正交色散傅立叶域光学相干层析成像的方法和系统研究
摘要
本文的主要内容包括傅立叶域光学相干层析(FDOCT, Fourier domain optical coherence tomography)系统的理论和实验研究,特别是谱域光学相干层析(SDOCT, Spectral domain optical coherence tomography)系统中的超高分辨率光谱仪的研究工作。本文还结合应用研究,介绍了作者博士期间在傅立叶域光学相干层析系统的信号处理方面所取得的一些成果。本文的主要内容具体包括：
一、基于超高分辨率正交色散光谱仪的FDOCT理论研究和系统研制：
1、本文介绍的研究成果在国际上最早实现将基于光栅和虚像相控阵列(VIPA)的正交色散光谱仪应用于FDOCT系统,在50nm的大带宽范围内,实现了0.002nm的超高光谱分辨率以及约105的超高光谱采样率,从而实现了测量量程长达80mm的高信噪比、高分辨率SDOCT成像。这是目前为止所报道的量程最大、信噪比最高的SDOCT系统。
2、提出了针对正交色散光谱的,基于特定光学厚度样品干涉信号的光谱标定方法,从而解决了正交色散光谱分布规律随波长非线性变化对光谱信号采集的影响,初步解决了超宽带正交色散光谱的一维化采样和插值问题。
3、初步建立了基于正交色散光谱仪的FDOCT系统,并通过共路设计避免了环境扰动对干涉信号的影响,从而实现了皮米量级光学延迟量的精确测量,实现了对玻璃平板样品和透镜样品光学表面的OCT扫描成像。
二、基于FDOCT系统的应用研究：
1、发展了多普勒光学相干层析技术在生物样品测量中的应用,优化了多普勒图像的处理方法,建立了基于流体力学原理的血管轮廓自适应捕捉和分析算法,从而实现了小鼠脑血流在药物刺激和生物物理刺激下的实时动态监测。通过实验结果与仿真结果的对比,优化了循环肿瘤微流控芯片的设计。
2、发展了光学蒙特卡洛仿真对多普勒信号的计算模型,实现了具有多层散射介质和折射介质模型的光子散射的蒙特卡洛仿真计算,并就此提出了通过散射介质提高光学多普勒信号信噪比的方法,并在激光多普勒血流仪中得到应用。
3、通过光线追迹的方法分析了屈光介质中由于光线的折射和光程与实际距离的错配导致的OCT图像的重构误差。对OCT系统中轴向扫描光束在屈光介质内的各层界面上的折射路径进行了光学计算,求取了存在成像重构误差的OCT图像逆映射到样品真实结构的逆映射函数,并成功将这种方法应用于体外的玻璃毛细管和在体的人眼眼前节OCT图像的重构误差矫正。
4、在三维成像、立体成像、偏振成像、干涉光谱的波动性研究方面,介绍了作者开展的一些应用性的研究工作。
In the thesis, the main part is around the theoretical and application study in Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT), especially in its high resolution orthogonal dispersive spectrometer, with several application studies in analyzing the interference spectrum signal. The main works included in the thesis are:
1. Theoretical study in FDOCT system based on high resolution orthogonal dispersive spectrometer:
1.1. Two-dimensional dispersion generated by the combination of the VIPA and the grating in conjunction with a two-dimensional CCD leads to an improved performance of the spectrometer. Ultrahigh spectral resolution of0.002nm within a free spectrum range (FSR) of50nm is realized, providing the spectrometer with a spectral sampling rate up to～105. The developed FDOCT realizes an imaging depth over80mm, which is the longest depth range ever achieved by FDOCT. The increased spectral sampling rate also results in a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SDOCT system.
1.2. The spectrum calibration method based on a fixed optical thickness glass plate is raised. It can be used to solve the problem that large range spectrum has a non-linear distribution on the detector plane. Hence we can use this method to achieve one-dimensional spectrum signal from the two-dimensional orthogonal dispersed spectrum.
1.3. Built the common path FDOCT system based on the high resolution orthogonal dispersive spectrometer, in order to eliminate phase turbulence due to environment variation. A sensitivity of optical delay measurement of3.0pm is achieved using an optical plate.
2. Application study of FDOCT system:
2.1Developed the Doppler method in FDOCT system, especially in its velocity measuring model, to capture the vessel area in the Doppler OCT image. The method is used in monitoring of drug and stimulation induced cerebral blood flow velocity changes in rat sensory cortex, and improvement of the design of microchip in detection of the circulating tumour cells.
2.2Developed the Monte Carlo simulation method of photon transmission, with the improvement on adding the Doppler phase shift calculation and the multi-layer simulation. This method is used to improve the SNR of the Doppler signal and used in a portable Doppler laser flowmetry.
2.3Raise the geometrical optics algorithms for numerical correction of the unavoidable image distortions in the raw OCT image due to the refraction and the mismatch. The mapping of the raw OCT images to the actual structures is obtained and experimentally verified. The corrected images of the glass tube and the human eye are coincident to the actual structures.
