基于AES和混沌序列的医学图像加密算法的研究及系统实现
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摘要
本文是以Dicom标准定义的医学图像为研究对象,分析对这种类型图像的加密算法,提出了一种基于AES和混沌序列的医学图像加密算法,并且设计和实现了基于该算法的医学图像加密系统。主要的工作包括:
(1)通过对Rijndael算法的系统分析,总结了该算法的特性及其局限性:该算法易于实现,性能稳定,密钥灵活性强,安全性高,可以有效抵抗强力攻击、差分和线性密码分析,具有良好的安全性和高运行效率。但是,该算法目前主要用于一维数据流的加密,对图像的加密还存在局限性。
(2)利用Logistic映射对初始值和参数的改变具有极端的敏感性,在一定条件下能够产生混沌等特性,构造了一个伪随机数发生器。将Logistic映射生成的实数值混沌序列转换为二进制混沌序列,检验结果表明,该二进制混沌序列是理想的随机序列,可应用于数字图像加密。
(3)针对医学数字图像数据量大、冗余度高、像素间相关性强的特点,主要利用AES算法中密钥异或操作实现图像像素值的变换,S-盒变换来完成图像像素的替代,将伪随机数发生器生成的混沌序列来确定图像像素的行列置换的位数,提出了一种基于AES和混沌序列的图像置乱加密算法,较好解决了于对数字图像的加密,并且具有对密钥敏感、密钥空间大、加密后的图像像素扩散性好等特点,可有效地保证加密图像的安全。
(4)采用面向对象的分析和设计思想,使用visual studio 2005开发了基于AES算法和混沌序列的医学图像加密系统。
This paper focuses on medical image according with dicom standard, analyses the encryption algorithms to this kind of image, advances a medical image encryption algorithm based on AES and chaos sequence, and designs an medical image encryption system based on this algorithm. the main work including:
(1) Through the system analysis on the Rijndael algorithm, summarized the characteristic and limitation of this algorithm: this algorithm is easy to carry out, performs stable, can resist the strong attack, the difference and linear encryption analysis effectively, has high security and efficiency. But now it is mainly used in the one dimension data encryption, and still has limits in image encryption.
(2) Using the extreme sensitivity of Logistic mapping in initial values and parameters changing , the chaos characteristic on certain condition, constructed a pseudorandom data generator, changed the real number chaos sequence into a binary chaos sequence .the result proved that the binary chaos sequence is a perfect random sequence and can apply in digital image Encryption
(3) According to the characters of medical digital image : huge data, high redundancy and strong relativity between the pixels , advanced a medical image encryption algorithm based on AES and chaos sequence. It uses same methods of AES and the chaos sequence to achieve image element transform and replace. The algorithm is sensitivity to the key, and the key has big space, the encrypted image is been well diffused, therefore it can encrypt the digital image well and ensure the security of the encrypted image.
(4) Using the method of object oriented analysis and design, developed an medical image encryption system based on the algorithm.
(1)通过对Rijndael算法的系统分析,总结了该算法的特性及其局限性:该算法易于实现,性能稳定,密钥灵活性强,安全性高,可以有效抵抗强力攻击、差分和线性密码分析,具有良好的安全性和高运行效率。但是,该算法目前主要用于一维数据流的加密,对图像的加密还存在局限性。
(2)利用Logistic映射对初始值和参数的改变具有极端的敏感性,在一定条件下能够产生混沌等特性,构造了一个伪随机数发生器。将Logistic映射生成的实数值混沌序列转换为二进制混沌序列,检验结果表明,该二进制混沌序列是理想的随机序列,可应用于数字图像加密。
(3)针对医学数字图像数据量大、冗余度高、像素间相关性强的特点,主要利用AES算法中密钥异或操作实现图像像素值的变换,S-盒变换来完成图像像素的替代,将伪随机数发生器生成的混沌序列来确定图像像素的行列置换的位数,提出了一种基于AES和混沌序列的图像置乱加密算法,较好解决了于对数字图像的加密,并且具有对密钥敏感、密钥空间大、加密后的图像像素扩散性好等特点,可有效地保证加密图像的安全。
(4)采用面向对象的分析和设计思想,使用visual studio 2005开发了基于AES算法和混沌序列的医学图像加密系统。
This paper focuses on medical image according with dicom standard, analyses the encryption algorithms to this kind of image, advances a medical image encryption algorithm based on AES and chaos sequence, and designs an medical image encryption system based on this algorithm. the main work including:
(1) Through the system analysis on the Rijndael algorithm, summarized the characteristic and limitation of this algorithm: this algorithm is easy to carry out, performs stable, can resist the strong attack, the difference and linear encryption analysis effectively, has high security and efficiency. But now it is mainly used in the one dimension data encryption, and still has limits in image encryption.
