基于单片机的实验用台式冻干机控制检测研究
摘要
随着社会的发展,控制检测技术变得越来越重要,好的控制检测方法能够带给我们极大的方便,节省我们大量的时间,同时也能够完成一些人们用人工很难完成的问题。
现代社会随着医药食品卫生行业的发展,真空冷冻干燥设备已经成为这些行业或者科研单位的必须设备。相对于医疗食品企业使用的大中型冻干设备而言,小型试验用台式冻干机在市场中更为普遍,它具有体积小成本低,试验方便快捷,运行费用低等优点。但是相对于大型机而言,它的控制检测功能更为薄弱,主要是其不能够跟计算机直接连接,不方便对数据进行后期的分析和处理。
本文针对此不足之处,对其控制检测方法进行研究。
温度和真空度数据是真空冷冻干燥过程中至关重要的数据。不同的温度和压力状态组合下,对于产品冷冻干燥后的质量和其特性有着不可分离的原因,本课题的研究目的在于实现真空冷冻干燥过程中采用低成本的解决方案对温度压力及质量进行采集,从而方便其试验后对数据的分析,为以后提高冷冻干燥后的产品质量进行有效的研究。
针对冻干机控制系统现存问题以及冷冻干燥实验研究的需要,本文利用试验室设备,开发适用于小型冻干机的计算机控制系统。系统硬件部分主要由PC机和下位单片机构成,由软件部分采用Visual Basic语言在Windows环境下开发了可视化控制程序。要求系统实现了数据采集、存储自动化,能够选择数据采集周期,绘制冻干曲线,记录加热输出功率变化情况。
本文运用现有的理论技术,解决了实验室用冻干机功能无法满足实际使用要求的问题,为冻干工艺及理论的研究创造了实验条件,同时还为大型冻干机控制系统研制积累了经验。
With the development of society, control detection technology becoming more and more important, good control detection method can bring us great convenience and save us a lot of time, but also able to complete a lot of problem for people very difficult.
With the development of food industry and modern medicine community, vacuum freeze-drying equipment has become the industry or scientific research units, the equipment must be. Comparing with the medical use of the large and medium-sized food enterprises freeze-drying equipment, small-scale desktop freeze-drying equipment in the market more generally, it has a small low-cost, convenient and quick test, the advantages of low operational costs. In contrast to the huge freeze-drying equipment, for its part, the control of detection more weak, they can not connect to the computer directly, it is not convenient for the data analysis and processing.
In this paper, we do some research on the weak aspects of small-scale desktop freeze-drying equipment.
Temperature and atmospheric pressure are the critical data of vacuum freeze-drying process. Different combinations of temperature and pressure on the state, after the freeze-dried products and the quality of its properties have an different property, the purpose of this paper is getting important data in a vacuum freeze-drying process and after that it is easy for us to analysis data, in the future we can have a effective research on freeze-drying products.
Consider of the existing problems of freeze-drying control system, as well as the need of freeze-drying experiment, we develop a small control system for small freeze-drying equipment. One part of the System is PC, the other part is microcontroller, in PC we use Visual Basic language to code a small system in the Windows environment. System require the data collection, storage, automation, data acquisition can choose cycle of freeze-dried drawing, recording changes in the heating power output
In this paper, we use of the existing theory, to solve the problems that does not meet the requirements of practical use for freeze-drying process and created the theory of experimental conditions, and also get experiences for control system for large-scale development of freeze-drying equipment.
现代社会随着医药食品卫生行业的发展,真空冷冻干燥设备已经成为这些行业或者科研单位的必须设备。相对于医疗食品企业使用的大中型冻干设备而言,小型试验用台式冻干机在市场中更为普遍,它具有体积小成本低,试验方便快捷,运行费用低等优点。但是相对于大型机而言,它的控制检测功能更为薄弱,主要是其不能够跟计算机直接连接,不方便对数据进行后期的分析和处理。
本文针对此不足之处,对其控制检测方法进行研究。
温度和真空度数据是真空冷冻干燥过程中至关重要的数据。不同的温度和压力状态组合下,对于产品冷冻干燥后的质量和其特性有着不可分离的原因,本课题的研究目的在于实现真空冷冻干燥过程中采用低成本的解决方案对温度压力及质量进行采集,从而方便其试验后对数据的分析,为以后提高冷冻干燥后的产品质量进行有效的研究。
针对冻干机控制系统现存问题以及冷冻干燥实验研究的需要,本文利用试验室设备,开发适用于小型冻干机的计算机控制系统。系统硬件部分主要由PC机和下位单片机构成,由软件部分采用Visual Basic语言在Windows环境下开发了可视化控制程序。要求系统实现了数据采集、存储自动化,能够选择数据采集周期,绘制冻干曲线,记录加热输出功率变化情况。
本文运用现有的理论技术,解决了实验室用冻干机功能无法满足实际使用要求的问题,为冻干工艺及理论的研究创造了实验条件,同时还为大型冻干机控制系统研制积累了经验。
With the development of society, control detection technology becoming more and more important, good control detection method can bring us great convenience and save us a lot of time, but also able to complete a lot of problem for people very difficult.