2.4Improved application in three-dimensional OCT imaging, polarization sensitive OCT and spectral fluctuation analyzing of the OCT signal.
一、基于超高分辨率正交色散光谱仪的FDOCT理论研究和系统研制：
1、本文介绍的研究成果在国际上最早实现将基于光栅和虚像相控阵列(VIPA)的正交色散光谱仪应用于FDOCT系统,在50nm的大带宽范围内,实现了0.002nm的超高光谱分辨率以及约105的超高光谱采样率,从而实现了测量量程长达80mm的高信噪比、高分辨率SDOCT成像。这是目前为止所报道的量程最大、信噪比最高的SDOCT系统。
2、提出了针对正交色散光谱的,基于特定光学厚度样品干涉信号的光谱标定方法,从而解决了正交色散光谱分布规律随波长非线性变化对光谱信号采集的影响,初步解决了超宽带正交色散光谱的一维化采样和插值问题。
3、初步建立了基于正交色散光谱仪的FDOCT系统,并通过共路设计避免了环境扰动对干涉信号的影响,从而实现了皮米量级光学延迟量的精确测量,实现了对玻璃平板样品和透镜样品光学表面的OCT扫描成像。
二、基于FDOCT系统的应用研究：
1、发展了多普勒光学相干层析技术在生物样品测量中的应用,优化了多普勒图像的处理方法,建立了基于流体力学原理的血管轮廓自适应捕捉和分析算法,从而实现了小鼠脑血流在药物刺激和生物物理刺激下的实时动态监测。通过实验结果与仿真结果的对比,优化了循环肿瘤微流控芯片的设计。
2、发展了光学蒙特卡洛仿真对多普勒信号的计算模型,实现了具有多层散射介质和折射介质模型的光子散射的蒙特卡洛仿真计算,并就此提出了通过散射介质提高光学多普勒信号信噪比的方法,并在激光多普勒血流仪中得到应用。
3、通过光线追迹的方法分析了屈光介质中由于光线的折射和光程与实际距离的错配导致的OCT图像的重构误差。对OCT系统中轴向扫描光束在屈光介质内的各层界面上的折射路径进行了光学计算,求取了存在成像重构误差的OCT图像逆映射到样品真实结构的逆映射函数,并成功将这种方法应用于体外的玻璃毛细管和在体的人眼眼前节OCT图像的重构误差矫正。
4、在三维成像、立体成像、偏振成像、干涉光谱的波动性研究方面,介绍了作者开展的一些应用性的研究工作。
In the thesis, the main part is around the theoretical and application study in Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT), especially in its high resolution orthogonal dispersive spectrometer, with several application studies in analyzing the interference spectrum signal. The main works included in the thesis are:
1. Theoretical study in FDOCT system based on high resolution orthogonal dispersive spectrometer:
1.1. Two-dimensional dispersion generated by the combination of the VIPA and the grating in conjunction with a two-dimensional CCD leads to an improved performance of the spectrometer. Ultrahigh spectral resolution of0.002nm within a free spectrum range (FSR) of50nm is realized, providing the spectrometer with a spectral sampling rate up to～105. The developed FDOCT realizes an imaging depth over80mm, which is the longest depth range ever achieved by FDOCT. The increased spectral sampling rate also results in a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the SDOCT system.
1.2. The spectrum calibration method based on a fixed optical thickness glass plate is raised. It can be used to solve the problem that large range spectrum has a non-linear distribution on the detector plane. Hence we can use this method to achieve one-dimensional spectrum signal from the two-dimensional orthogonal dispersed spectrum.
1.3. Built the common path FDOCT system based on the high resolution orthogonal dispersive spectrometer, in order to eliminate phase turbulence due to environment variation. A sensitivity of optical delay measurement of3.0pm is achieved using an optical plate.
2. Application study of FDOCT system:
2.1Developed the Doppler method in FDOCT system, especially in its velocity measuring model, to capture the vessel area in the Doppler OCT image. The method is used in monitoring of drug and stimulation induced cerebral blood flow velocity changes in rat sensory cortex, and improvement of the design of microchip in detection of the circulating tumour cells.
2.2Developed the Monte Carlo simulation method of photon transmission, with the improvement on adding the Doppler phase shift calculation and the multi-layer simulation. This method is used to improve the SNR of the Doppler signal and used in a portable Doppler laser flowmetry.
2.3Raise the geometrical optics algorithms for numerical correction of the unavoidable image distortions in the raw OCT image due to the refraction and the mismatch. The mapping of the raw OCT images to the actual structures is obtained and experimentally verified. The corrected images of the glass tube and the human eye are coincident to the actual structures.
2.4Improved application in three-dimensional OCT imaging, polarization sensitive OCT and spectral fluctuation analyzing of the OCT signal.
引文
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