(2) Using the extreme sensitivity of Logistic mapping in initial values and parameters changing , the chaos characteristic on certain condition, constructed a pseudorandom data generator, changed the real number chaos sequence into a binary chaos sequence .the result proved that the binary chaos sequence is a perfect random sequence and can apply in digital image Encryption
(3) According to the characters of medical digital image : huge data, high redundancy and strong relativity between the pixels , advanced a medical image encryption algorithm based on AES and chaos sequence. It uses same methods of AES and the chaos sequence to achieve image element transform and replace. The algorithm is sensitivity to the key, and the key has big space, the encrypted image is been well diffused, therefore it can encrypt the digital image well and ensure the security of the encrypted image.
(4) Using the method of object oriented analysis and design, developed an medical image encryption system based on the algorithm.
引文
[1]J.Daemen and Rijmen,The Proposal:Rijndael,AES Algorithm Submission, September3,1999,available at http://www.nist.gov/cryptotoolkit
[2]Brian Giadman. Implementations of AES (Rijndael) in C/C++ and Assembler [EB/OL]. http://fp.gladman.plus.com/cryptography_technology/rijndael/index.htm, 2000-10-15.
[3]Atri Rudra, Pradeep K Dubey,Charanjit S Jutla. Efficient Rijndael Encryption Implementation with Composite Field Arithmetic
[4]J.Daemen,Cipher and hash function design strategies based on linear and differential cryptanalysis,Doctoral Dissertation,March 1995,K.U.Leuver
[5]Daemen J, Knudsen L R, Rijmen V. The Block Cipher Square . In: Biham E, eds. Fast Software Encryption ′97, LNCS 1267[C], Springer-Verlag, 1997:68—87.
[6]Ferguson N, Kelsey J, Schneier B, et al. Improved Cryptanalysis of Rijndael. In: Schneier B, eds. Fast Software Encryption 2000, LNCS 1978[C], Springer-Verlag, 2001:213—231.
[7]Lucks Stefan. Attacking Seven Rounds of Rijndael under 192-bit and256-bit Keys [EB/OL]. http://csrc.nist.gov/encryption/aes/round2/conf3/aes3papers. html, 2001-10-20.
[8]Ruanaidh J , Pun T. Rotation, scale and translation invariant digital image watermarking [ C ]. Proceedings of IEEE, International Conference on Image Processing,1997
[9]丁玮.数字图像信息安全的算法研究.[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院计算技术研究所,2000
[10]BELKHOUCHE F,QIDWAI U,GOKCENI.et al.Binary image transformationusing two-dimensional chaotic maps[EB/OL].[2005-04-19]. http://doi.ieee.computersociety.org/10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333899
[11]Daemen J,Rijmen V. AES Proposal: Rijndael. AES Round 1 Technical Evaluation CD-1: Documentation National Institute of Standards and Technology. http://www.nist.gov/aes, Aug 1998.
