直喷式柴油机燃烧噪声的预测
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摘要
随着对车辆NVH要求的提高,汽车噪声已经成为汽车行业研究的热点课题。发动机作为汽车的主要振动噪声源,其振动噪声问题越来越引起人们的重视,直喷式柴油机的燃烧噪声一直是内燃机振动与噪声领域的一个重要研究方向。本文以4100QBZL直喷式柴油机为研究对象,对燃烧噪声的预测进行了深入的研究,为燃烧噪声的控制提供一定理论依据。本文主要研究内容如下：
1)利用GT-POWER软件建立了4100QBZL柴油机和柴油机燃用M15甲醇柴油工作过程的仿真模型,以此得到了发动机的缸压曲线和压力升高率曲线；
2)对柴油机机体进行适当简化,使用ANSYS软件建立了机体的有限元模型,在此基础上进行了机体自由模态和约束模态分析,初步了解了机体结构的动态特性,从振型图可以看出机体裙部的振动较大,而机体裙部的这种振动也是噪声辐射的主要振源,可以通过增加壁厚来提高机体刚度从而减小振动；
3)借助EXCITE-Designer软件计算了主轴承力,并将气缸压力和主轴承压力加载到机体模型上,利用ANSYS软件进行了机体的瞬态分析,研究了在一个工作循环过程中机体结构在气缸压力和主轴承压力作用下的振动情况,并与台架试验结果进行了对比,计算结果与试验结果基本一致；
4)在瞬态分析的基础上,运用APDL语言编写程序,将瞬态分析得到的机体表面节点随时间变化的振动位移数据转化成表面节点随频率变化的振动位移数据,作为初始边界条件导入声学分析软件SYSNOISE中,利用边界元的方法对机体燃烧噪声进行了预测研究。
通过对不同工况和参数的模拟分析发现,随着转速增加燃烧噪声变大；而喷油提前角对燃烧噪声的影响并不是线性的,喷油过早或过迟都会造成较大的燃烧噪声；M15混合燃料十六烷值低,着火性能差,滞燃期较长,压力升高率高,造成燃烧噪声也较大。结果符合燃烧噪声的变化规律。
With the vehicle NVH requirements improving, vehicle noise has become a hot topic of the automotive industry. Because the engine is the noise and vibration sources of vehicle, vibration and noise problems of engine have been paid more and more attention. Direct injection diesel engine combustion noise has been an important research aspect of the internal combustion engine vibration and noise field. The4100QBZL direct injection diesel engine is selected as the research object to predict the combustion noise in this paper, which can be a theoretical reference for combustion noise control. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
1) The work process simulation models of4100QBZL diesel engine and diesel engine fueled with M15methanol/diesel fuel are established by GT-POWER software to get the cylinder pressure curves and pressure rise rate curves.
2) Then simplify the model appropriately and built the finite element model of engine block using ANSYS software. The engine block free mode and constrained mode analysis are done to understand the engine block structural dynamic characteristics generally. It can be seen from the vibration shape diagram that the vibration of the engine body skirt is big, which is the main vibration resource of radiation noise. In order to reduce the vibration, the wall thickness is increased to improve the rigidity of the body.
3) The main bearing force is calculated by using EXCITE-Designer software. The cylinder pressure and the main bearing force are loaded on the engine body model for the engine transient analysis using ANSYS software. The vibration condition of the engine under the cylinder pressure and the main bearing force in one working cycle is studied and compared with the experimental results. The calculated results are in agreement with the experiment.
4) Based on the transient analysis, using APDL language to compile program, the vibration displacement data of engines block surface nodes with time are changed to that with frequency, which is as the initial and boundary conditions in SYSNOISE software, the engine block combustion noise is predicted using the boundary element method.
Through the different operating conditions and parameters analysis, it is found that the combustion noise is bigger as the engine speed increases and the relationship between injection time and combustion noise is not liner, too early or too late injection will contribute to big combustion noise. Low cetane number of M15fuel mixture contributes to low ignition characteristics, long ignition delay period and high pressure rise rate then finally brings about big combustion noise. The results accord with combustion noise changing rules.