With the development of food industry and modern medicine community, vacuum freeze-drying equipment has become the industry or scientific research units, the equipment must be. Comparing with the medical use of the large and medium-sized food enterprises freeze-drying equipment, small-scale desktop freeze-drying equipment in the market more generally, it has a small low-cost, convenient and quick test, the advantages of low operational costs. In contrast to the huge freeze-drying equipment, for its part, the control of detection more weak, they can not connect to the computer directly, it is not convenient for the data analysis and processing.
In this paper, we do some research on the weak aspects of small-scale desktop freeze-drying equipment.
Temperature and atmospheric pressure are the critical data of vacuum freeze-drying process. Different combinations of temperature and pressure on the state, after the freeze-dried products and the quality of its properties have an different property, the purpose of this paper is getting important data in a vacuum freeze-drying process and after that it is easy for us to analysis data, in the future we can have a effective research on freeze-drying products.
Consider of the existing problems of freeze-drying control system, as well as the need of freeze-drying experiment, we develop a small control system for small freeze-drying equipment. One part of the System is PC, the other part is microcontroller, in PC we use Visual Basic language to code a small system in the Windows environment. System require the data collection, storage, automation, data acquisition can choose cycle of freeze-dried drawing, recording changes in the heating power output
In this paper, we use of the existing theory, to solve the problems that does not meet the requirements of practical use for freeze-drying process and created the theory of experimental conditions, and also get experiences for control system for large-scale development of freeze-drying equipment.
引文
1.徐成海,张世伟,关奎之.真空干燥[M],北京：化学工业出版社,2004
2.潘永康.现代干燥技术[M],北京：化学工业出版社,1998
3.李蔚,陈民.小型实验用蔬菜真空冷冻干燥机的设计与计算[J],西安公路交通大学学报,1996(9)
4.刘运生,马闽生.真空低温冷冻干燥技术简介[J],河北供销与科技,1998(01)
5.赵鹤皋,何国庚.真空冷冻干燥的发展历史与未来的研究,第八届全国冷冻干燥学术交流会,2005,1-5
6.郑文利.真空冷冻干燥理论及实验研究[D],沈阳：东北大学,2000
7.刘军,徐成海.冷冻干燥法制备氧化铜纳米粉体的实验研究,第八届全国冷冻干燥学术交流会,2005,106-110
8.赵鹤皋,郑贤德等.食品冻干机与医药冻干机设计理念的差异,第七届全国冷冻干燥学术交流会,40-43
9.史伟勤.食品真空冷冻干燥国内外最新进展[J],通用机械,2004(12)：17-19
10. S.C.Tsinontides, P.Rajniak, D.Pham, W.A.Hunke, J.Placek, S.D.Reynolds. Freeze drying—principles and practice for successful scale-up to manufacturing[J]. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 280(2004)1-16
11. V. Rindler, P. Schwindke, I. Heschel and GRau. Technical description of a new low-temperature freeze-drying device[J].1998 Elsevier Science Ltd and IIR. Int. J. Refrig. Vol 21, No.7, pp.535-541,1998
12.许敦复,郑效东.冷冻干燥技术与冻干机[M],北京：化学工业出版社,2005
13.于克勤.计算机与PLC对冻干机的控制[J],测控技术,1999(2)：11-12
14.姜立秋等.小冻干试验机的计算机控制[J],基础自动化.1999(6)：44-45
15.王先路,朱武.食品真空冷冻干燥过程的测量与控制研究[J],真空,1994(6)：38-43
16.薛定宇.控制系统计算机辅助设计(第2版)[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2006,260-261
17.陈夕松,汪木兰.过程控制系统[M],北京：科学出版社,2005(7),1-16
18.杨宁,黄元峰,张志敏.三相电热家庭水暖恒温自动控制系统[J],武汉化工学院学报,2005(9)
19.刘如成,丁瑶君.电阻炉温度的自动控制[J],南京师范大学报,2005(12)：26-28
20.潘新民,王燕芳.微型计算机控制技术[M],北京：高等教育出版社,2001,300-326
21.高春甫,艾学忠.微机测控技术[M],北京：科学出版社,2005,132-141