[12] Jiancheng Zou,Rabab Ward,Dongxu Qi.A novel digital image scrambling method based on Fibonacci sequence.Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,Vancouver,2004,3:965-968
[13]Zhang Han, et al. A New Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Chaos System[C]. IEEE International Conference on Robotics,Intelligent Systerm and Signal Processing, 2003.778-782
[14]闫伟齐, 邹建成, 齐东旭. 一种基于DES的数字图像置乱新方法. 北方工业大学学报, 2002 Vol.14 No.1 P.1-7
[15]丁玮, 齐东旭.基于Arnold变换的数字图像置乱技术. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2001 Vol.13. N..4 P.338-341
[16]眭新光, 罗慧. 基于矩阵分解的数字图像分寸技术. 计算机工程与应用, 2004 Vol.40 No.32 P.96-98,127
[17]孙伟, 杨志华, 齐东旭. 图像的负数表示及其在图像秘密分子中的应用. 中国图像图形学报, 2004 Vol.9 No.11 P.1331-1335
[18]匡锦瑜,邓昆,黄荣怀. 利用时空混沌同步进行数字加密通信[J]. 物理学报, 2001, 50 (10) : 1856
[19]余乐军. 基于时空混沌二值序列的图像扩频水印[D]. 北京:北京师范大学信息科学学院, 2002
[20]李昌刚,韩正之. 一种基于离散混沌系统的密钥流设计算法[J]. 信息与控制, 2002,31(5):407
[21]张清华. Rijndael 算法的高效实现及其性能分析. 计算机应用, 2004 Vol.24 No.2 P.12-14
[22]邹又姣, 王尚平, 冉占军. Rijndael算法中密钥生成方案的研究. 计算机应用与研究, 2004 Vol.21 No.10 P.9-10,51
[23]陈婷,蒋国平,权安静. 数字图像加密技术的探讨. 信息安全与通信保密,2005.1
[24]韦宝典.AES 算法的密码分析与快速实现. 网络安全与信息保密技术,2004,4
[25]华漫.AES 算法分析及其硬件实现设计.硕士论文,2004,3
[26]师军,张福泰,王耀燕. 高级加密标准 Rijndael 算法中的 S 盒及其实现. 小型微型计算机系统,2003.7
[27].Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems CHES 2001 [C].Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag,2001:171-184
[28]Maniccam S S,Gbourbakis N.Lossless image compression and encryption using SCAN[J].Pattern Recognition,2001,34:1229-1245
[29]张小华,刘芳,焦李成.一种基于混沌序列的图像加密技术[J].中国图像图形学报,2003,8(4):374-378
[30]闫伟齐,邹建成,齐东旭.一种基于 DES 的数字图像置乱新方法[J].北方工业大学学报,2002,14(1):24-32
[31]文志强,李陶深,张增芳.一种新的基于混沌序列的图像加密技术.计算机工程,2005,31(10)
[32]Scharinger J.Secure Digital Watermark Gerertion Based on Chaotic Kolmogorov Flows[C].Security and Watermarking of Multimedia ContentII,Proceedings of SPIE,2000,3971:306-313
[33]William Stallings,密码编码学与网络安全——原理与实践(第四版).电子工业出版社,2006.7
[34]Joan Daemen,Vincent Rijmen 著,谷大武,徐胜波译. 高级加密标准(AES)算法—Rijndael 的设计. 北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[35]毛文波著,王继林译. 现代密码学理论与实践. 北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[36] 陈珂.基于 Rijndael 和混沌序列算法的图像加密系统的研究和设计.[硕士学位论文].苏州.苏州大学.2006
[2]Brian Giadman. Implementations of AES (Rijndael) in C/C++ and Assembler [EB/OL]. http://fp.gladman.plus.com/cryptography_technology/rijndael/index.htm, 2000-10-15.
[3]Atri Rudra, Pradeep K Dubey,Charanjit S Jutla. Efficient Rijndael Encryption Implementation with Composite Field Arithmetic
[4]J.Daemen,Cipher and hash function design strategies based on linear and differential cryptanalysis,Doctoral Dissertation,March 1995,K.U.Leuver
[5]Daemen J, Knudsen L R, Rijmen V. The Block Cipher Square . In: Biham E, eds. Fast Software Encryption ′97, LNCS 1267[C], Springer-Verlag, 1997:68—87.
[6]Ferguson N, Kelsey J, Schneier B, et al. Improved Cryptanalysis of Rijndael. In: Schneier B, eds. Fast Software Encryption 2000, LNCS 1978[C], Springer-Verlag, 2001:213—231.
[7]Lucks Stefan. Attacking Seven Rounds of Rijndael under 192-bit and256-bit Keys [EB/OL]. http://csrc.nist.gov/encryption/aes/round2/conf3/aes3papers. html, 2001-10-20.