1)利用GT-POWER软件建立了4100QBZL柴油机和柴油机燃用M15甲醇柴油工作过程的仿真模型,以此得到了发动机的缸压曲线和压力升高率曲线；
2)对柴油机机体进行适当简化,使用ANSYS软件建立了机体的有限元模型,在此基础上进行了机体自由模态和约束模态分析,初步了解了机体结构的动态特性,从振型图可以看出机体裙部的振动较大,而机体裙部的这种振动也是噪声辐射的主要振源,可以通过增加壁厚来提高机体刚度从而减小振动；
3)借助EXCITE-Designer软件计算了主轴承力,并将气缸压力和主轴承压力加载到机体模型上,利用ANSYS软件进行了机体的瞬态分析,研究了在一个工作循环过程中机体结构在气缸压力和主轴承压力作用下的振动情况,并与台架试验结果进行了对比,计算结果与试验结果基本一致；
4)在瞬态分析的基础上,运用APDL语言编写程序,将瞬态分析得到的机体表面节点随时间变化的振动位移数据转化成表面节点随频率变化的振动位移数据,作为初始边界条件导入声学分析软件SYSNOISE中,利用边界元的方法对机体燃烧噪声进行了预测研究。
通过对不同工况和参数的模拟分析发现,随着转速增加燃烧噪声变大；而喷油提前角对燃烧噪声的影响并不是线性的,喷油过早或过迟都会造成较大的燃烧噪声；M15混合燃料十六烷值低,着火性能差,滞燃期较长,压力升高率高,造成燃烧噪声也较大。结果符合燃烧噪声的变化规律。
With the vehicle NVH requirements improving, vehicle noise has become a hot topic of the automotive industry. Because the engine is the noise and vibration sources of vehicle, vibration and noise problems of engine have been paid more and more attention. Direct injection diesel engine combustion noise has been an important research aspect of the internal combustion engine vibration and noise field. The4100QBZL direct injection diesel engine is selected as the research object to predict the combustion noise in this paper, which can be a theoretical reference for combustion noise control. The main contents of this paper are as follows:
1) The work process simulation models of4100QBZL diesel engine and diesel engine fueled with M15methanol/diesel fuel are established by GT-POWER software to get the cylinder pressure curves and pressure rise rate curves.
2) Then simplify the model appropriately and built the finite element model of engine block using ANSYS software. The engine block free mode and constrained mode analysis are done to understand the engine block structural dynamic characteristics generally. It can be seen from the vibration shape diagram that the vibration of the engine body skirt is big, which is the main vibration resource of radiation noise. In order to reduce the vibration, the wall thickness is increased to improve the rigidity of the body.
3) The main bearing force is calculated by using EXCITE-Designer software. The cylinder pressure and the main bearing force are loaded on the engine body model for the engine transient analysis using ANSYS software. The vibration condition of the engine under the cylinder pressure and the main bearing force in one working cycle is studied and compared with the experimental results. The calculated results are in agreement with the experiment.
4) Based on the transient analysis, using APDL language to compile program, the vibration displacement data of engines block surface nodes with time are changed to that with frequency, which is as the initial and boundary conditions in SYSNOISE software, the engine block combustion noise is predicted using the boundary element method.
Through the different operating conditions and parameters analysis, it is found that the combustion noise is bigger as the engine speed increases and the relationship between injection time and combustion noise is not liner, too early or too late injection will contribute to big combustion noise. Low cetane number of M15fuel mixture contributes to low ignition characteristics, long ignition delay period and high pressure rise rate then finally brings about big combustion noise. The results accord with combustion noise changing rules.
引文
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[6]Bowen Caroline E, Reader Graham T, Potter. The effect of exhaust gas recirculation on the combustion noise level of an indirect injection diesel engine[J]. Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference,1997:2088-2093.
[7]Kohketsu S, Mori K, Kato.降低柴油机排放、燃烧噪声和燃油耗的技术[J].国外内燃机,1995,27(6)：13-21.
[8]Q. Leclere, C. Pezerat, B. Laulagnet, etc. Application of multi-channel spectral analysis to identify the source of a noise amplitude modulation in a diesel engine operating at idle [J]. Applied Acoustics, 2005,66(7):779-798.
[9]朱小慧,戚文星.小型直喷式柴油机喷油系统参数对燃烧噪声与性能的影响[J].车用发动机,1999,(5)：36-40.
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[11]丁宁,袁银南,孙平.单缸柴油机双喷油器燃烧系统的研究[J].小型内燃机与摩托车,2002,31(2)：28-31.
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[20]A. F. Sybert, D. A. Hamilton. Prediction of Radiated Noise from Engine Components Using the BEM and the Rayleigh Integral [J]. SAE Paper 971954.
[21]Shung H. Sung, Donald. J. Nefske. Development of an Engine System Model for Predicting Structural Vibration and Radiated Noise of the Running Engine[J], SAE Paper 972039.
[22]Norbert W. Alt, Jakob Nehl, Stefan Heuer, etc. Prediction of Combustion Process Induced Vehicle Interior Noise[J]. SAE Paper 2003-01-1435.
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[2]杨庆佛.内燃机噪声控制[M].太原：山西人民出版社,1985.
[3]丁春雨.电喷柴油机燃烧噪声的分离与优化分析[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[4]吴炎庭,袁卫平.内燃机噪声振动与控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005.
