吉林省西部‘三北’防护林四期工程规划研究
摘要
三北防护林又称修造绿色万里长城活动。三北防护林体系工程是一项正在我国北方实施的宏伟生态建设工程,它是我国林业发展史上的一大壮举,开创了我国林业生态工程建设的先河。吉林省“三北”防护林体系前三期工程建设是在吉林省中西部地区进行的。该地区特别是西部白城、松原市,地处我国著名的科尔沁沙地东缘,沙化土地面积大、覆盖广、扩展快,是我国受荒漠化危害比较严重的地区之一。对吉林省开展三北防护林建设以来,由其是四期工程建设的近几年,对吉林省西部三北四期工程规划进行研究分析,分析主要存在的问题和要注意的问题,提出解决问题的方法和途径。本文回顾了以往三期的历史,总结了前三期的建设经验,阐述了四期存在的问题,如1.工程质量管理存在的问题,工程建设重点不突出,管护机制不健全,管护工作严重滞后,管理手段落后,基础工作薄弱。2.四期工程规划设计不规范,造林地类混乱,盲目追求数量型扩张,影响工程建设质量。3.规划设计落实不到位,地方领导认识不到位,工程资金投入不足,农防林改造滞后,造林成本偏高。提出了解决问题的方法和措施,如1.高度重视,强化政府领导的责任主体意识确定新的生态工程理念,突出重点,实现造林立体多元化。2.明确建设重点,明确造林地类和造生态林,加大工程质量管理力度。3.遵循原则要求,严把作业设计关,加快环城林、护路林、农田林网建设。采用了具体问题具体分析的研究方法。
Three-North Shelterbelt is known as the activities of the green Great Wall building. Three-north forest shelterbelt program is a grand ecological construction projects which is being implemented in North China. It is a great feat in the history of China forestry development. Three-North Shelterbelt also pave the way for chinese forestry ecological restoration programs. In this paper, we not only review the history about the past three part of this program, summarize the construction experience of the past three part, but also enterprise and the existing problems in the forth phase of the project. These problems include: 1、There are various problems in the quality management, the key points of the program construction do not stand out, the mechanism of management and protection is not sound, management and protection work seriously lagged behind, the management means is backward and the basic work is weak ,etc.2、The planning and design of the forth phase of the project are unreasonable, forest land types are in chaos, some manage staff blindly pursuit quantity-type expansion, the quality of construction projects are effected.3、The planning and design are not in place, the understandings of local leaders are insufficient, the investment of project fund is insufficient, the transformation of farmland shelter forest is delayed, afforest cost is a little higher, etc. In this paper several problems are put forward. At the same time, the solutions are raised. For example:1、It is necessary to attaching great importance and strengthening government's responsibility, identifying new ecological engineering concept, emphasizing key point, realizing Solid—diversification plantation.2、We should define the key points of forestry construction, clear the forest land types and plant ecologic forest, increase the engineering quality management power.3、Also, we need to follow the principle requirement, strictly guard a pass with the contents of operational design, speed up the construction of urban circulating forest、road protection forest and farmland shelterbelt network. In addition this thesis adopt method, concrete conditions require concrete analysis.
Three-North Shelterbelt is known as the activities of the green Great Wall building. Three-north forest shelterbelt program is a grand ecological construction projects which is being implemented in North China. It is a great feat in the history of China forestry development. Three-North Shelterbelt also pave the way for chinese forestry ecological restoration programs. In this paper, we not only review the history about the past three part of this program, summarize the construction experience of the past three part, but also enterprise and the existing problems in the forth phase of the project. These problems include: 1、There are various problems in the quality management, the key points of the program construction do not stand out, the mechanism of management and protection is not sound, management and protection work seriously lagged behind, the management means is backward and the basic work is weak ,etc.2、The planning and design of the forth phase of the project are unreasonable, forest land types are in chaos, some manage staff blindly pursuit quantity-type expansion, the quality of construction projects are effected.3、The planning and design are not in place, the understandings of local leaders are insufficient, the investment of project fund is insufficient, the transformation of farmland shelter forest is delayed, afforest cost is a little higher, etc. In this paper several problems are put forward. At the same time, the solutions are raised. For example:1、It is necessary to attaching great importance and strengthening government's responsibility, identifying new ecological engineering concept, emphasizing key point, realizing Solid—diversification plantation.2、We should define the key points of forestry construction, clear the forest land types and plant ecologic forest, increase the engineering quality management power.3、Also, we need to follow the principle requirement, strictly guard a pass with the contents of operational design, speed up the construction of urban circulating forest、road protection forest and farmland shelterbelt network. In addition this thesis adopt method, concrete conditions require concrete analysis.