[8]Ruanaidh J , Pun T. Rotation, scale and translation invariant digital image watermarking [ C ]. Proceedings of IEEE, International Conference on Image Processing,1997
[9]丁玮.数字图像信息安全的算法研究.[博士学位论文].北京:中国科学院计算技术研究所,2000
[10]BELKHOUCHE F,QIDWAI U,GOKCENI.et al.Binary image transformationusing two-dimensional chaotic maps[EB/OL].[2005-04-19]. http://doi.ieee.computersociety.org/10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333899
[11]Daemen J,Rijmen V. AES Proposal: Rijndael. AES Round 1 Technical Evaluation CD-1: Documentation National Institute of Standards and Technology. http://www.nist.gov/aes, Aug 1998.
[12] Jiancheng Zou,Rabab Ward,Dongxu Qi.A novel digital image scrambling method based on Fibonacci sequence.Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,Vancouver,2004,3:965-968
[13]Zhang Han, et al. A New Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Chaos System[C]. IEEE International Conference on Robotics,Intelligent Systerm and Signal Processing, 2003.778-782
[14]闫伟齐, 邹建成, 齐东旭. 一种基于DES的数字图像置乱新方法. 北方工业大学学报, 2002 Vol.14 No.1 P.1-7
[15]丁玮, 齐东旭.基于Arnold变换的数字图像置乱技术. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2001 Vol.13. N..4 P.338-341
[16]眭新光, 罗慧. 基于矩阵分解的数字图像分寸技术. 计算机工程与应用, 2004 Vol.40 No.32 P.96-98,127
[17]孙伟, 杨志华, 齐东旭. 图像的负数表示及其在图像秘密分子中的应用. 中国图像图形学报, 2004 Vol.9 No.11 P.1331-1335
[18]匡锦瑜,邓昆,黄荣怀. 利用时空混沌同步进行数字加密通信[J]. 物理学报, 2001, 50 (10) : 1856
[19]余乐军. 基于时空混沌二值序列的图像扩频水印[D]. 北京:北京师范大学信息科学学院, 2002
[20]李昌刚,韩正之. 一种基于离散混沌系统的密钥流设计算法[J]. 信息与控制, 2002,31(5):407
[21]张清华. Rijndael 算法的高效实现及其性能分析. 计算机应用, 2004 Vol.24 No.2 P.12-14
[22]邹又姣, 王尚平, 冉占军. Rijndael算法中密钥生成方案的研究. 计算机应用与研究, 2004 Vol.21 No.10 P.9-10,51
[23]陈婷,蒋国平,权安静. 数字图像加密技术的探讨. 信息安全与通信保密,2005.1
[24]韦宝典.AES 算法的密码分析与快速实现. 网络安全与信息保密技术,2004,4
[25]华漫.AES 算法分析及其硬件实现设计.硕士论文,2004,3
[26]师军,张福泰,王耀燕. 高级加密标准 Rijndael 算法中的 S 盒及其实现. 小型微型计算机系统,2003.7
[27].Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems CHES 2001 [C].Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag,2001:171-184
[28]Maniccam S S,Gbourbakis N.Lossless image compression and encryption using SCAN[J].Pattern Recognition,2001,34:1229-1245
[29]张小华,刘芳,焦李成.一种基于混沌序列的图像加密技术[J].中国图像图形学报,2003,8(4):374-378
[30]闫伟齐,邹建成,齐东旭.一种基于 DES 的数字图像置乱新方法[J].北方工业大学学报,2002,14(1):24-32
[31]文志强,李陶深,张增芳.一种新的基于混沌序列的图像加密技术.计算机工程,2005,31(10)
[32]Scharinger J.Secure Digital Watermark Gerertion Based on Chaotic Kolmogorov Flows[C].Security and Watermarking of Multimedia ContentII,Proceedings of SPIE,2000,3971:306-313
[33]William Stallings,密码编码学与网络安全——原理与实践(第四版).电子工业出版社,2006.7
[34]Joan Daemen,Vincent Rijmen 著,谷大武,徐胜波译. 高级加密标准(AES)算法—Rijndael 的设计. 北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[35]毛文波著,王继林译. 现代密码学理论与实践. 北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[36] 陈珂.基于 Rijndael 和混沌序列算法的图像加密系统的研究和设计.[硕士学位论文].苏州.苏州大学.2006