[5]Rychter T. J, Teodorczyk A. Stone C.R. VR/LE Engine Concept Application to the Turbocharged Diesel Engine[J]. SAE Paper 911788.
[6]Bowen Caroline E, Reader Graham T, Potter. The effect of exhaust gas recirculation on the combustion noise level of an indirect injection diesel engine[J]. Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference,1997:2088-2093.
[7]Kohketsu S, Mori K, Kato.降低柴油机排放、燃烧噪声和燃油耗的技术[J].国外内燃机,1995,27(6)：13-21.
[8]Q. Leclere, C. Pezerat, B. Laulagnet, etc. Application of multi-channel spectral analysis to identify the source of a noise amplitude modulation in a diesel engine operating at idle [J]. Applied Acoustics, 2005,66(7):779-798.
[9]朱小慧,戚文星.小型直喷式柴油机喷油系统参数对燃烧噪声与性能的影响[J].车用发动机,1999,(5)：36-40.
[10]王平,宋希庚,薛冬新等.预喷射对柴油机燃烧噪声的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术,2008,14(6)：496-500.
[11]丁宁,袁银南,孙平.单缸柴油机双喷油器燃烧系统的研究[J].小型内燃机与摩托车,2002,31(2)：28-31.
[12]卫海桥,舒歌群.内燃机缸内压力与燃烧噪声[J].燃烧科学与技术,2004,10(1)：56-61.
[13]卫海桥,舒歌群,梁兴雨等.燃烧噪声一级影响模型的多元回归分析[J].内燃机工程,2006,27(4)：66-69.
[14]陈锦祥,张殿昌,蓝军等.声诊断内燃机燃烧过程的研究(一)——燃烧噪声识别的数学模型[J].内燃机学报,1992,10(8)：221-226.
[15]M. El. Badaoui, J. Daniere, F. Guillet, etc. Separation of combustion noise and piston-slap in diesel engine——Part Ⅰ:Separation of combustion noise and piston-slap in diesel engine by cyclic Wiener filtering[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,19(2005):1209-1217.
[16]C. Serviere, J-L. Lacoume, M. El Badaoui. Separation of combustion noise and piston-slap in diesel engine——Part Ⅱ:Separation of combustion noise and piston-slap using blind source separation methods[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,19(2005):1218-1229.
[17]L. Pruvost, Q Leclere, E. Parizet. Diesel engine combustion and mechanical noise separation using an improved spectrofilter[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,23(2009):2072-2087.
[18]Gequn Shin, Xingyu Liang. Identification of complex diesel engine noise sources based on coherent power spectrum analysis[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,21(2007):405-416.
[19]常振臣.基于神经网络的车内噪声自适应有源控制系统仿真与试验研究[D].吉林：吉林大学,2003.
[20]A. F. Sybert, D. A. Hamilton. Prediction of Radiated Noise from Engine Components Using the BEM and the Rayleigh Integral [J]. SAE Paper 971954.
[21]Shung H. Sung, Donald. J. Nefske. Development of an Engine System Model for Predicting Structural Vibration and Radiated Noise of the Running Engine[J], SAE Paper 972039.
[22]Norbert W. Alt, Jakob Nehl, Stefan Heuer, etc. Prediction of Combustion Process Induced Vehicle Interior Noise[J]. SAE Paper 2003-01-1435.
[23]WANG Ping, SONG Xi-geng, XUE Dong-xin, etc. Effect of Combustion Process on DI Diesel Engine Combustion Noise[J]. SAE Paper 2007-01-2076.
[24]A. A A. Saad, N. A. El-Sebai. Combustion Noise Prediction Inside Diesel Engine[J]. SAE Paper 1999-01-1774.
[25]卫海桥.直喷式柴油机瞬态工况燃烧噪声激励机理研究[D].天津：天津大学,2004.
[26]刘雪彬.柴油机燃烧噪声的预测[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[27]汤东.生物制气—柴油双燃料发动机的燃烧噪声及燃烧模拟[D].江苏：江苏大学,2007.
[28]孙少军.重型车用发动机振动与噪声控制的理论与应用研究[D].天津：天津大学,2008.
[29]白景潇.内燃机燃烧噪声传递路径识别及评价研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2009.
[30]孙联.基于GT-Power的二甲基醚(DME)发动机性能仿真研究[D].重庆：重庆交通大学,2010.
[31]GT-POWER User's Manual. Gamma Technologies,2003.
[32]刘永长.内燃机热力过程模拟[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2001.
[33]任鹏.D6114发动机燃用代用燃料的性能优化及仿真研究[D].上海：上海交通大学,2007.
[34]张伟.基于GT-POWER的船用柴油机氮氧化物排放特性研究[D].大连：大连海事大学,2007.
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