引文
[1] 苗普, 韩纯君. 对“十一五”期间三北防护林工程的战略思考[J]. 防护林科技 , 2006,3
[2] 张力小,宋豫秦. 三北防护林体系工程政策有效性评析[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版) , 2003,4
[3]孙桂丽 李晓娜 王东三北_防护林建设中若干问题的生态思考.新疆师范大学学报 sep.2007 vol.26,no. 3
[4]韩福财 孙丽萍 吉林省三北地区牧防林规划设计中几个主要问题的探讨 吉林林业科技 Jun.1999 No.3
[5]孙枫 《三北四期工程质量管理之我见》 2006,5
[6] 苗普,李静,孙垂河. 从三北防护林工程看我国生态治理与破坏的相持阶段[J]. 防护林科技 , 2005,(06) .
[7] 陈凤学,. 全面推进三北防护林体系建设 为建设社会主义新农村做出新贡献[J]. 中国林业 , 2006,(01) .
[8] 王宪成 吉林省西部可持续发展与森林生态网络建设[J] 吉林林业科技 2004 年 1 月
[9] 褚卫东,李静. 三北防护林体系建设工程示范功能与社会效益[J]. 绿色中国 , 2005,(02) .
[10] 刘 勇. 三北防护林体系工程建设的分析与思考[J]. 林业经济 , 2002,(02)
[11]刘海凤 王晓萍 吉林省西部地区生态环境特征及综合治理途径 垦殖与稻作 Jan 2003
[12]范志平,曾德慧,朱教君,姜凤岐,余新晓 农田防护林生态作用特征研究 水土保持学报 Vol.16 No.4
[13]赵岭,李兴业,许成启,滕连锁,李勤,刘新宇,王立刚,李艳霞. 黑龙江省三北防护林体系建设成就及存在的问题和发展对策[J]. 防护林科技 , 2000,(03) .
[14] 姚昌恬. 把握生态建设“相持阶段”规律搞好新时期三北工程建设——关于“十一五”三北防护林工程建设的思考和建议[J]. 中国林业 , 2005,(19)
[15] 国家林业局“十一五”三北工程建设思路确定[J]. 中国林业经济 , 2005,(06)
[16] 陈凤学. 全面推进三北防护林体系建设 为建设社会主义新农村做出新贡献[J]. 中国林业 , 2006,(01)
[17]何利成 李怒云 关于三北四期建设的理性思考 绿染三北
[18] 褚卫东,李静. 三北防护林体系建设工程示范功能与社会效益[J]. 绿色中国 , 2005,(02) .
[19] 寇晓东,王宝洪,王有和. 论防护林在国民经济建设中的地位及发展趋势[J]. 防护林科技 , 2001,(01) .
[20] 高森. 三北防护林工程“发展动力”的认识与思考[J]. 防护林科技 , 2002,(02) .
[21]徐 龙 试论三北防护林四期工程计划资金的管理 防护林科技 Ju.l, 2006 No. 4(Sum No. 73)
[22]孙垂河 用生态文明理念指导三北防护林体系工程建设 防护林科技 Jul.,2005 No.4(Sum.No.67)
[23]马国青 宋 菲 三北防护林工程区森林状况综合评价 干旱区资源与环境 Vol.18 No.5 Sep.2004
[24]王 晶,孙 航,杨娟娟,山昌林 吉林省三北地区农防林更新方式 吉林林业科技 Vol.29 No.6 Dec.2000
[25]王成祖 坚持“质为先”方针搞好三北四期工程质量管理 绿染三北
[26]Mendoza, M.A.a c, Fajardo, J.J.b , Zepeta, J.b Landscape based forest management, a real world case study from Mexico Forest Ecology and Management Volume 209, Issue 1-2, 18 April 2005, Pages 19-26
[27]slive m Fajardo, J.J.b , Zepeta, J.b A game model of people's participation in forest management in Northern India MenEnvironment and Development Economics Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2005, Pages 217-240
[28]Brauner, M.a, Weinmeister, W.a , Agner, P.a , Vospernik, S.b , Hoesle, B.a Forest management decision support for evaluating forest protection effects against rockfall Forest Ecology and Management Volume 207, Issue 1-2 SPEC. ISS., 7 March 2005, Pages 75-85
[29]Mehta, S.a , Frelich, L.E.a, Jones, M.T.b , Manolis, J.c Examining the effects of alternative management strategies on landscape-scale forest patterns in northeastern Minnesota using LANDIS Ecological Modelling Volume 180, Issue 1, 10 December 2004, Pages 73-87
[30]Nyrud, A.Q. Analysing Norwegian forest management using an optimal harvesting rule Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, Supplement Volume 19, Issue 5, December 2004, Pages 74-81
[2] 张力小,宋豫秦. 三北防护林体系工程政策有效性评析[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版) , 2003,4
[3]孙桂丽 李晓娜 王东三北_防护林建设中若干问题的生态思考.新疆师范大学学报 sep.2007 vol.26,no. 3
[4]韩福财 孙丽萍 吉林省三北地区牧防林规划设计中几个主要问题的探讨 吉林林业科技 Jun.1999 No.3
[5]孙枫 《三北四期工程质量管理之我见》 2006,5
[6] 苗普,李静,孙垂河. 从三北防护林工程看我国生态治理与破坏的相持阶段[J]. 防护林科技 , 2005,(06) .