22.范逸之,陈立元.Delphi与RS-232串行通信控制[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2002,3-15
23.范逸之.Visual Basic与RS232串行通讯控制[M],北京：中国青年出版社,2000
24.李朝青.PC机及单片机数据通信技术[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社2000
25.丁华成,耿德根,李君凯.AVR单片机应用设计[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003(3),157-158
26.周惠潮,孙晓峰.常用电子器件及典型应用[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2007,43-47
27.楼钢,李伟,邓学博.小信号放大电路设计[J].浙江理工大学学报2007.11
28.张斌.基于TLC2652的高精度放大器[J].电子产品世界,2003.7
29.蔡锦福,边宇枢.运算放大器原理与应用[M].北京.科学出版社.2003.11
30.王锦标等.过程计算机控制[M],北京：清华大学出版社,1992
31.潘瑜.Visual Basic程序设计[M],北京：科学出版社,2004
32.范逸之,陈立元.Delphi与RS-232串行通信控制[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2002(28)
33.陈夕松,汪木兰.过程控制系统[M],北京：科学出版社,2005(7),1-16
34.潘新民,王燕芳.微型计算机控制技术[M],北京：高等教育出版社,2001,300-326
35.潘瑜.Visual Basic程序设计[M],北京：科学出版社,2004
36. Microsoft Corporation. Visual Basic 6.0 Programmer's Guide中文版程序员指南[M],北京：希望电脑公司,1998
37.赵斯思.Visual Basic数据库编程技术与实例[M],北京：人民邮电出版社,2004,138-148
38.李怀明,骆原,王育新.Visual Basic 6.0中文版参考详解[M],北京：清华大学出版社,1999
39.(美)David G.Jung, Jeff Kent,宋黎松,侯国峰等译.Visual Basic程序调试实用手册[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2001
40.郑小玲.Access 2003中文版实用教程[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2004
41.陈夕松,汪木兰.过程控制系统[M],北京：科学出版社,2005(7),1-16
42.I.Susnea,M.Mitescu.Digital Voltmeter with RS232 Interface[M]. Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2005,157-162
43.I.Susnea,M.Mitescu.Digital Simple RS485 Network with Microcontrollers[M]. Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2005,163-172
44.高春甫,艾学忠.微机测控技术[M],北京：科学出版社,2005,132-141
45. Niklas Ludtke, PMark E. Nelson. Short-term synaptic plasticity can enhance weak signal detectability in nonrenewal spike trains[M], MIT Press,2006,2879-2916
46. D.Dobrev,T.Neycheva,N.Mudrov. Simple two-electrode biosignal amplifier[M], Springer Berlin/Heidelberg,2005,725-730
47. S. T. Glad.A combination of penalty function and multiplier methods for solving optimal control problems[M], Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications,2005,303-329
48.杨运良,张会新,秦丽.基于AVR单片机的异步串行信号检测装置[J].单片机开发与应用,2008,1
49.王秀,李民赞.基于单片机PID和PWM液体流量控制系统研究[J].单片机开发与应用,2008,1
50. A. T. Bogorosh. Principles of construction of systems for optimal control of technological multiple-factor processes of crystallization of multicomponent solutions[M], Cybernetics and Systems Analysis,1998,933-938
51.RaghuRamakrishnan.Research in deductive and object-oriented databases [M],Springer Berlin/Heidelberg,2006.1,183
52. Nurcan Yuruk, Xiaowei Xu, Chen Li and Jeffrey Xu Yu.Supporting Keyword Queries on Structured Databases with Limited Search Interfaces[M], Database Systems for Advanced Applications,2008,432-439
2.潘永康.现代干燥技术[M],北京：化学工业出版社,1998
3.李蔚,陈民.小型实验用蔬菜真空冷冻干燥机的设计与计算[J],西安公路交通大学学报,1996(9)
4.刘运生,马闽生.真空低温冷冻干燥技术简介[J],河北供销与科技,1998(01)
5.赵鹤皋,何国庚.真空冷冻干燥的发展历史与未来的研究,第八届全国冷冻干燥学术交流会,2005,1-5
6.郑文利.真空冷冻干燥理论及实验研究[D],沈阳：东北大学,2000
7.刘军,徐成海.冷冻干燥法制备氧化铜纳米粉体的实验研究,第八届全国冷冻干燥学术交流会,2005,106-110
8.赵鹤皋,郑贤德等.食品冻干机与医药冻干机设计理念的差异,第七届全国冷冻干燥学术交流会,40-43
9.史伟勤.食品真空冷冻干燥国内外最新进展[J],通用机械,2004(12)：17-19
10. S.C.Tsinontides, P.Rajniak, D.Pham, W.A.Hunke, J.Placek, S.D.Reynolds. Freeze drying—principles and practice for successful scale-up to manufacturing[J]. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 280(2004)1-16
