析，证明了该方法的有效性。该方法不仅能正确分类，而且能得到扰动的解析表示，同时实现了扰动检测、扰动分类和参数估计。
(3)针对电压暂降扰动源辨识问题，提出了基于振荡原子库的辨识方法。通过分析不同类型扰动源引起的电压暂降的特征，构建了暂降幅值衰减度、暂降幅值、谐波含量和电压暂降含量等特征量。采用振荡原子库对电压暂降提取特征量，根据特征量的逻辑关系建立了辨识方法。通过大量仿真数据验证表明，本文提出的辨识方法简单、有效，对单一和复合扰动源引起的电压暂降的辨识正确率较高。
The strength and weakness of power quality are an important standard of powersystem operation and management. It is essential to control and improve the powerquality which keeps the continuous development of the power system. In this regard,based on the idea of sparse decomposition, coherent atom dictionaries are designedin this paper. And disturbance detection, disturbance classification, parameterestimation and disturbance sources identification are researched in power qualitydisturbances. In connection with those, the main innovations are concluded in thispaper as follows:
(1) In order to decrease the amount of calculation and improve the effect ofsignal decomposition, the atoms in atom dictionaries are designed based onanalyzing characteristics of power quality disturbance signals. For several commonpower quality disturbances, the coherent atom dictionaries which are fundamentalfrequency dictionary, similar fundamental frequency dictionary, oscillationdictionary, pulse dictionary and voltage flicker dictionary are proposed and designedin the paper. Simulation results show that the corresponding disturbances can beextracted accurately by using coherent atom dictionaries with matching pursuits (MP)algorithm, and the analytic representation of disturbances can be obtained.
(2) The biggest problem to be concerning in matching pursuits algorithm is theamount of calculation. So the optimization methods for matching pursuits algorithmare established. The methods we used for contains that discretize the atomparameters, searching parameter, extract frequency of disturbance by FFT spectrumand obtain the better parameters of disturbance by PSO. The method of fundamentalamplitude correction based on recorded wave characteristics is established to solvethe inaccuracy problem that the amplitude of fundamental frequency component.And three kinds of iteration termination condition which are based on the feature ofextracted disturbance component, disturbance energy, the number of iterations areused. Then, the classification method of power quality disturbances is proposedbased on coherent atom dictionaries. The power quality disturbances can beextracted by coherent atom dictionaries one by one. The iteration terminationconditions decide the power quality disturbances to be extracted or not. Power quality disturbances classify according to the parameters of the disturbance.Simulation results show that the proposed method can not only classify correctly,but also obtain the parameters of the disturbance. The method can achieve thefunction of disturbance detection, disturbance classification and parameterestimation.
(3) In order to identify disturbance sources of voltage sags, the identificationmethod based on oscillation dictionary is proposed. By analyzing characteristics ofvoltage sags which are caused by different types of disturbance sources, the featuresof voltage sags are constructed in terms of magnitude damping of voltage sags,magnitude of voltage sags, harmonic content, and voltage sags content. More overthe features of voltage sags are extracted by oscillation dictionary, and identificationmethod is established by the logical relationship of feature. Large number ofsimulation data show that the proposed method is simple, effective and with highidentification accuracy to single and composite voltage sags disturbance sources.
引文
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