[7] 陈凤学,. 全面推进三北防护林体系建设 为建设社会主义新农村做出新贡献[J]. 中国林业 , 2006,(01) .
[8] 王宪成 吉林省西部可持续发展与森林生态网络建设[J] 吉林林业科技 2004 年 1 月
[9] 褚卫东,李静. 三北防护林体系建设工程示范功能与社会效益[J]. 绿色中国 , 2005,(02) .
[10] 刘 勇. 三北防护林体系工程建设的分析与思考[J]. 林业经济 , 2002,(02)
[11]刘海凤 王晓萍 吉林省西部地区生态环境特征及综合治理途径 垦殖与稻作 Jan 2003
[12]范志平,曾德慧,朱教君,姜凤岐,余新晓 农田防护林生态作用特征研究 水土保持学报 Vol.16 No.4
[13]赵岭,李兴业,许成启,滕连锁,李勤,刘新宇,王立刚,李艳霞. 黑龙江省三北防护林体系建设成就及存在的问题和发展对策[J]. 防护林科技 , 2000,(03) .
[14] 姚昌恬. 把握生态建设“相持阶段”规律搞好新时期三北工程建设——关于“十一五”三北防护林工程建设的思考和建议[J]. 中国林业 , 2005,(19)
[15] 国家林业局“十一五”三北工程建设思路确定[J]. 中国林业经济 , 2005,(06)
[16] 陈凤学. 全面推进三北防护林体系建设 为建设社会主义新农村做出新贡献[J]. 中国林业 , 2006,(01)
[17]何利成 李怒云 关于三北四期建设的理性思考 绿染三北
[18] 褚卫东,李静. 三北防护林体系建设工程示范功能与社会效益[J]. 绿色中国 , 2005,(02) .
[19] 寇晓东,王宝洪,王有和. 论防护林在国民经济建设中的地位及发展趋势[J]. 防护林科技 , 2001,(01) .
[20] 高森. 三北防护林工程“发展动力”的认识与思考[J]. 防护林科技 , 2002,(02) .
[21]徐 龙 试论三北防护林四期工程计划资金的管理 防护林科技 Ju.l, 2006 No. 4(Sum No. 73)
[22]孙垂河 用生态文明理念指导三北防护林体系工程建设 防护林科技 Jul.,2005 No.4(Sum.No.67)
[23]马国青 宋 菲 三北防护林工程区森林状况综合评价 干旱区资源与环境 Vol.18 No.5 Sep.2004
[24]王 晶,孙 航,杨娟娟,山昌林 吉林省三北地区农防林更新方式 吉林林业科技 Vol.29 No.6 Dec.2000
[25]王成祖 坚持“质为先”方针搞好三北四期工程质量管理 绿染三北
[26]Mendoza, M.A.a c, Fajardo, J.J.b , Zepeta, J.b Landscape based forest management, a real world case study from Mexico Forest Ecology and Management Volume 209, Issue 1-2, 18 April 2005, Pages 19-26
[27]slive m Fajardo, J.J.b , Zepeta, J.b A game model of people's participation in forest management in Northern India MenEnvironment and Development Economics Volume 10, Issue 2, April 2005, Pages 217-240
[28]Brauner, M.a, Weinmeister, W.a , Agner, P.a , Vospernik, S.b , Hoesle, B.a Forest management decision support for evaluating forest protection effects against rockfall Forest Ecology and Management Volume 207, Issue 1-2 SPEC. ISS., 7 March 2005, Pages 75-85
[29]Mehta, S.a , Frelich, L.E.a, Jones, M.T.b , Manolis, J.c Examining the effects of alternative management strategies on landscape-scale forest patterns in northeastern Minnesota using LANDIS Ecological Modelling Volume 180, Issue 1, 10 December 2004, Pages 73-87
[30]Nyrud, A.Q. Analysing Norwegian forest management using an optimal harvesting rule Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, Supplement Volume 19, Issue 5, December 2004, Pages 74-81