11. V. Rindler, P. Schwindke, I. Heschel and GRau. Technical description of a new low-temperature freeze-drying device[J].1998 Elsevier Science Ltd and IIR. Int. J. Refrig. Vol 21, No.7, pp.535-541,1998
12.许敦复,郑效东.冷冻干燥技术与冻干机[M],北京：化学工业出版社,2005
13.于克勤.计算机与PLC对冻干机的控制[J],测控技术,1999(2)：11-12
14.姜立秋等.小冻干试验机的计算机控制[J],基础自动化.1999(6)：44-45
15.王先路,朱武.食品真空冷冻干燥过程的测量与控制研究[J],真空,1994(6)：38-43
16.薛定宇.控制系统计算机辅助设计(第2版)[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2006,260-261
17.陈夕松,汪木兰.过程控制系统[M],北京：科学出版社,2005(7),1-16
18.杨宁,黄元峰,张志敏.三相电热家庭水暖恒温自动控制系统[J],武汉化工学院学报,2005(9)
19.刘如成,丁瑶君.电阻炉温度的自动控制[J],南京师范大学报,2005(12)：26-28
20.潘新民,王燕芳.微型计算机控制技术[M],北京：高等教育出版社,2001,300-326
21.高春甫,艾学忠.微机测控技术[M],北京：科学出版社,2005,132-141
22.范逸之,陈立元.Delphi与RS-232串行通信控制[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2002,3-15
23.范逸之.Visual Basic与RS232串行通讯控制[M],北京：中国青年出版社,2000
24.李朝青.PC机及单片机数据通信技术[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社2000
25.丁华成,耿德根,李君凯.AVR单片机应用设计[M],北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2003(3),157-158
26.周惠潮,孙晓峰.常用电子器件及典型应用[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2007,43-47
27.楼钢,李伟,邓学博.小信号放大电路设计[J].浙江理工大学学报2007.11
28.张斌.基于TLC2652的高精度放大器[J].电子产品世界,2003.7
29.蔡锦福,边宇枢.运算放大器原理与应用[M].北京.科学出版社.2003.11
30.王锦标等.过程计算机控制[M],北京：清华大学出版社,1992
31.潘瑜.Visual Basic程序设计[M],北京：科学出版社,2004
32.范逸之,陈立元.Delphi与RS-232串行通信控制[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2002(28)
33.陈夕松,汪木兰.过程控制系统[M],北京：科学出版社,2005(7),1-16
34.潘新民,王燕芳.微型计算机控制技术[M],北京：高等教育出版社,2001,300-326
35.潘瑜.Visual Basic程序设计[M],北京：科学出版社,2004
36. Microsoft Corporation. Visual Basic 6.0 Programmer's Guide中文版程序员指南[M],北京：希望电脑公司,1998
37.赵斯思.Visual Basic数据库编程技术与实例[M],北京：人民邮电出版社,2004,138-148
38.李怀明,骆原,王育新.Visual Basic 6.0中文版参考详解[M],北京：清华大学出版社,1999
39.(美)David G.Jung, Jeff Kent,宋黎松,侯国峰等译.Visual Basic程序调试实用手册[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2001
40.郑小玲.Access 2003中文版实用教程[M],北京：清华大学出版社,2004
41.陈夕松,汪木兰.过程控制系统[M],北京：科学出版社,2005(7),1-16
42.I.Susnea,M.Mitescu.Digital Voltmeter with RS232 Interface[M]. Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2005,157-162
43.I.Susnea,M.Mitescu.Digital Simple RS485 Network with Microcontrollers[M]. Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2005,163-172
44.高春甫,艾学忠.微机测控技术[M],北京：科学出版社,2005,132-141
45. Niklas Ludtke, PMark E. Nelson. Short-term synaptic plasticity can enhance weak signal detectability in nonrenewal spike trains[M], MIT Press,2006,2879-2916
46. D.Dobrev,T.Neycheva,N.Mudrov. Simple two-electrode biosignal amplifier[M], Springer Berlin/Heidelberg,2005,725-730
47. S. T. Glad.A combination of penalty function and multiplier methods for solving optimal control problems[M], Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications,2005,303-329
48.杨运良,张会新,秦丽.基于AVR单片机的异步串行信号检测装置[J].单片机开发与应用,2008,1
49.王秀,李民赞.基于单片机PID和PWM液体流量控制系统研究[J].单片机开发与应用,2008,1
50. A. T. Bogorosh. Principles of construction of systems for optimal control of technological multiple-factor processes of crystallization of multicomponent solutions[M], Cybernetics and Systems Analysis,1998,933-938
51.RaghuRamakrishnan.Research in deductive and object-oriented databases [M],Springer Berlin/Heidelberg,2006.1,183
52. Nurcan Yuruk, Xiaowei Xu, Chen Li and Jeffrey Xu Yu.Supporting Keyword Queries on Structured Databases with Limited Search Interfaces[M], Database Systems for Advanced Applications,2008,432-439